Compro

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Compro

Treatment option: Burping, Morning Sickness

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 10/01/2026

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Compro

Property Description
Active ingredient Prochlorperazine (usually as the maleate salt)
Form Tablet, Capsule, Suppository, Injectable Solution
Pharmacological class Phenothiazine, Dopamine Receptor Antagonist
General purpose Severe Nausea, Vomiting, Certain Psychotic States
Origin Synthetic compound

What Type of Medicine is Prochlorperazine (Compro)?

The medicinal entity often identified as Compro is defined by its active ingredient, Prochlorperazine, a synthetic compound derived from chlorpromazine. It is classified as a first-generation Antipsychotic Agent and, notably, a highly effective Anti-emetic Agent. Prochlorperazine belongs to the phenothiazine class, functioning primarily as a Dopamine Receptor Antagonist. This mechanism involves the blocking of dopamine pathways in the central nervous system. This classification places Prochlorperazine within a family of compounds historically central to neuropharmacology, yet its specific profile prioritizes anti-emetic action.

Composition and Available Forms of Compro

Prochlorperazine is prepared as a single-ingredient product, offering a consistent pharmacological profile across its various formulations. This medication is manufactured in several high-level dosage forms, including Oral Tablets or Capsules, a Rectal Suppository, and a sterile Injectable Solution. This versatility is a distinguishing factor of the Prochlorperazine formulation, providing alternatives for administration when oral intake is compromised. The suppository form is utilized in clinical practice when a patient cannot tolerate oral medication.

General Purpose and Action of Compro

The general purpose of the medication centers on the efficient suppression of severe, acute nausea and vomiting. This application is recognized for scenarios such as post-operative sickness. Its core efficacy stems from its action as a Dopamine Receptor Antagonist, which centrally blocks the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) in the brain, thereby interrupting the neurochemical signals that initiate the emetic reflex. Furthermore, its broader neuroleptic function means it is also utilized for stabilizing severe, non-psychotic anxiety states and managing symptoms associated with certain psychotic disorders.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH DailyMed Label

What side effects are possible with Compro?

Adverse Reaction Scope

Compro (prochlorperazine) is a phenothiazine medication. Its safety profile is characterized by the risk of central nervous system and movement-related side effects, along with other systemic risks documented in regulatory sources.

Common adverse reactions (1% to 10%) include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and various movement disorders known as Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS), such as rigidity, tremor, and akathisia (motor restlessness).

Serious Adverse Reactions

Potential serious adverse reactions requiring immediate attention include the following:

  • Tardive Dyskinesia: A syndrome of potentially irreversible, involuntary, rhythmic movements, often involving the tongue, face, and jaw. The risk is associated with long-term use and increases with treatment duration and cumulative dose.
  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): A rare but potentially fatal condition characterized by high fever, severe muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability.
  • Hematologic Effects: Includes blood dyscrasias like agranulocytosis (a severe reduction in white blood cells), which has been reported post-marketing.
  • Cardiovascular Effects: Potential for orthostatic hypotension (dizziness upon standing) and changes in heart rhythm, specifically QTc prolongation.

Population-Specific Safety Considerations

  • Elderly Patients: Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs, including this class, are at an increased risk of death (a serious warning in FDA labeling). They are also more susceptible to movement disorders and orthostatic hypotension.
  • Pediatric Patients: The medication is contraindicated in children under 2 years of age or under 20 pounds (9 kg).

Safety-Related Restrictions

Compro should not be used in comatose states or when large amounts of Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates) are present. The drug's antiemetic action can mask signs of other serious underlying conditions such as Reye's Syndrome or intestinal obstruction, which requires caution in diagnosis and use.

Overdose and Emergency Response

A suspected overdose of Prochlorperazine requires the individual to seek immediate medical attention and contact the national Poison Help hotline at once. Officially documented overdose presentations involve profound CNS depression, characterized by severe somnolence, disorientation, coma, and convulsions (seizures). Neuromuscular signs include Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS), dystonia, and muscle rigidity. Cardiovascular instability is documented by the risk of severe hypotension, tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias.

The regulatory profile highlights the potential for life-threatening systemic outcomes, including the development of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a severe complex characterized by hyperpyrexia and autonomic instability. Since no specific antidote is known, the mandated emergency action is symptomatic and supportive treatment. This involves securing a patent airway and ensuring adequate hydration. For managing severe hypotension, Norepinephrine or Phenylephrine are suitable, but Epinephrine must not be used as it may cause a paradoxical lowering of blood pressure. Specific regulatory notes address the increased mortality risk in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis and neonatal complications such as respiratory distress following prenatal exposure.

