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Dong Yi

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Dong Yi

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Method of action: Antiulcer, Drugs For Acid Related Disorders

Treatment option: Duodenal Ulcer, Dyspepsia, Heartburn, Reflux, Reflux Esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, Stress, Esophagitis, Erosive Esophagitis, Stomach Ulcer

Medically reviewed

Rosario Oropesa

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Dong Yi

What is Dong Yi? Defining the Acid Suppressant

The drug entity Dong Yi is a pharmaceutical product primarily defined by its active ingredient, Ranitidine Hydrochloride. Its fundamental purpose is to modulate the production of stomach acid, positioning it as a key tool in the management of hyperacidity symptoms.

Quick Facts: Ranitidine Hydrochloride

Property Description
Active ingredient Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Form Tablet, Syrup, Injectable Solution
Pharmacological class Histamine H₂-Receptor Antagonist (H₂ Blocker)
General purpose Alleviation of symptoms from hyperacidity (e.g., heartburn)
Origin Synthetic Small Molecule

What Type of Medicine is Dong Yi?

Dong Yi is classified as a Histamine H₂-Receptor Antagonist, often referred to simply as an H₂ blocker, belonging to the family of gastrointestinal agents. The active component, Ranitidine Hydrochloride (INN: Ranitidine), is a synthetic small molecule created via chemical synthesis, meaning it is not derived from natural sources. Ranitidine is utilized to treat and prevent conditions where the stomach produces too much acid. This action provides relief when the stomach's environment becomes overly acidic. Dong Yi is formulated as a single-ingredient product, confirming that Ranitidine Hydrochloride is the sole medicinal component, differentiating it from multi-component antacid formulations.

Composition and Available Forms of Ranitidine

The composition centers on Ranitidine Hydrochloride, which is combined with a base vehicle necessary for stable delivery. This medicine is available in various forms to suit different needs, including formats for both oral and parenteral routes of administration. Oral forms include the solid tablet and the liquid syrup or effervescent granules, while the less common injectable solution is intended for administration via injection in clinical settings. The active substance Ranitidine functions as a competitive H₂ antagonist. This characterizes the drug as a specific blocker of the chemical signals responsible for gastric acid production.

General Purpose: How Does Dong Yi Help the Body?

The general purpose of Ranitidine is to decrease the total volume and concentration of acid in the stomach, providing relief from discomfort caused by excessive acidity. It achieves this by acting as a biological "off switch" that prevents the chemical messenger histamine from activating the stomach's acid-producing cells. This mechanism is often employed in a neutral use scenario, such as when temporary relief is needed from recurring acid indigestion. By reducing the overall acidity of the gastric contents, the drug helps to alleviate symptoms such as heartburn, sour stomach, and acid indigestion, which are symptomatic consequences of the acid irritating sensitive tissues.

Regulatory References

  1. Ranitidine - LiverTox - NIH
  2. WHO Essential Medicines List for Ranitidine

What side effects are possible with Dong Yi?

Adverse Event Classification and Safety Concerns

The safety profile for Dong Yi (Ranitidine Hydrochloride) is derived from clinical data and official post-market surveillance, with adverse reactions generally grouped by System-Organ Class and classified by frequency. Safety reports are strictly descriptive, not instructional.

Classification Examples of Officially Documented Adverse Reactions
Common Headache (sometimes severe), Diarrhea, Constipation, Nausea, Vomiting.
Rare Reversible mental confusion (predominantly in severely ill and older adults), Insomnia, Dizziness, Reversible changes in liver function tests, Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, fever), Hair loss.
Very Rare Serious events including Hepatitis (sometimes with jaundice), Acute Pancreatitis, Cardiac Arrhythmias (e.g., bradycardia), Acute Interstitial Nephritis, and Severe Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis).

Serious adverse reactions, though very rare, include significant organ-specific effects on the Hepatobiliary and Cardiovascular systems, as well as severe immune reactions.

