Citin

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Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Citin

Citin is the brand name for a medicine containing the single, primary active ingredient, Cetirizine Hydrochloride, which functions as a systemic agent to address allergic reactions. It is classified pharmacologically as a second-generation H1-receptor antagonist, designed for oral administration.


Quick Facts: Citin (Cetirizine Hydrochloride)

Property Description
Active ingredient Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Pharmacological class Second-generation H1-receptor antagonist
Origin Synthetic compound
Forms Tablets, Oral solution, Syrup
Common use Relief from hypersensitivity symptoms

What Type of Medicine is Citin?

Citin is an established antihistamine belonging to the second-generation class, and its active component, Cetirizine Hydrochloride, is a synthetic compound. Cetirizine is characterized by a rapid onset of action and a prolonged effect, making it a widely used agent for managing symptoms. This classification distinguishes the compound from older antihistamines: its chemical structure is designed to exhibit high selectivity for peripheral H1 receptors while minimally penetrating the central nervous system. The medicine is consistently manufactured as a single-ingredient product, which simplifies its identity and action profile.

Compositional Forms and General Therapeutic Purpose

Citin is typically provided for oral use in several primary dosage forms, including film-coated tablets and various liquid preparations like oral solutions or syrups. The general therapeutic purpose of this agent is to provide relief from generalized allergic manifestations or hypersensitivity symptoms. The formulation consists of the active Cetirizine Hydrochloride combined with either solid excipients (for tablets) or an aqueous base (for liquids). By selectively targeting the H1 receptors, the drug helps to control the chemical response that triggers irritation and fluid build-up during an allergic reaction.

Regulatory References

  1. National Institutes of Health (NIH)

What side effects are possible with Citin?

Official Safety Profile and Adverse Reactions

The safety profile of Citin (Cetirizine Hydrochloride) is formally categorized by regulatory bodies based on the frequency and type of effects observed in clinical data and post-marketing surveillance. The most frequently documented effects, classified as Common (ge1/100 to <1/10), relate predominantly to the nervous system and general constitution.


Key Frequency Classifications

Classification Examples of Officially Listed Effects
Common Somnolence/Drowsiness, Headache, Fatigue, Dry Mouth
Uncommon Agitation, Diarrhoea, Paraesthesia, Rash
Rare Tachycardia (fast heartbeat), Convulsions/Seizures, Abnormal Hepatic Function (e.g., elevated transaminases, bilirubin)
Very Rare Anaphylactic Shock, Thrombocytopenia

Serious Adverse Reactions and Systemic Constraints

Documented serious adverse reactions, although Rare or Very Rare, include Anaphylactic Shock (an acute allergic reaction) and Convulsions. Official regulatory documents also list Abnormal Hepatic Function and events such as Suicidal Ideation in post-marketing reports, highlighting risks across multiple System-Organ Classes including the Immune System, Nervous System, and Hepatobiliary System.

Safety constraints and special population notes are formally defined in regulatory labels. The medicine is Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the active substance or related compounds, and in those with severe Renal Impairment (End-Stage Renal Disease). Caution is advised in individuals with predisposing factors for Urinary Retention or when used with alcohol or other Central Nervous System depressants due to potential additive effects on alertness. Additionally, the label notes that severe itching (Pruritus) may occur upon discontinuation following extended daily use.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Citin Overdose and when to seek help is defined by the official documentation of specific physiological effects and required emergency actions. Documented overdose presentations include both Central Nervous System (CNS) depression, such as somnolence, drowsiness, and sedation, as well as CNS excitation characterized by agitation, restlessness, tachycardia, and hyperthermia. Severe outcomes like convulsions have been reported in the context of overdose.

Physiological systems affected primarily include the Central Nervous System and the Cardiovascular System. Population-specific notes indicate that overdose incidents in children often resolve spontaneously, though initial signs may include irritability and restlessness before drowsiness.

The regulatory documents mandate immediate action: individuals must seek medical help right away or contact a Poison Control Center right away if more than the recommended dosage has been taken. This is essential for professional assessment and management.

As defined by official regulatory documentation, no known specific antidote to Cetirizine is available. Consequently, the overdose context constrains management to symptomatic or supportive treatment. This may include procedures such as the consideration of gastric lavage shortly after ingestion. The regulatory profile establishes that any ingestion exceeding the labeled dosage is a critical event requiring immediate professional intervention.