Therapeutic Uses of Compro

Prochlorperazine is primarily used for managing symptoms related to physical discomfort, specifically addressing severe nausea and persistent vomiting caused by significant physiological stressors. It is considered relevant when supportive symptom management is appropriate, such as during post-operative recovery or following treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy. This supportive benefit may assist with easing the overall symptom burden.

The medication is commonly used across conditions presenting with acute episodes including severe emesis, certain psychotic disorders (like schizophrenia), and symptomatic distress from conditions like vertigo and severe non-psychotic anxiety. It is applied in scenarios where additional management of discomfort is required, and may help patients cope more steadily with symptom fluctuations.

“It is relevant when symptoms become temporarily overwhelming and supportive relief is needed.”


Quick Fact: Supportive Management for Symptoms of Severe Sickness and Psychotic Manifestations

Within the neuropsychiatric domain, Prochlorperazine is used across conditions where symptoms may intensify temporarily, helping to address symptom clusters that may become intense or disruptive, specifically the positive manifestations of psychosis. This utilization may assist with maintaining functional stability when symptoms are more noticeable.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH StatPearls review of Prochlorperazine

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility Map: Who Can and Cannot Use Compro (Prochlorperazine)

Category Official Regulatory Statement
Populations for whom use is allowed Adults with severe nausea, vomiting, or manifestations of psychotic disorders. Children 2 years of age and older or weighing 20 lbs (9 kg) for the control of severe nausea and vomiting.
Populations for whom use is contraindicated Patients with known hypersensitivity to Prochlorperazine or other phenothiazine derivatives. Patients in a comatose state or in the presence of large amounts of CNS depressants. Patients with blood dyscrasias, pheochromocytoma, or subcortical brain damage.
Age-related eligibility rules Contraindicated in children under 2 years of age or those weighing under 20 lbs (9 kg). Not approved for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis in elderly patients (FDA Boxed Warning).
Condition-specific eligibility rules Contraindicated in patients with impaired liver function or renal insufficiency. Use requires caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disorders or a history of seizures.
Pregnancy and lactation eligibility status Pregnancy: Not Recommended unless potential benefit outweighs risk; third-trimester use carries risk of neonatal extrapyramidal/withdrawal symptoms. Lactation: Not Recommended; phenothiazines are excreted into breast milk.

Official eligibility statements:

  • The medicine is contraindicated based on age for any pediatric patient under 2 years old or under 20 lbs.
  • It is not approved for older adults with dementia-related psychosis, a restriction based on an increased risk of death cited in regulatory documents.
  • Absolute non-eligibility is defined by patient status (e.g., comatose) and severe underlying comorbidities, including certain blood disorders or impaired liver/kidney function.

Connection to the overall eligibility profile: The regulatory profile strictly defines who can and cannot use Prochlorperazine by establishing absolute contraindications related to hypersensitivity and CNS status, and by setting clear age and weight thresholds for pediatric patients. Eligibility is further limited by specific systemic conditions and a Boxed Warning that prohibits use for a specific condition in the older adult population.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

This information details the officially documented interactions for Compro (Prochlorperazine) as described in regulatory prescribing documents.

Interaction Type Primary Regulatory Constraint
Pharmacodynamic Risk Avoid combining with medications that significantly prolong the QT interval (risk of severe arrhythmias) or those that increase the risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS), such as Metoclopramide.
CNS Depression Use with caution alongside Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, narcotics, and general anesthetics, due to the high risk of increased sedation and hypotension.
Antagonism Prochlorperazine antagonizes the effects of Levodopa and may reduce the efficacy of oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin).

Pharmacokinetic and Substance Interactions

The drug's metabolism involves the Cytochrome P450 system, meaning its concentration may be altered by co-administered CYP inducers or inhibitors, which requires clinical consideration. The official label advises against combination with Desferrioxamine due to potential severe neurotoxicity. Lithium, when combined with Prochlorperazine, increases the risk of severe neurotoxicity and EPS.

Food may slow the absorption rate of Prochlorperazine. Alcohol must be avoided due to the documented increase in the risk of CNS depression and orthostatic hypotension. Dose adjustments and increased monitoring are specifically noted as considerations for elderly patients due to potentially altered sensitivity to interactions.

Mechanism of Action

How Prochlorperazine Works: Mechanism of Action


Central Interruption of the Emetic Pathway

This medication acts as an antagonist (blocker) primarily at Dopamine D2 Receptors, with high relevance in the brain's Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ). By occupying these receptor sites, the drug prevents the binding of endogenous dopamine, initiating a molecular cascade that interrupts the central signal transmission of the emetic reflex to the vomiting center.