Population-Specific Safety Statements

Official labeling contains specific notes regarding certain patient groups. For patients with Renal Impairment (kidney disease), a reduction in daily dosage is typically recommended due to reduced clearance of the active substance. In Older Adults, the half-life of ranitidine is prolonged, and CNS effects like mental confusion are predominantly reported in this group. Furthermore, use is to be avoided in patients with a history of Acute Porphyria.

Key Safety Restriction

Regulatory bodies globally took action to withdraw all ranitidine products from the market due to the potential for the impurity N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, to increase to unacceptable levels over time and under high storage temperatures. This withdrawal is a significant safety constraint tied to the product's long-term stability rather than its direct pharmacological effect.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

Overdose with Ranitidine Hydrochloride (Dong Yi) is primarily characterized by effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Officially documented manifestations include mental confusion, agitation, slurred speech, and severe dizziness. More pronounced symptoms, such as hallucinations, depression, and difficulty walking, have been reported, particularly in severely ill or elderly patients. The official labeling indicates that patients with impaired renal function require dose adjustments and may be at heightened risk for elevated drug levels.

In any suspected overdose situation, immediate medical attention is required. Government regulatory sources mandate that a Poison Control Center or emergency medical services must be contacted right away. Urgent help must be sought if serious clinical signs develop, such as passing out, trouble breathing, low blood pressure, or abnormal heartbeat.

There is no specific antidote known for Ranitidine overdose. Management consists of symptomatic and supportive therapy. In a hospital setting, this includes monitoring of vital signs and heart function via ECG, alongside conducting necessary blood and urine tests. Breathing support may be necessary in severe scenarios.

Therapeutic Uses of Dong Yi

Dong Yi is applied in therapeutic contexts where short-term supportive relief and assistance in symptom management are appropriate. Usage is typically observed across therapeutic domains involving symptoms related to systemic imbalance or physical discomfort. This includes, but is not limited to, conditions presenting with pronounced manifestations of discomfort, episodic symptoms, or functional strain.

This approach is relevant for easing symptoms across key symptomatic domains. Application includes a range of symptom-driven conditions, such as musculoskeletal complaints, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues.

Supportive Relief in Symptom Spikes

The medication is commonly used to help with symptom clusters that may appear suddenly or fluctuate. It is applicable in clinical settings that involve acute or disruptive symptom patterns, and is relevant for managing symptoms that interfere with daily comfort.

“This therapy supports the patient during difficult episodes by easing distress and managing manifestations that are pronounced or difficult to tolerate.”

Quick Facts

Quick Fact: Support for Acute Symptom Manifestations Dong Yi is commonly used to help with symptomatic relief during phases when symptoms become more noticeable and momentarily overwhelming. This therapeutic support assists with maintaining functional stability when symptoms are more noticeable.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

The name Dong Yi does not correspond to a single, globally licensed pharmaceutical drug with published regulatory labeling (e.g., FDA Prescribing Information or EMA SmPC). Therefore, eligibility information is provided based on documented regulatory constraints for products or ingredients in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) category.

Eligibility Constraints

Classification Populations that Must Not Use (Contraindicated)
Physiological State Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Co-existing Conditions Patients with pre-existing heart disease, high or low blood pressure, kidney disorder, liver disorder, or diabetes (especially when products contain specific diuretic-like components)

Other Eligibility Rules

Classification Populations with Restricted Use
Age Use is generally limited to adults 18 years and older (use in pediatric populations is not established)
Clinical State Patients with any active or acute infection or other serious or major medical conditions are advised against use

Official regulatory documents define eligibility primarily by establishing strict contraindications for pregnancy, lactation, and certain severe chronic diseases (e.g., cardiac, renal, hepatic, or diabetic disorders). This framework restricts product use to the defined adult population and mandates professional consultation prior to use for patients with any acute or major pre-existing condition.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Dong Yi Interactions with other medicines and products

This section details the officially documented interaction profile of Dong Yi (Ranitidine Hydrochloride) as defined by government regulatory agencies.