Therapeutic Uses of Citin

Citin is applied across therapeutic domains involving allergic hypersensitivity, specifically targeting conditions characterized by disruptive symptom manifestations. It is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed, providing supportive relief that contributes to easing day-to-day comfort during periods of heightened symptoms.

This medicine is commonly used across conditions presenting with acute or episodic changes, including seasonal allergic rhinitis (Hay Fever), perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (hives).

Managing Symptom Clusters

The primary therapeutic benefit involves easing the symptoms that cluster together and create noticeable interference with daily comfort, such as persistent sneezing, runny nose (rhinorrhea), itchy, watery eyes, and intense, generalized itching (pruritus) of the skin. By assisting with the management of these pronounced manifestations, Citin offers symptomatic relief that may help reduce the overall burden of respiratory and ocular distress, and supports patients during difficult episodes by easing skin distress.

“Citin is commonly used in contexts where supportive symptom management is appropriate for symptoms related to heightened physiological activity.”


Quick Fact: Relief for Allergic Discomfort Description
Primary Focus Managing symptoms related to allergic rhinitis and hives (urticaria).
Symptom Domain Helps address symptom clusters that interfere with daily comfort.
Patient Benefit Provides support that helps ease the overall symptom burden and is associated with sustained symptom management.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus overview

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Who Can and Cannot Use Citin?

Absolute Contraindications

Citin use is strictly contraindicated and must not occur in patients with a known hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) to Cetirizine Hydrochloride or any of its inactive ingredients. This prohibition also applies to individuals with a known allergy to related compounds, specifically Hydroxyzine and Levocetirizine.


Population Restrictions and Eligibility

Age Groups: The medicine is generally approved for use starting at 6 months of age for certain indications. Use is not established for children under 6 months of age. For older adults (ge 65 years), use is conditional and warrants caution due to expected age-related changes in drug clearance.

Organ Function: Eligibility is restricted for populations with impaired drug clearance. Patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (kidney disease) or hepatic impairment (liver disease) are eligible, but their use is conditional and subject to regulatory guidance on reduced clearance.

Reproductive Status: Use during pregnancy is restricted to only if clearly needed. The regulatory status classifies use for nursing mothers as not recommended, as the substance is known to pass into breast milk.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

The interaction profile for Citin (Cetirizine Hydrochloride) is officially documented by regulatory authorities, focusing on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects.

Documented Pharmacodynamic Interactions

Co-use with certain substances may result in an additive impairment of central nervous system (CNS) performance and alertness. This pharmacodynamic interaction is specifically noted with:

  • Alcohol (Ethanol)
  • Other CNS Depressants (such as sedatives or tranquilizers)

Combining Citin with these substances may lead to additional reductions in performance, as stated in official labeling.

Documented Pharmacokinetic Interactions

Official documents describe interactions that may alter the concentration or clearance of Cetirizine:

Interacting Substance Official Effect Classification
Theophylline (400 mg once daily) Reduced clearance of Cetirizine (approximately 16% decrease).
Food (General) Decreases the rate of absorption, but does not affect the total extent of absorption.

Population-Specific Interaction Notes

Official labeling includes notes on how physiological conditions affect drug clearance, thereby influencing exposure and interaction risk. Patients with documented Hepatic Impairment or Renal Impairment exhibit reduced drug clearance. This reduction prolongs the drug’s presence in the body, increasing the potential for elevated plasma concentrations.

Mechanism of Action

How Citin Works


Selective H1 Receptor Antagonism

Citin's mechanism centers on the high-affinity, selective competitive antagonism of the peripheral Histamine H1 receptor ( H1 R), primarily on vascular and nerve tissue. This key action interrupts the rapid H1 R-mediated signaling cascade, which quickly interrupts histamine-induced signal transmission in sensory nerve endings and blood vessels.


Regulation of Fluid and Cell Extravasation

The H1 R blockade on vascular endothelial cells directly prevents histamine-induced increase in microvascular permeability, thereby decreasing the extravasation of fluid and protein into surrounding tissues. This action is reinforced by an H1 R-independent mechanism that modulates the movement and recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as inhibiting the chemotaxis of eosinophils.


