Voltarol

Quick links to important sections

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Voltarol

What is Voltarol?

Voltarol is a brand of medication used primarily to manage pain and reduce inflammation. It belongs to a class of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The active ingredient in Voltarol products is diclofenac, which works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins—chemicals in the body that signal pain and cause swelling at the site of an injury.

Formulations

Voltarol is available in several different formats to address varying types of pain. These include:

  • Topical Gels: Applied directly to the skin over the affected area, these allow the medication to penetrate the underlying tissues. They are frequently used for localized joint and muscle pain.
  • Medicated Plasters: These are adhesive patches that provide a continuous release of the active ingredient to a specific area over a set period.
  • Oral Tablets: These are systemic treatments where the medication is absorbed into the bloodstream to address pain and inflammation throughout the body.

Primary Uses

The medication is most commonly used for conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system. This includes the relief of discomfort associated with:

  • Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
  • Muscle strains and ligament sprains
  • Back and neck pain
  • Tendonitis and bursitis
  • General sports injuries

By targeting the inflammatory process, Voltarol helps to improve physical mobility and reduce the sensitivity of the affected area.

Regulatory References

  1. Diclofenac: MedlinePlus Drug Information
  2. WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines

What side effects are possible with Voltarol?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information: Voltarol (Diclofenac)

Voltarol (diclofenac), like other Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), is associated with a risk of serious and potentially fatal adverse events, which generally increase with higher doses and longer duration of use. Healthcare authorities mandate using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration.

Serious Adverse Reactions

System-Organ Class Serious Adverse Events (Systemic Use)
Cardiovascular Increased risk of serious thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke, which can be fatal. Contraindicated for peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Gastrointestinal Inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal and may occur without warning symptoms.
Dermatologic Severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), and exfoliative dermatitis, which can be fatal.
Hepatic/Renal Hepatotoxicity (liver damage/failure) and renal injury (e.g., renal papillary necrosis). Blood pressure and liver/renal function should be monitored during treatment.

Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions

Common side effects often involve the Gastrointestinal system (e.g., abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea), Nervous System (e.g., headache, dizziness), and Skin (e.g., rash). Topical formulations most commonly cause application site reactions, such as dermatitis.

Safety Considerations and Contraindications

Voltarol is contraindicated in patients with a history of allergic-type reactions (e.g., asthma, urticaria) after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs, and in those with active gastrointestinal ulceration, bleeding, or perforation. Use is also contraindicated in the last trimester of pregnancy (from 30 weeks gestation) due to risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help — Official Regulatory Information

Overdose Scope

Property Official Regulatory Statement (Diclofenac)
Documented Overdose Presentations Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, headache, dizziness, somnolence, and tinnitus.
Physiological Systems Affected Gastrointestinal system (risk of haemorrhage), Renal system (acute failure), Hepatic system (damage), and Central Nervous System (CNS).
Population-specific Overdose Notes Severe consequences may have more serious outcomes in the elderly. Caution is also warranted in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function.
Emergency-Response Statements Seek immediate medical attention for any suspected overdosage. Contact emergency services for severe manifestations.
When immediate medical help is required Urgent help is required when severe or life-threatening symptoms manifest, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, convulsions, coma, or signs of acute renal failure.

Overdose Classifications (High-Level)

Property Official Regulatory Statement (Diclofenac)
Severity Classification Risks range from common symptoms to severe or life-threatening outcomes, including organ damage.
Regulatory Basis Based on the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), FDA Prescribing Information, and equivalent national authority monographs.
Overdose-Context Constraints No specific antidote is known. Management relies entirely on symptomatic and supportive treatment, with measures such as activated charcoal or gastric lavage being conditional upon the ingestion amount and time.

Resulting Overdose Structure

Official Overdose Statements:

  • Overdosage frequently presents with gastrointestinal disturbances, and may progress to severe CNS effects like convulsions or coma.
  • Potential outcomes include acute renal failure and hepatic damage, necessitating careful monitoring of these organ systems.
  • Immediate medical attention must be sought for any suspected overdose to initiate supportive care, as the official documentation confirms no specific antidote is available.

Connection to the Overall Overdose Profile:

Regulatory documents define the overdose profile by listing the expected initial manifestations and detailing the potential for severe, organ-specific toxicity. This framework mandates seeking urgent medical attention to ensure immediate implementation of officially described symptomatic and supportive procedures, with required hospital monitoring for vital signs and organ function.

