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Acetylcysteine

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. This page reviews oral supplementation studies for training-related goals.

Aloe vera

Aloe vera is a plant; inner gel, gel powder, sterols and topical products differ in composition and use.

Alpha-galactosidase

Alpha-galactosidase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down certain oligosaccharides in legumes and other foods.

Arginine

Arginine is an amino acid. L-arginine and the AAKG complex have different compositions; products containing amino-acid mixtures are considered…

ASTAXANTHIN

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid. The amount of astaxanthin itself and the extract composition matter when comparing products.

Avena sativa

Oats (Avena sativa) are used as a food grain, a source of β-glucan and raw material for green herb extracts. These products differ.

Bacillus coagulans

Bacillus coagulans, also known as Weizmannia coagulans, is a spore-forming bacterium. Results depend on the exact strain and product composition.

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming bacterium used in some food starter cultures and supplements. This page covers specific strains and everyday…

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine may increase time to exhaustion in some intense laboratory tests after several weeks of use. Improvements have also been observed in…

Bifidobacterium longum

Bifidobacterium longum is a bacterial species. NCC3001, 1714, BB536 and other strains have different studied properties.

LINOLENIC ACID

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid. It should not be confused with alpha-lipoic acid.

Magnesium

Magnesium is an essential mineral. This page shows which effects of a separate supplement have been tested in people and what is known about forms,…

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal bodily functions. Reliable food sources and supplements are especially important with a fully plant-based diet.

Withania somnifera

Ashwagandha root extracts may reduce stress and anxiety and improve sleep. A specific extract may reduce fatigue in adults with existing complaints;…