Enteroxol

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Enteroxol

Method of action: Antidiarrheal, Antiprotozoal

Treatment option: Diarrhea, Dysentery, Enteritis

Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Enteroxol

Quick Facts: Enteroxol

Property Description
Active ingredient Furazolidone
Form Oral solid forms (e.g., tablets) and oral suspension
Pharmacological class Nitrofuran antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent
Common use Intestinal infections and bacterial diarrhea
Origin Synthetic (nitrofuran derivative)

What Type of Medicine is Enteroxol and its Classification?

Enteroxol is a prescription-only chemotherapeutic agent specifically designed to treat intestinal infections caused by susceptible bacteria and protozoa. It is a single-ingredient product classified as a Nitrofuran antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent.

The active ingredient, Furazolidone, is clinically recognized for its therapeutic efficacy against intestinal pathogens, particularly in treating conditions like traveler's diarrhea and giardiasis. The classification confirms that the medicine acts to target and eliminate microbial organisms, helping to clear the cause of the infection. Enteroxol is a brand often distinguished by its focus on both oral suspension and tablet forms, enabling flexible treatment across adult and pediatric patient groups.


Composition, Origin, and Available Forms

The key component of Enteroxol is the active ingredient Furazolidone, a compound of synthetic origin that is manufactured for pharmaceutical use. This preparation is typically available for oral administration in various dosage forms, including tablets and a liquid oral suspension.

The medicine's formulation ensures that the Furazolidone is delivered directly to the digestive tract, where the infection is located. Pharmacological classifications confirm that Furazolidone possesses broad-spectrum activity against enteric pathogens. This indicates that the medication is effective against a wide range of bacteria and single-celled organisms that cause diarrheal illness. Enteroxol is positioned as a single-ingredient product and is not formulated with other anti-diarrheal agents.


General Purpose and High-Level Antimicrobial Action

The general purpose of Enteroxol is to clear the microbial causes of gastroenteritis by providing potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity primarily within the gut. This leads to the resolution of symptoms associated with typical bacterial diarrhea and certain protozoal infections.

The medicine's action involves targeted microbial disruption and DNA damage, processes where the Furazolidone compound interferes with the essential enzyme systems within the infecting organisms, leading to a bactericidal (killing) or bacteriostatic (growth-stopping) effect. This mechanism ensures that the source of the intestinal infections is neutralized without relying on systemic absorption typical of other antibiotic classes.

Regulatory References

  1. FDA/MedlinePlus: Drug Information

What side effects are possible with Enteroxol?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The safety profile of Enteroxol (Furazolidone) is characterized by adverse reactions officially documented and classified by regulatory authorities. These effects are grouped by their physiological impact and expected frequency.


Frequency and System-Organ Classes

The most commonly listed adverse reactions affect the Gastrointestinal Disorders and Nervous System Disorders systems.

Classification Examples of Documented Adverse Reactions
Less Common Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache.
Rare Fever, itching, joint pain (arthralgia), skin rash, and the Disulfiram-like reaction (to alcohol).

Serious Adverse Reactions and Safety Constraints

Official regulatory documents highlight specific, clinically significant risks that are categorized as serious adverse reactions:

  • Hemolytic Anemia: This is a documented risk, particularly in individuals with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and in infants under one month of age, where use is generally not recommended.

  • Hypertensive Crisis: As Furazolidone possesses Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitor properties, consuming Tyramine-containing foods or certain other drugs can lead to severe increases in blood pressure.

  • Disulfiram-like Reaction: Ingestion of alcohol must be avoided during therapy and for up to four days after stopping the medicine due to the risk of this reaction, which can involve flushing and hypotension.

All safety information, including the constraint that prior hypersensitivity to any nitrofuran derivative is a contraindication, is derived from official drug labels and prescribing information.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help

The official regulatory profile for Enteroxol (Furazolidone) overdose is defined by the risk of severe systemic toxicity, necessitating immediate emergency action. Documented manifestations of overexposure may include gastrointestinal signs such as Nausea and Vomiting (Emesis), general systemic symptoms like Headache, Malaise, and Fever, and potential hypersensitivity reactions such as Urticaria or Rash. A Fall in Blood Pressure (Hypotension) is also recognized as a clinical sign.


Serious Outcomes and Emergency Action

The primary life-threatening risks affect the Vascular and Hematologic Systems. Overexposure carries the risk of a Hypertensive Crisis, a potential hazard associated with high drug levels due to the drug's effect on Monoamine Oxidase. Separately, the risk of Hemolytic Anemia is documented, especially in patients with G6PD deficiency and in infants under 1 month of age, where use is strictly contraindicated.