Therapeutic Uses of Voltarol

What Voltarol Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Voltarol is commonly used to help with symptoms related to inflammatory or irritative states, such as pain, stiffness, and discomfort, and is relevant within several therapeutic contexts. It may assist with easing these symptoms of arthritis.

The medication is relevant in conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms or disruptive manifestations that occur episodically. This includes chronic disorders like Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis, as well as acute episodes such as soft-tissue injuries (sprains and strains), post-procedural discomfort, and specific episodic pain states like migraine attacks and Primary Dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).

It is applied in contexts where additional symptomatic support is needed, contributing to easing the overall symptom load during difficult episodes and supports general well-being during symptomatic phases.

“Used across domains where short-term symptom management is appropriate, the medicine is applied in addressing symptom clusters that may become intense or disruptive.”


Quick Fact: Relief for Inflammation and Stiffness The medication may assist with managing symptoms that interfere with daily functioning by easing the discomfort and swelling commonly associated with conditions like chronic joint disease and acute soft-tissue trauma.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus overview

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Voltarol (Diclofenac) eligibility is strictly defined by regulatory authorities based on official patient characteristics and clinical risk profiles. The medicine is not suitable for all populations.

Absolute Contraindications

The medication is formally contraindicated and must not be used in specific patient groups. This includes individuals with known hypersensitivity to diclofenac, aspirin, or other NSAIDs, such as those with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Use is also prohibited for patients with established severe conditions, including severe hepatic or renal failure, active gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding, and severe cardiovascular disease (NYHA Class II-IV or established vascular disease). It is also contraindicated for pain following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery.

Age and Physiological Restrictions

Voltarol is generally not recommended for children and adolescents under 14 years of age for most systemic forms due to dosage limitations or lack of established data. For the elderly, caution is indicated due to a heightened risk of gastrointestinal and renal adverse events. Diclofenac is contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy (from 30 weeks gestation), and use is officially restricted from the 20th week due to potential fetal risks.

Conditional Use

Use requires special caution and medical supervision in patients with established cardiovascular risk factors (like hypertension), mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal impairment, or pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions such as Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

The official interaction profile for Diclofenac (Voltarol) is defined by its potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions documented in government regulatory sources.


Interaction Classifications (High-Level)

Classification Examples of Interacting Substances/Contexts
Contraindicated Perioperative pain in the setting of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery.
Requires Separation Co-administration with Mifepristone requires a separation of 8 to 12 days.
Exposure Modification Lithium, Digoxin, Methotrexate, and Voriconazole.
Additive Risk Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin) and Antiplatelet Agents (e.g., Aspirin).

Official Interaction Statements

Co-administration with other systemic NSAIDs is advised against due to the risk of additive adverse effects. The interaction with Anticoagulants and SSRIs is officially documented as increasing the risk of serious bleeding. Diclofenac's interaction with Diuretics and ACE-Inhibitors/ARBs can diminish their therapeutic effects and is a greater concern in elderly or renally impaired patients. Co-administration with Voriconazole is documented to increase the plasma concentration (AUC and Cmax) of diclofenac, a pharmacokinetic interaction mediated by CYP enzyme inhibition. Alcohol use is noted to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Mechanism of Action

How Voltarol Works: Mechanism of Action

Diclofenac (the active ingredient in Voltarol) is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that functions primarily by binding to and inhibiting the activity of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically both COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms. This binding represents the initial molecular interaction at the biological target.

The COX enzymes are critical for converting arachidonic acid, a lipid substrate, into various intermediate and terminal products, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes. By inhibiting COX activity, the drug modulates the eicosanoid pathway. This action immediately restricts the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin biosynthesis, resulting in a systemic reduction in the overall concentration of these signaling molecules.

Prostaglandins are key local mediators in cellular communication and are integral to the processes that constitute inflammation. The consequential decrease in prostaglandin concentration leads to a modified systemic response. This inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators is the core physiological effect that results from the initial enzyme-target interaction.

Dosage and Administration Information

Voltarol (diclofenac) is administered through diverse routes, including oral (tablets, capsules, powder), topical (gel, patch), intravenous (IV), and rectal (suppositories). The specific route and dosing schedule are defined by the formulation being used. Frequency patterns range from once daily for extended-release oral forms to four times daily for topical applications, or every 6 hours for certain acute IV regimens.

The daily dosage maximums vary by condition and formulation. For oral delayed-release tablets, the maximum daily dose is typically 150 mg per day for Osteoarthritis and up to 225 mg per day for Rheumatoid Arthritis. The overarching principle guiding usage is to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration necessary to manage symptoms.