Pharmacological Peripheral Selectivity

The molecule is structurally designed for restricted passage across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), ensuring its activity is predominantly confined to peripheral pathways rather than the central nervous system. This high peripheral selectivity is a characteristic feature of the mechanism, resulting in modulation primarily of the peripheral histamine response.

Dosage and Administration Information

Citin is generally administered via the oral route, available as tablets (typically 5 mg or 10 mg), syrup, or oral solution. Specialized formulations also allow for intravenous administration in acute clinical settings and ophthalmic use as eye drops. The standard regimen for adults and adolescents (12 years and older) involves taking 10 mg once daily, which is the maximum recommended dose in a 24-hour period. For less severe symptoms, a starting dose of 5 mg once daily may be appropriate.

The official schedule for pediatric patients (6 to 11 years) may involve a divided dose of 5 mg twice daily, depending on regional authorization, but the total daily dose remains under the 10 mg maximum. Citin can be taken with or without food, as ingestion is not dependent on meal timing, and tablets should be swallowed whole with water.

Specific official modifications to the schedule are required for patients with impaired kidney function; for moderate impairment, the dose is reduced to 5 mg once daily, and for severe impairment, it is often reduced to 5 mg every two days. If a regular dose is missed, patients are instructed to skip the missed dose and resume the schedule at the usual time, without taking two doses at once. These instructions standardize the 10 mg once-daily protocol, ensuring appropriate administration based on patient age and kidney function.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research evidence / Overview of studies for Citin

The available research for Citin (Cetirizine Hydrochloride) is extensive, primarily drawing from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews that were conducted during the product's clinical evaluation. The research base primarily consists of studies that explored two major areas: symptoms related to the airways and eyes, and symptoms associated with the skin. This overview describes the structure and scope of those studies, remaining strictly descriptive of the findings and limitations.


Research Evidence for Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

The majority of the evidence is derived from numerous short-term RCTs that was observed in responses over defined time intervals, with many lasting up to 4 to 6 weeks. These studies used standardized methods to measure outcomes related to systemic or functional imbalance, such as the Total Symptom Score (TSS), and explored changes in health-related Quality of Life (QOL). For Perennial Allergic Rhinitis, studies were often extended to intermediate follow-up durations (up to 12 weeks). The research helps contextualize how patients reported their experience related to these conditions characterized by fluctuating or episodic manifestations.


Research Evidence for Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Hives)

The research for symptoms associated with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) was built upon multiple Randomized Controlled Trials. Studies primarily used the Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) as the main outcome measure, which assesses the intensity of wheals (hives) and pruritus (itching). Research explored short-term symptom changes, and evidence also exists from studies that monitored responses in patients whose symptoms persisted despite standard initial treatment. Research describes the specific symptom patterns measured when the active compound was studied for varying exposures compared to controls.


Long-Term Study Duration and Follow-up

The majority of the pivotal evidence for Citin stems from short-term to intermediate-term trials, typically ranging from a few weeks up to 12 weeks. Therefore, long-term effects are not fully established by controlled studies extending over multiple years. Available data beyond the trial window is limited; the follow-up durations were limited in many of the key trials used for initial evaluation.


Evidence Gaps and Areas of Uncertainty

Comparative evidence exploring the compound against all other currently available treatments in identical trial settings is limited. This means that subgroup findings are uncertain when attempting to make broad statements about relative performance. Data for certain groups, such as patients with specific comorbidities, or those whose symptoms persisted despite initial treatment, are often synthesized from smaller studies, meaning that the results apply only to the populations studied and generalizability is not fully established.

Key Studies & References

  1. Randomized, placebo-controlled study of cetirizine and loratadine in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis
  2. Cetirizine: Package Insert / Prescribing Information (FDA DailyMed Label)
  3. A Comparison of Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Cetirizine and Desloratadine in 6-12-Year-Old Children with Allergic Rhinitis

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Citin (FAQ)


Q: How quickly can a person expect Citin to start working?

Official product information indicates that the effects of Citin generally begin relatively quickly, often within approximately 30 minutes after taking the oral dose. The overall effect of the medicine is typically expected to last for about a day, supporting the standard once-daily regimen.


Q: Is it okay to drive while taking Citin?

Regulatory warnings describe the need for caution regarding driving a car or operating machinery until a person is aware of how Citin may affect their performance. This is based on the potential risk of effects such as drowsiness (somnolence) noted in the safety profile.