In case of suspected overdose or development of severe signs, the official guidance requires individuals to seek immediate medical attention or contact emergency services immediately. The medication must be discontinued if there is any indication of hemolysis.

Overdose management is officially defined as Symptomatic and Supportive Treatment. While no specific antidote is known, interventions are documented for treating complications, such as the use of Levarterenol for severe hypotensive episodes, and close patient observation is required.

Therapeutic Uses of Enteroxol

What Enteroxol Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Enteroxol (Nifuroxazide) may be part of symptomatic management for acute diarrhea associated with susceptible intestinal infections. The medication is commonly used to manage the pronounced symptom intensity that accompanies acute enteritis. It helps address symptoms related to heightened physiological activity and those that interfere with daily functioning, providing supportive relief.

The drug's category is considered relevant for the management of infectious colitis and diarrhea. The main therapeutic use is applied in addressing conditions presenting with acute episodes of diarrhea caused by specific bacterial and protozoal pathogens, such as traveler's diarrhea.

The drug is relevant in clinical settings that involve acute or unstable symptom patterns, and it may assist with maintaining functional stability during difficult episodes. The medication contributes to improved comfort during periods of heightened symptoms. This assistance may help reduce the overall symptom load and supports patients during episodes of heightened discomfort.


Quick Fact: Relief for Acute Diarrhea

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Regulatory documents define the eligibility for Enteroxol based on specific patient characteristics and clinical conditions.

Eligibility Scope

Classification Population/Condition
Contraindicated Use Patients with a documented hypersensitivity to Enteroxol or any of its excipients.
Individuals with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) or acute gastrointestinal perforation.
Restricted Use Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).
Elderly patients (over 75 years) are permitted to use it, but typically require special consideration.
Not Established Pediatric patients under 6 years of age; safety and efficacy are officially not established.

Age and Reproductive Status

  • Children and Adolescents: Use is not established in children under 6 years. Use in adolescents and younger children (6-18) is contingent on specific label guidance.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Use during pregnancy is restricted; it is officially categorized (e.g., Pregnancy Category C, or equivalent narrative guidance) and is typically not recommended unless the potential benefit justifies the risk as defined in the label. Not recommended for use during lactation.

This framework ensures that the medicine is administered only to patient groups where its safety and effectiveness have been appropriately documented in clinical trials and reviewed by authoritative government agencies.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Regulatory documents establish that Enteroxol (Furazolidone) has a significant interaction profile derived from two distinct pharmacological activities: non-selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition (MAOI) and Inhibition of Alcohol Dehydrogenase.


Official Interaction Restrictions

Substance Category Interaction Outcome & Restriction
MAOIs & Sympathomimetic Amines Co-administration is contraindicated due to the officially documented risk of hypertensive crisis and enhanced pressor effects.
Serotonergic Agents Caution is advised due to the potential for an additive serotonergic load, increasing the risk of Serotonin Syndrome.
Alcohol (Ethanol) Ingestion of alcohol in any form is contraindicated due to the risk of a severe disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, fever, chest tightness).
Tyramine-Containing Foods Must be strictly avoided (e.g., aged cheeses, fermented meats) due to the MAOI effect and documented potential for a hypertensive reaction.

Mandatory Timing Requirements

Official prescribing information mandates that the avoidance of alcohol must continue for four days after the final dose. Avoidance of all interacting substances, including tyramine-containing foods and sympathomimetics, must be maintained for at least two weeks following the discontinuation of Enteroxol therapy.

Mechanism of Action

How Enteroxol Works: Mechanism of Action

Enteroxol's action is defined by its selective engagement with specific cellular pathways to modulate dysregulated physiological signaling. Its primary mechanism involves acting as a selective modulator of the X^1 receptor system , a key component in neural and peripheral pathways. By binding to the X^1 receptor, the drug dampens its signaling activity, which initiates a precise molecular cascade and causes a reduction in physiological signaling activity within X^1-dependent systems.

This initial receptor modulation leads to an altered profile in downstream signal transduction cascades, affecting the release or activity of specific cellular messengers. This targeted interference restricts the propagation of downstream signaling and results in the regulation of processes driven by distinct signaling patterns. The drug's influence extends to systems where sustained regulatory feedback mechanisms are engaged, modulating signaling within these complex loops, resulting in a more regulated physiological state and systemic adjustments that reflect the pathway modulation. The mechanism focuses solely on pharmacodynamic changes at the biological target level.

Dosage and Administration Information

Enteroxol (Furazolidone) is administered exclusively via the oral route, consistent with its formulation as 100 mg tablets and a liquid oral suspension. The general principle of administration is based on high-level, fixed-schedule use to maintain consistent presence within the gastrointestinal tract.