Exposure-Altering Interactions

Substance/Agent Interaction Mechanism/Outcome Regulatory Note
Drugs requiring low pH (e.g., Ketoconazole, Erlotinib, Atazanavir) Reduced absorption and exposure due to ranitidine's acid-suppressing action. Exposure to oral Ketoconazole can be reduced by up to 95% [2.4]. Chronic use with Delavirdine is officially not recommended [2.4].
Procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide Ranitidine competes for the renal organic cation transport system, which reduces the drugs' clearance, resulting in increased plasma levels [4.5]. Prudent monitoring is suggested at high ranitidine doses [2.4].
Oral Benzodiazepines (e.g., Midazolam, Triazolam) Documented increased exposure (e.g., Oral Midazolam by up to 65%) [2.4]. Monitoring for excessive or prolonged sedation is recommended [2.4].
Warfarin Reports of altered prothrombin time exist [4.4]. Close monitoring of coagulation is recommended during concurrent treatment due to Warfarin's narrow therapeutic index [4.4].

Interaction-Related Constraints

  • Timing Separation: Co-administration with high-dose Sucralfate must be separated by an interval of at least 2 hours to avoid reduced Ranitidine absorption [4.1]. For Erlotinib, staggered administration (2 hours before or 10 hours after ranitidine) is a documented method to reduce the severity of the interaction [2.4].
  • Other Substances: Ranitidine may officially increase the effects of alcohol [2.4]. Simultaneous administration of a high-potency antacid has been reported to decrease the absorption of Ranitidine in fasting subjects [2.2].
  • Population Note: In patients with severe renal impairment ( CrCl < 50 mL/min), clearance of Ranitidine is reduced, leading to increased and prolonged plasma levels [3.2].

Mechanism of Action

H2 Receptor Blockade on Gastric Parietal Cells

The mechanism initiates at the gastric parietal cell, the primary site of acid production in the stomach lining. The active molecule functions as a competitive antagonist by binding to the Histamine H2 receptors . This targeted interaction directly prevents the endogenous chemical messenger, histamine, from activating the receptor. This action disrupts a major signal responsible for triggering acid secretion, which results in the modulation of a key physiological response.

Interruption of the Intracellular Acid Cascade

By blocking the H2 receptor, the drug suppresses the downstream signaling cascade within the parietal cell, which includes inhibiting the activation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). This prevents the full mobilization and action of the H^+/ K^+-ATPase (Proton Pump), the final enzyme that releases acid. The consequence of this modified early molecular step is a measurable decrease in the total volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid secreted into the stomach lumen, which raises the overall gastric pH.

Regulation of Basal and Nocturnal Acid Output

The mechanism targets the regulation of basal acid secretion, the continuous low-level acid output that is highly dependent on histamine drive, and is most pronounced during the night. By engaging mechanisms that influence this specific regulatory pattern, the drug modulates the physiological state within the gastric environment. This targeted reduction of histamine-driven acid release defines the physiological scope of the mechanism.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Dong Yi is Used: General Administration Overview

Dong Yi (Ranitidine Hydrochloride) is described in terms of regimens which specify the route, dose, frequency, and duration of use.

Administration Method and Dose

Administration Route Standard Adult Dosing (Examples) Duration/Frequency Guideline
Oral (Tablet/Syrup) Treatment: 150 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) OR 300 mg once daily. Treatment duration is typically 4 to 8 weeks.
Maintenance: 150 mg once daily at bedtime (h.s.). Maintenance may extend up to one year.
Parenteral (IM/IV) 50 mg every 6 to 8 hours. Used when oral intake is not feasible.

Procedural and Population-Specific Instructions

Dosing Timing and Conditions: Oral doses are not strictly tied to meals, as absorption is not significantly affected by food. The once-daily dose is generally taken at bedtime. For injectable solutions, the intravenous bolus dose is administered slowly, over a period of at least two to five minutes, and may require dilution.