Q: What is the main difference between Citin and Drug X (a similar drug)?

Citin is classified as a second-generation H1 antihistamine. It is described as crossing the blood-brain barrier to a significantly lesser extent than older, first-generation drugs, a characteristic that is associated with minimal sedation.


Q: Can older adults use Citin?

For older adults (generally ge 65 years), official guidance states that the drug may be subject to caution, and dose reduction is often considered by healthcare providers. This is because the body's clearance of the drug can be reduced due to age-related changes in organ function.


Q: Why do some people say Citin caused them to gain weight?

While not listed as a common side effect in official labeling, some research studies have observed an association between the long-term use of H1 antihistamines (the drug class Citin belongs to) and changes in Body Mass Index (BMI). This observation is proposed to be associated with how the medicine influences H1 receptors, which play a role in appetite regulation.


Q: Can Citin cause changes in mood or behavior?

Official post-marketing reports list various psychological and nervous system effects. These can include uncommon events like agitation, as well as rare reports of more serious effects such as depression, hallucinations, and suicidal ideation.


Q: What does the drug label say about using Citin during nursing/breastfeeding?

Regulatory documents state that the use of Citin is not recommended for nursing mothers because the active substance is known to pass into breast milk.


Q: What happens if you suddenly stop taking Citin?

Regulatory agencies have issued warnings regarding a rare risk of severe itching, known as pruritus, that can occur within a few days of stopping Citin following long-term daily use. This specific reaction is noted in the official safety profile.


Q: Can Citin be used by people with kidney problems?

Use in individuals with kidney problems is generally subject to professional medical oversight, as the official dose requires reduction for moderate impairment. Furthermore, the drug is contraindicated (should not be used) in cases of severe renal disease.


Q: Is Citin a daily medicine or only taken as needed?

The standard regimen described in official documents is to take Citin once daily at the established dose. It is not typically described as a medicine taken only on an as-needed basis for intermittent symptoms.


Q: Can Citin affect sleep patterns?

Official labeling lists Somnolence (drowsiness) as a common effect. Other effects related to sleep that have been reported include insomnia (difficulty sleeping) and general sleep disorder.


Q: Is Citin approved for use in children?

Citin is approved for use in certain indications for children starting from 6 months of age. Specific dosing regimens are defined for different pediatric age groups, such as those from 6 months to 5 years and 6 to 11 years.


Q: Does Citin lose effectiveness over time?

Information derived from research contexts suggests that the development of tolerance (a loss of effectiveness) to this class of medication is uncommon. If symptoms return, other clinical factors, such as a worsening condition or environmental changes, are often considered.


Q: What are the official restrictions for people with heart conditions using Citin?

Official labeling for the single-ingredient product lists Tachycardia (a fast heartbeat) as a rare adverse reaction. For individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, caution is noted in official contexts, and use may require professional medical oversight.


Q: Can I take Citin if I am lactose intolerant?

Some tablet formulations of Citin contain inactive ingredients such as lactose monohydrate. Regulatory documents indicate that patients with known lactose intolerance or related hereditary problems may need to avoid this specific formulation.


Q: Is Citin known to interact with common allergy medications?

Official warnings indicate that Citin may lead to an additive impairment of central nervous system (CNS) performance when taken with other CNS depressants. This group can include certain types of other allergy medications, tranquilizers, or sedatives.


Q: What does 'Citin may cause photosensitivity' mean?

The term photosensitivity describes an increased skin reaction when exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet light. This effect is listed in post-marketing reports as an adverse reaction for Citin, though the frequency of this occurrence is not known.

How should Citin be stored and disposed of?

Storage and Disposal Requirements for Citin (Cetirizine Hydrochloride)

Citin must be stored in accordance with official labeling to maintain stability. The medicine should be kept at Controlled Room Temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F), and must not be frozen. Products must be protected from excessive light and moisture and stored in the original container, with liquids kept tightly closed.

Child Safety and Disposal

It is a mandatory requirement to keep all forms of Citin out of the sight and reach of children.

Disposal of unused or expired medicine must follow local requirements. Official regulatory guidance often advises against disposing of the product via wastewater or ordinary household trash. If instructed, unused medicine should be returned to a pharmacy or collection point.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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