Multitarget Neurochemical Modulation

Prochlorperazine’s effect profile is shaped by its multi-receptor action, which extends beyond dopamine to include antagonism at Histamine H1 and Muscarinic Cholinergic receptors. This dual blockade in the central nervous system contributes to generalized CNS depression and a broader neurochemical modulation of pathways involved in the regulation of central activity.


Modulation of Systemic Vascular Tone

A secondary, yet intrinsic, consequence of the drug's mechanism is its interaction with the Autonomic Nervous System through blockade of Alpha-1 (alpha1) Adrenergic Receptors. This peripheral antagonism modifies the normal signaling that controls blood vessel diameter, leading to a physiological consequence of reduced peripheral vascular resistance, which influences vascular tone regulation.

Dosage and Administration Information

The administration of Prochlorperazine (Compro) follows specific patterns regarding routes, dosage limits, and duration. The medication is available for Oral (tablet/capsule), Rectal (suppository), and Parenteral (Intramuscular or slow Intravenous) administration. The subcutaneous route is not advisable.

Administration protocols vary based on the context of use. For treating severe, acute nausea and vomiting, adult oral regimens are typically 5 mg to 10 mg taken 3 to 4 times daily, generally not exceeding a maximum of 40 mg per day. The rectal suppository is commonly administered at a 25 mg dose twice daily. Parenteral doses usually range from 5 mg to 10 mg IM or IV for acute control.

Usage Context Maximum Dose Limit Course Duration Principle
Acute Nausea/Vomiting 40 mg daily (Oral/Parenteral) Seldom needed for more than one day
Non-Psychotic Anxiety 20 mg daily Do not exceed 12 weeks
Psychotic Disorders Up to 150 mg daily Requires periodic reassessment of need

Parenteral administration requires specific controls: the IV rate must not exceed 5 mg per minute, and patients are to be observed lying down for at least 30 minutes following injection. Furthermore, use is prohibited in children under two years of age or weighing less than 20 pounds. In older or debilitated adults, treatment is typically initiated at a lower dose and increased only gradually.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Compro

Evidence for Use in Severe Nausea and Vomiting

Research for the use of Prochlorperazine was studied for its application in conditions associated with acute or disruptive episodes of vomiting and nausea. This includes patients in immediate care settings, as well as those managing symptoms following medical procedures, such as post-operative recovery or after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. This evidence primarily consists of short-term, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of these studies. These trials examined outcomes related to physical discomfort, specifically measuring the resolution of vomiting episodes and changes in the intensity of nausea, which is often a patient-reported outcome describing perceived discomfort. The research explored how symptoms evolved over defined, short time intervals, typically focusing on the first few hours following study intervention.

Evidence for Management of Psychotic Disorders

Research has explored Prochlorperazine's evaluation in conditions characterized by fluctuating or episodic manifestations, such as schizophrenia. This evidence stems from controlled trials and extended observational studies within the phenothiazine class. Research examined outcomes reflecting daily functioning or activity level and utilized standardized scales to measure symptom severity over time. Studies report how symptoms evolved in the observed populations, and this research contributes to the broader evidence landscape for the phenothiazine class. Certainty remains low regarding the modern comparative profile of Prochlorperazine versus newer medications for chronic conditions.

What is Still Uncertain About Compro

The overall evidence base has several documented limitations. For severe nausea, long-term effects are not fully established or relevant. For the short-term evaluation of anxiety, clinical evaluation was conducted over a limited duration, typically no longer than twelve weeks. Crucially, data for children aged two years and older remain insufficient compared to adult studies. Regulatory bodies have also issued specific constraints on use in older adults with dementia-related psychosis, where research findings indicate that the drug was associated with an increased risk of serious outcomes compared to placebo in those specific circumstances. The evidence highlights what is known — and what is still uncertain — about its full range of effects and long-term consequences.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Compro (FAQ)


Q: What does the term "phenothiazine" mean in the context of Compro?

Compro belongs to a group of medicines known as phenothiazines. This classification indicates that the drug is a type of Dopamine Receptor Antagonist, meaning it works by blocking dopamine pathways in the brain. This family of compounds has historically been used in neuropharmacology to affect central nervous system activity, which helps explain its uses for both severe nausea and certain mental health conditions.


Q: Is Compro intended for short-term or long-term use?

The official duration of use depends on the condition being addressed. For managing acute nausea and vomiting, the medication is generally needed for only a short time. Official documents state that use for anxiety is limited to a duration not exceeding 12 weeks in official guidelines, while use for psychotic disorders requires periodic reassessment by a healthcare professional.


Q: Can Compro cause severe confusion or changes in mental state?

Changes in mental status, including severe confusion, are noted in regulatory information as potential symptoms of a serious condition called Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) or overdosage. Official information reports that drowsiness is a common side effect of the medication.


Q: Are there any known long-term side effects associated with Compro use?

Long-term use is associated with an increased risk of developing Tardive Dyskinesia, which is a potentially irreversible movement disorder involving involuntary movements of the face and body. Additionally, official sources state that the drug may increase levels of the hormone prolactin in the body, which can lead to changes in reproductive function over time.


Q: Are there any over-the-counter medicines or supplements that should be avoided while taking Compro?

Regulatory warnings advise using caution when combining Compro with any medications that cause Central Nervous System (CNS) depression, such as certain sleep aids. Due to the potential for interactions, regulatory information requires that patients inform a healthcare provider of all non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.


Q: Is Compro used in children, and what are the specific safety warnings for them?

Compro is approved for use in children aged 2 years and older who weigh at least 20 pounds, typically for severe nausea and vomiting. Official warnings note that children may be at an elevated risk for developing unusual face and body movements, known as dystonic reactions. Use is strictly contraindicated in children under two years of age.


Q: How quickly does Compro start working to relieve severe nausea?

The onset of action depends on the form of the medication administered. Following intramuscular injection, the effect begins within ten to twenty minutes. Clinical reports on intravenous administration indicate the mean time to cessation of vomiting has been reported at approximately 8.5 minutes.


Q: What is the general expectation for time to improvement if Compro is used for managing anxiety?

Official research evidence indicates that clinical evaluations for the use of Compro in managing anxiety were typically conducted over a limited duration. This period was generally no longer than twelve weeks, after which the need for continued treatment is reviewed.


Q: Can Compro increase sensitivity to sun exposure?

Yes, official regulatory information indicates that Compro may cause increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, which is known as photosensitivity. The label information suggests measures such as avoiding direct sunlight and using sunscreen to manage this risk.


Q: Can Compro affect a person's ability to drive or operate machinery?

Official warnings state that because this medication can cause side effects like drowsiness, blurred vision, or affected movements, it may impair a person’s judgment. Due to these potential effects, the label includes warnings against driving or operating machinery until the patient knows how the medication impacts their reflexes and function.


Q: Does official information mention Compro causing weight gain or loss?

Official product information reports that weight gain is a reported side effect associated with the use of this medication.


Q: Are there known interactions between Compro and herbal products?

Regulatory sources caution that there is insufficient data to confirm that herbal remedies and supplements are safe to take with Compro, and some may worsen known side effects. The official label requires that patients inform their healthcare provider of any herbal products or supplements being used.


Q: Is it important to tell my doctor about all other medicines, even non-prescription ones, when taking Compro?

Official regulatory documents include guidance requiring patients to inform a healthcare provider of all medications used, including non-prescription products, vitamins, and herbs. This is due to the risk of potential drug interactions that could increase side effects or change how the medicine works.


Q: Are patients with a history of glaucoma or prostate problems able to use Compro?

Official warnings list conditions such as glaucoma (raised pressure in the eyeball) and certain problems with the prostate gland (like an enlarged prostate) as conditions where the drug should be used with caution or may be unsuitable. These conditions are described in regulatory documents as factors that limit or contraindicate the use of the drug.


Q: Can Compro affect fertility in men or women?

Regulatory information indicates the drug can increase levels of the hormone prolactin. For women, this may lead to missed menstrual periods; for men, it may cause erectile dysfunction. While these effects are generally reversible upon stopping the medication, they are noted as a potential risk.


Q: How long do the effects of a single dose of Compro typically last?

Following intramuscular injection, the therapeutic effect typically lasts for approximately three to four hours. Regulatory data on the body's processing of the drug shows that the terminal elimination half-life—the time it takes for half of the drug to be cleared—is generally around 8 to 9 hours.


Q: How long does the body need to adjust after stopping Compro?

Official information notes that if treatment is stopped, the original illness being treated may return. Additionally, withdrawal effects such as feeling or being sick or difficulty sleeping may occur, suggesting the body does require an adjustment period.

How should Compro be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Compro

Official regulatory information requires specific conditions for storing and disposing of this medication.

Storage Requirements

  • Temperature and Light: Store Compro at room temperature and keep it away from light. The suppository form may be kept in the refrigerator, but it is critical to prevent the product from freezing.
  • Security: This medication must be kept in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent unauthorized access.

Disposal Requirements

Do not keep medicine that is outdated or no longer needed. Patients should consult a healthcare professional for guidance on the proper disposal of unused Compro. Disposal via an authorized drug take-back program or mail-back service is generally recommended. If these options are unavailable, the drug should be mixed with an undesirable substance, such as dirt or used coffee grounds, and placed in a sealed bag or container before being thrown into the household trash.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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