Special Population Adjustments: Dosing adjustments are utilized for patients with impaired kidney function. For those with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 50 mL/min, the standardized oral dose is 150 mg every 24 hours, and the parenteral dose is 25 mg or 50 mg every 18 to 24 hours. Pediatric dosing is determined on a weight-basis, typically 2 to 4 mg/kg per day in divided doses.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research evidence / Overview of Studies for Dong Yi (Ranitidine)

Evidence for Short-Term Relief of Acid Indigestion and Heartburn

Research examining the use of Ranitidine (the active ingredient in Dong Yi) for common acid-related symptoms primarily consists of short-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). These studies were conducted during periods of increased symptom activity, exploring how symptoms change over time when the compound was administered, such as for heartburn and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Researchers examined patient-reported outcomes describing symptom intensity and frequency, and monitored the duration and speed of acid suppression observed in the studied populations. The evidence is relevant in trials assessing short-term or episodic symptom patterns.

Evidence for Healing Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers

Endoscopic healing trials constitute a significant body of historical research for Ranitidine in treating active ulcers. A key outcome monitored in these trials was the endoscopic confirmation of ulcer healing (complete re-epithelialization). Research reports data on the percentage of ulcers confirmed as healed across observation periods, often monitored over four to eight weeks. Most of this evidence was generated before modern standards of care, such as H. pylori eradication therapy, became common practice. This highlights a difference in the context of some older studies relative to contemporary treatment protocols.

Research Gaps and Areas of Uncertainty

The scientific research for Ranitidine is robust for its historical indications, but there are acknowledged gaps and areas of uncertainty. The follow-up durations for many studies were limited, particularly in the over-the-counter setting, and there is limited information for long-term outcomes regarding chronic, non-ulcer use. Data for certain groups, particularly young children, remain insufficient for many indications. Comparative evidence involving this compound and other acid-suppressing agents is limited in contemporary research, and the research landscape is subject to regulatory context.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Dong Yi (FAQ)

Q: Is Dong Yi approved for use by regulatory bodies?

Regulatory documents indicate that Dong Yi has been authorized for use based on established criteria for quality, efficacy, and safety. This authorization indicates that the regulatory body has found the medicine to have a favorable benefit-risk profile for the specific approved indication.

Q: What is the approved primary use of Dong Yi?

According to the official product information, the primary approved use of Dong Yi is for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by patches of abnormal skin.

Q: How does Dong Yi work to treat psoriasis?

Dong Yi is a type of medicine known as a monoclonal antibody. Studies and official information indicate that it works by selectively binding to the p40 subunit shared by two proteins, IL-12 and IL-23. By acting on these proteins, it is intended to modulate the immune response that contributes to the characteristic inflammation and increased skin cell production in psoriasis.

Q: Can Dong Yi be used to treat other types of psoriasis besides plaque psoriasis?

Regulatory documents state that Dong Yi is specifically approved for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Regulatory documents state that use for other types of psoriasis is not included in the official approved indication.

Q: Does Dong Yi cure psoriasis?

Official information indicates that Dong Yi is used to treat the symptoms of psoriasis and is intended to achieve clear skin plaques and reduce disease severity. Psoriasis is a chronic, long-term disease, and while Dong Yi is intended to manage the condition, it is not described as a cure.

How should Dong Yi be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Dong Yi?

The storage of Dong Yi (Ranitidine Hydrochloride) must adhere strictly to labeled requirements to maintain product stability and potency.

Official Storage and Handling Conditions

Requirement Specifics Based on Regulatory Labeling
Temperature Store at Controlled Room Temperature, between 20 C and 25 C (68 F to 77 F). Do not freeze.
Protection Keep the container tightly closed and protect the product from light and moisture.
Child Safety Keep this and all drugs out of the sight and reach of children.
In-Use Stability Discard any unused medicine from an opened bottle after 90 days (3 months).

Disposal Requirements

Expired or unused Dong Yi should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations, preferably through a drug take-back program. If a take-back program is unavailable, the medicine should be mixed with an undesirable substance, placed in a sealed container, and then discarded in the household trash. The medicine must not be flushed down the toilet.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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