Specific administration conditions apply for proper use. For instance, extended-release tablets are intended to be swallowed whole and not crushed, split, or chewed to maintain their intended release profile. Furthermore, the 50 mg oral solution powder is mixed with 1 to 2 ounces of plain water and consumed on an empty stomach immediately after preparation. High-level population considerations may apply, such as initiating treatment at the lowest dose for patients with hepatic impairment.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Voltarol


Evidence for Use in Chronic Inflammatory Joint Conditions

Adults with conditions such as Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and Ankylosing Spondylitis were the focus of research for Voltarol (diclofenac). The research base for the oral tablet formulations relies heavily on Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), where symptom changes were measured against inactive placebos or other standard treatments. The research examined outcomes related to physical discomfort, measures of joint stiffness, and outcomes reflecting daily functioning.

What remains uncertain is the comprehensive long-term data from controlled trials. While some observational settings describe medication use over periods of up to a year, the follow-up durations were limited in many controlled studies when considering the long-term nature of these conditions. Limited information for long-term outcomes means that the question of how long any observed symptom change is maintained is not fully established from the highest-quality research.


Evidence for Use in Localized Pain from Osteoarthritis (Topical Forms)

Research explored the use of the topical forms of Voltarol, such as gels, in patients with localized pain, mainly in joints affected by Osteoarthritis, such as the knee and hand. These studies primarily consisted of placebo-controlled RCTs, where the active formulation was compared to a non-medicated control gel. The studies monitored patient-reported outcomes describing perceived discomfort and the proportion of people who achieved a significant measured change in pain levels.

Evidence is limited for the use of topical preparations in chronic painful conditions other than Osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the results apply only to the populations studied, meaning that comprehensive data on the use of topical diclofenac for larger joints, like the hip, are still emerging. Comparative evidence is lacking to definitively describe the experience of the topical forms against the oral forms in the same joint setting.


Evidence in Special Populations

Research examined Voltarol in several distinct patient groups beyond the general adult population.

Specific studies were evaluated in pediatric populations (children and adolescents) in controlled settings, particularly for conditions associated with acute pain. For older adults, this group is often included in the large RCTs and observational studies, but data for certain groups remain insufficient when looking at specific frailty levels or complex comorbid conditions. Comparative evidence is lacking to fully describe the experience of Voltarol in pregnant or breastfeeding populations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Voltarol (FAQ)

Q: Is Voltarol the same as other painkillers like ibuprofen?

A: No, Voltarol (diclofenac) and ibuprofen are not the same medicine, although both are classified as Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). They are different chemical compounds and official product information states they have distinct risk profiles. Regulatory documents advise against taking multiple NSAIDs at the same time.

Q: Can I take Voltarol if I am already taking blood pressure medication?

A: Official product information indicates that diclofenac may reduce the effectiveness of certain antihypertensive medications, including diuretics (water pills), ACE-inhibitors, ARBs, and beta-blockers. Regulatory documents state that blood pressure may require monitoring if these medicines are used together.

Q: For how long can someone typically use Voltarol safely?

A: Official guidance is to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration consistent with individual treatment goals. For acute (short-term) use, some dosage forms may have a time limit, such as 7 days, if symptoms persist. Follow the duration advice provided in the product labeling.

Q: Is Voltarol safe to use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?

A: According to official product information, Voltarol is contraindicated (must not be used) during the third trimester of pregnancy (starting at 30 weeks). Use during the first and second trimesters is generally described as being for the shortest duration and lowest dose possible. Small amounts of the medicine are described as passing into breast milk.

Q: Are there any specific foods or drinks to avoid while taking Voltarol?

A: Official product information states that alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, some specific oral formulations, like the powder for oral solution, are explicitly instructed to be taken on an empty stomach with plain water for proper absorption.

Q: Is it normal to feel dizzy or drowsy after taking Voltarol?

A: Yes, official product labeling for some formulations lists dizziness and drowsiness as reported adverse reactions (side effects). Official warnings state that driving or operating heavy machinery should be avoided if affected by these reactions.

Q: What are the differences in how the gel and the tablet forms of Voltarol work?

A: The key difference is the level of absorption in the body. The oral forms (tablets) are designed for full systemic absorption, meaning the medicine is distributed throughout the body. In contrast, the topical forms (gels) are designed for localized pain relief, resulting in significantly lower systemic absorption, which helps reduce the risk of systemic side effects.

Q: Is Voltarol suitable for treating pain after surgery?