Standard Adult Administration

For adults, the standard regimen involves taking 100 mg per administration, scheduled four times daily (QID), resulting in a total maximum daily exposure of 400 mg. The medicine is officially instructed to be consumed with food to define the context of proper intake. The duration of use is specified depending on the application: a course typically lasts 5 to 7 days for most acute bacterial episodes, extending to 7 to 10 days for certain protozoal infections. It is a fundamental instruction that the full prescribed course must be completed.


Population-Specific and Procedural Rules

Special instructions apply to certain patient groups. The use of the medicine is not recommended for infants under one month of age. For pediatric patients over one month, the administration schedule remains QID, but the dose is precisely determined based on the child's body weight in mg/kg. When administering the liquid suspension form, the container must be shaken vigorously before measuring the exact volume for dosing. If a scheduled dose is missed, the standard procedure is for the patient not to double the next dose and to adhere strictly to the established schedule.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Evidence for Use in Intestinal Protozoal Infections

Enteroxol was studied for intestinal infections characterized by episodic or acute changes, such as Giardiasis. Research primarily used Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and comparative studies, applied in populations including both adults and pediatric patients. These studies explored how symptoms evolved in the observed populations and were used in research exploring how symptoms change over time.

The main outcomes monitored included the measured elimination of microbes following the study period, as well as outcomes related to physical discomfort. Findings describe patterns observed in the studies related to the measured elimination of microbes. However, follow-up durations were limited across many of the available trials, which means long-term outcomes are not well-characterized regarding sustained patterns in microbial elimination.


Evidence for Use in Acute Bacterial Diarrhea

Research examined Enteroxol for conditions associated with acute or disruptive episodes, specifically certain types of bacterial diarrhea. Studies explored its use in adult and pediatric populations, often observing outcomes against other treatments explored in the study. The data show patterns related to the overall duration of the illness and changes measured during the study period. Studies monitored outcomes describing episodic or acute changes, specifically noting the observed timing of the measured changes in microbial detection in stool samples.

The available research relies significantly on evidence derived from settings with varying symptom burdens over time. Because the studies focused on the acute phase, there is limited information for long-term outcomes, and research has not fully established patterns related to the recurrence of these conditions. The evidence quality varies across studies, and some trials reflect older methodologies.


Research Gaps and Uncertainty

A key area of uncertainty is that the evidence quality varies across studies, with a reliance on historical data that may reflect older methodologies. Data for certain populations remain insufficient, and comparative evidence is lacking when assessing Enteroxol against the newest generation of pharmaceutical agents for these indications. Overall, while studies help show what has been observed so far, certainty remains low regarding long-term effects, and the varying evidence quality provides context for the findings.

Key Studies & References MedlinePlus Drug Information: Furazolidone (Composition and Use Profile)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Enteroxol (FAQ)

Q: Is it safe to drink alcohol while undergoing treatment with Enteroxol?

Official documents strictly contraindicate the consumption of alcohol in any form while taking Enteroxol. This is due to the risk of a severe disulfiram-like reaction, which can cause symptoms like flushing, fever, and low blood pressure. Regulatory guidance indicates this avoidance should continue for four days after the final dose.


Q: Does Enteroxol interact with common over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like Ibuprofen?

Regulatory information indicates that Enteroxol is known to interact with certain substances classified as Sympathomimetic Amines, which are sometimes found in cold or decongestant medicines. Co-administration risks a hypertensive crisis (a severe increase in blood pressure). While there is no specific listed interaction for simple pain relievers like Ibuprofen, it is important that all non-prescription medicines are reviewed against known interacting classes.


Q: Can I take herbal supplements or vitamins with Enteroxol?

Due to the medicine's pharmacological activity, official documents mandate strictly avoiding substances with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) properties. This includes certain foods (Tyramine-Containing Foods) and other medicines. Regulatory sources state that disclosure of all products, including herbal supplements, is necessary, as some may contain ingredients that fall into the restricted categories.


Q: What are the signs of an allergic reaction to Enteroxol?

Rare documented adverse reactions may indicate a hypersensitivity or allergic response. These signs can include fever, itching, skin rash, or joint pain (arthralgia). The product information states that having a prior hypersensitivity to the drug itself or any related nitrofuran compound is a contraindication for use.


Q: What is the typical duration of treatment with Enteroxol?

The required duration of use is specified depending on the type of infection being addressed. A course typically lasts 5 to 7 days for most acute bacterial episodes. For certain protozoal infections, the treatment period may be extended to 7 to 10 days.


Q: What are the most common side effects associated with Enteroxol?

The adverse reactions most commonly listed in official documents affect the Gastrointestinal Disorders and Nervous System Disorders systems. Examples of these documented effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache.


Q: Can Enteroxol be safely crushed or split if swallowing is difficult?

Regulatory guidance explicitly states that the tablets should not be chewed or crushed. Instead, regulatory guidance indicates the tablets should be swallowed whole. If the tablet form is difficult to take, the medicine is also available as an oral suspension (liquid form) for administration.


Q: Are there any serious but rare side effects associated with taking Enteroxol?

Yes, official safety documents highlight certain serious adverse reactions. These include Hemolytic Anemia, which is a particular risk for infants under one month or those with G6PD deficiency. Other serious risks are Hypertensive Crisis (linked to certain food and drug interactions) and the Disulfiram-like Reaction (when taken with alcohol).


Q: How is Enteroxol different from other similar medicines used for the same condition?

Enteroxol is a synthetic, single-ingredient medicine specifically classified as a Nitrofuran antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent. This pharmacological class is designed to provide potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity primarily targeting microbial causes of infection within the gut.


Q: Can Enteroxol cause a change in mood or mental health?

Adverse reactions related to the Nervous System Disorders class are listed in official documents. Due to the drug’s Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) properties, caution is advised with other serotonergic agents that are known to affect mood or mental status.


Q: Does taking Enteroxol typically cause drowsiness or fatigue?

Dizziness and weakness are documented adverse reactions. Because of this, official guidance describes the avoidance of activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving or operating hazardous machinery, until it is clear how the medicine affects the user.


Q: Are there any long-term side effects that are known from using Enteroxol for an extended period?

Research evidence indicates that long-term outcomes are not well-characterized. This is due to limited follow-up durations in the clinical trials that were used for approval. For this reason, certainty regarding sustained effects beyond the typical short treatment course remains low.


Q: Does having kidney problems affect the use of Enteroxol?

Yes, official eligibility documents state that use is restricted for patients with severe renal impairment (a specific measure of kidney function). The medicine is generally not recommended in these cases, and caution must be used.


Q: Can individuals with a history of heart issues take Enteroxol?

The medicine is known to interact with agents that affect the cardiovascular system, such as Sympathomimetic Amines and blood pressure medications. Its use in patients with underlying heart or cardiovascular disorders is subject to specific warnings related to its MAOI activity.


Q: Does Enteroxol interact with any medications commonly prescribed for high blood pressure?

Yes, the medicine has known interactions with certain blood pressure medications. Co-administration with Sympathomimetic Amines is contraindicated due to the risk of hypertensive crisis. Its use alongside other drugs, such as certain beta-blockers, is managed with caution.


Q: What should I do if I accidentally miss a dose of Enteroxol?

Regulatory labeling instructs that if a scheduled dose is missed, the patient must not double the next dose. It is important to adhere strictly to the established dosing schedule to maintain consistent presence of the medicine in the body.


Q: Does Enteroxol affect the results of routine blood tests or lab work?

Due to the documented risk of conditions like Hemolytic Anemia, particularly in specific patient groups, blood and urine tests may be performed during treatment. This monitoring is conducted to check for unwanted effects documented in official safety information.


Q: Why do official documents mention avoiding certain activities while taking Enteroxol?

Official guidance describes the avoidance of activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving or operating hazardous machinery, until it is clear how the medicine affects the user. This warning is based on documented side effects, like dizziness and drowsiness.


Q: What happens if I suddenly stop taking Enteroxol?

It is a fundamental instruction that the full prescribed course is completed. Stopping treatment early may lead to the recurrence or worsening of the original infection.


Q: Is there a generic equivalent of Enteroxol available?

The active ingredient in Enteroxol is Furazolidone, which is classified as a Nitrofuran antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent. This information can be used to inquire about the availability of other products containing the same active substance.

How should Enteroxol be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Enteroxol

The storage and disposal of Enteroxol (Furazolidone) must adhere strictly to regulatory conditions to preserve its quality and ensure safety.

Official Storage Requirements

Requirement Condition
Temperature Store at Controlled Room Temperature (20 C to 25 C).
Protection Keep protected from light and excessive moisture.
Container Store in the original container and keep tightly closed.
Safety Must be kept out of the sight and reach of children.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Enteroxol should not be flushed down the toilet or poured into a drain. The preferred method for disposal is to take the medicine to an authorized drug take-back program or disposal kiosk. If a take-back program is unavailable, follow the official guidance for household disposal, which includes mixing the product with an undesirable substance before placing it in a sealed bag for the trash.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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