A: Voltarol is formally contraindicated (must not be used) for treating pain that occurs immediately after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Official documents state that the use of Voltarol for post-surgical pain other than CABG requires specific professional consideration.

Q: How long does it typically take for Voltarol to start working?

A: According to patient information from official sources, oral forms (tablets or capsules) typically begin to provide pain relief within 20 to 30 minutes. Topical forms (gels or patches), which work locally through the skin, may take 1 to 2 days to achieve their full effectiveness.

Q: What should I do if I miss a dose of Voltarol?

A: Official guidance is to skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule if the next dose is due soon. If it is close to the time for the next scheduled dose, the previous one should be skipped. Taking a double dose is not recommended.

Q: Can Voltarol be used to treat headaches?

A: Official regulatory indications for certain formulations of diclofenac, such as the oral solution powder, specifically list the acute treatment of migraine attacks (with or without aura) in adults. The medicine's indications for migraine are limited to acute treatment.

Q: Does Voltarol have an effect on sleep?

A: Official product labeling for some diclofenac formulations lists insomnia (difficulty sleeping) as an adverse reaction. Insomnia is listed as an adverse reaction for some formulations.

Q: Can Voltarol affect fertility?

A: Official product information, consistent with other NSAIDs, states that diclofenac may potentially impair female fertility by interfering with ovulation. This effect is described as reversible upon stopping the medicine. Patients trying to conceive are often advised to consider discontinuing use, as the effect is reversible upon stopping.

Q: Is Voltarol used for treating nerve pain?

A: Voltarol is primarily indicated for pain and inflammation related to muscles, bones, and joints. Official documents describing the indications for Voltarol generally do not list nerve pain (neuropathic pain).

Q: Does the application site for Voltarol gel matter?

A: Yes, the application site instructions are important for safety. Official patient instructions state the gel must not be applied to areas of broken skin (such as cuts or open wounds), skin infections, or rash/eczema. Hands should always be washed after application unless the hands are the area being treated.

Q: How is Voltarol typically removed from the body?

A: According to official pharmacokinetic information, the active ingredient, diclofenac, is mainly broken down (metabolized) in the liver. It is then eliminated from the body primarily through excretion in the urine (about two-thirds of the dose) and the rest through bile.

Q: Can Voltarol increase sensitivity to the sun?

A: Yes, official warnings advise that topical formulations of Voltarol may increase the risk of photosensitivity (increased sun sensitivity). Patients are cautioned to avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (such as tanning beds) on the treated area.

Q: Is it possible to become dependent on Voltarol?

A: Voltarol is a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and is not an opioid. Official patient resources generally state that diclofenac is not addictive.

Q: What are the most common reasons people stop taking Voltarol?

A: Official documents and common patient reporting indicate that the most frequent reasons for stopping treatment include gastrointestinal side effects (like stomach upset or nausea), the risk of serious cardiovascular events, and in some cases, simply a lack of sufficient pain relief.

Q: Can Voltarol interact with herbal supplements?

A: Official patient resources often advise that there is generally not enough regulatory information to definitively confirm the safety of taking herbal remedies and supplements with diclofenac. Patients are typically advised to consult a healthcare professional regarding specific non-prescription products.

Q: Is Voltarol suitable for general muscle soreness?

A: Official indications and patient resources state that Voltarol is used for the symptomatic relief of aches and pains, including problems with joints, muscles, and bones. This use extends to treating post-traumatic pain such as sprains, strains, and general muscle soreness.

Q: Is it common for people to switch from Voltarol to another drug?

A: Some official patient guides note that for long-term use of NSAIDs, a healthcare provider might recommend switching to a different medicine like ibuprofen or naproxen. This is often noted in patient guides as being related to the official risk profile for cardiovascular side effects.

How should Voltarol be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Voltarol

Official regulatory labeling dictates strict rules for the storage and disposal of Voltarol (Diclofenac) to maintain product integrity and environmental safety.


Storage Requirements

Voltarol must be stored out of the sight and reach of children. The medicine requires environmental control, specifically by storing at temperatures not exceeding 30°C and not freezing the gel or solution formulations. To protect the active ingredient from degradation, the product must be kept in its original container and outer carton to shield it from light. All formulations should not be used after the expiry date printed on the packaging.


Disposal Instructions

Used or expired Voltarol must not be disposed of via standard household waste or wastewater (e.g., sinks or toilets). The mandatory procedure is to return the unused product to a pharmacist or an authorized collection point for proper pharmaceutical waste handling, ensuring it does not enter the aquatic environment.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

Available in countries:

Equivalent of Voltarol found in:

A-Z Index: