tregor

Quick links to important sections

Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of tregor

What is Tregor? Defining the Nature and Classifications of Amantadine Hydrochloride

Property Description
Active Ingredient Amantadine Hydrochloride
Form Capsule, Tablet, Syrup
Pharmacological Class Antiparkinsonian Agent, Antiviral Agent
General Purpose Support movement control and counter a specific virus
Origin Synthetic (Adamantane Derivative)

What Type of Medicine is Tregor (Amantadine Hydrochloride)?

Tregor is a prescription-only medication defined by its active component, Amantadine Hydrochloride, a synthetic entity classified with a unique dual pharmacological role as both an antiparkinsonian agent and an antiviral agent. Amantadine is chemically identified as a polycyclic amine derived from the adamantane scaffold, supplied as the hydrochloride salt. This dual categorization is critical, setting it apart from drugs that serve a single purpose; it functions within the central nervous system to affect motor control and is clinically recognized for its utility in mitigating certain movement challenges. This unique composition and classification ensure its established use in two distinct therapeutic domains.

Amantadine's Dual Purpose and General Action

The general purpose of Amantadine Hydrochloride is based on its ability to modulate the activity of neurotransmitters and viral processes. Its primary physiological action involves enhancing dopaminergic transmission by promoting the release and inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine in the brain, a mechanism relevant to supporting balance in movement-control pathways. Concurrently, it blocks the essential viral M2 protein ion channel of the Influenza A virus, a separate action that disrupts viral replication. These combined mechanism principles mean the medicine provides benefit by helping to stabilize neurotransmitter function, relevant for individuals experiencing movement imbalances, and by counteracting the replication of the targeted virus.

Forms, Release Type, and Core Composition

Amantadine Hydrochloride is administered via the oral route and is supplied as a single-ingredient product in several pharmaceutical preparations, including capsules, tablets, and a liquid syrup form. The availability of dosage forms in both immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (ER) types is a differentiating factor, as it allows for customized drug delivery kinetics—either rapid systemic availability or sustained release over time. The fundamental composition involves the active Amantadine Hydrochloride combined with either solid excipients for the tablet and capsule forms or an aqueous vehicle for the syrup, allowing for flexible systemic delivery options suitable for various patient groups.

Regulatory References

  1. Amantadine: MedlinePlus Drug Information

What side effects are possible with tregor?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The safety profile of Tregor (Amantadine Hydrochloride) is categorized by frequency and the body system affected, based strictly on documentation from government regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the EMA. This framework formally outlines potential adverse reactions.


Adverse Reaction Scope

Classification Examples of Reactions System-Organ Classes
Common Nausea, Insomnia, Dizziness, Peripheral edema, Livedo reticularis, Dry mouth, Constipation, Confusion, Hallucinations Nervous System Disorders, Gastrointestinal Disorders, Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Rare Cardiac arrhythmias, Leukopenia, Suicidal ideation, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) Cardiac Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders

Safety-Related Restrictions and Patterns

Official labeling documents specific limitations and patterns of risk. Serious adverse reactions that have been documented include Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Suicidal ideation or attempt. The risk of certain central nervous system (CNS) effects, such as confusion and hallucinations, may be higher at the initiation of treatment or during dose escalation. Conversely, effects such as Livedo reticularis and Peripheral edema are sometimes associated with long-term exposure.

Population-specific safety considerations are noted for Older Adults, who may be more susceptible to CNS-related adverse reactions. Furthermore, the medicine is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment due to its primary excretion pathway.


Regulatory Safety Summary

This official safety information structures the understanding of risks by categorizing adverse reactions based on their frequency and the physiological systems affected, clearly separating common events from serious adverse reactions. The regulatory data also explicitly defines safety concerns specific to vulnerable populations and phases of treatment, which establishes the formal boundaries for the medicine's use as determined by government authorities.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help

The official regulatory profile for tregor (Amantadine Hydrochloride) overdose is defined by specific, severe clinical manifestations and life-threatening systemic risks. Documented overdose presentations often involve significant Central Nervous System effects, including confusion, delirium, acute psychosis, visual hallucinations, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, convulsions (seizures), and coma. Autonomic signs such as dilated pupils, arrhythmia, hypertension, and urine retention are also consistently reported.

Overdose is classified as severe or life-threatening due to the documented risk of serious outcomes, including cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death, and severe respiratory distress, such as pulmonary oedema or Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Fatal outcomes have occurred, particularly in cases involving underlying renal impairment, as toxicity risk is heightened in patients with kidney disease due to diminished clearance.

Regulatory guidance mandates that emergency medical attention must be sought immediately if an overdose is suspected. This action is required when specific signs such as collapse, seizure, difficulty breathing, an irregular or fast heartbeat, or inability to be awakened are observed.

Management is non-specific, as regulatory labeling states that no specific antidote is known. Procedures include continuous monitoring of vital signs (including ECG), decontamination measures like activated charcoal or gastric lavage, and symptomatic support for CNS effects.

Therapeutic Uses of tregor

Tregor is considered relevant across two distinct clinical domains, helping manage symptoms related to increased neurological or muscular activity and being relevant when supportive symptom management is appropriate for a specific viral illness. Tregor is commonly used across conditions presenting with episodic or fluctuating manifestations, including the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, involuntary movements like dyskinesia and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, and for the management or prevention of illness caused by the Influenza A virus.

“This therapeutic approach is relevant for supporting functional stability and contributing to easing the overall symptom load when symptoms related to neurological or acute viral issues occur.”

Support for Core Movement Difficulties

Tregor is commonly applied to address the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and related conditions. This usage is relevant for managing symptomatic discomfort linked to the primary motor issues, such as muscle stiffness (rigidity), the characteristic tremor, and the overall slowness of movement. The use in this context may assist with maintaining functional stability, which contributes to improved comfort during symptomatic periods.

Prophylaxis and Symptomatic Relief for Influenza A

Tregor is also used in the domain of infectious disease to target symptoms caused by the Influenza A virus. It is applied both to provide prophylactic assistance during outbreak periods and to offer symptomatic relief for an established illness. This use may assist with easing the overall symptom load and supports the patient during difficult episodes by easing distress associated with acute or disruptive episodes.

Quick Fact: Relief for Motor and Viral Symptom Clusters Tregor is often used during phases when symptoms become more noticeable, providing supportive relief that helps patients cope more steadily with movement difficulties and contributes to improved day-to-day comfort during symptomatic periods, or helps ease acute symptomatic episodes of viral illness.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus Drug Information overview

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

The use of Tregor (Amantadine Hydrochloride) is strictly governed by official regulatory eligibility criteria, defined by contraindications and conditions requiring limited use.

Populations Who Must Not Use the Medicine (Contraindications)

Use is absolutely prohibited for individuals with a known hypersensitivity to Amantadine or its components. Additionally, the medicine is contraindicated for nursing mothers due to its excretion into breast milk, and for patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) for specific extended-release formulations. Some regulatory documents also contraindicate use in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Age-Group and Conditional Restrictions

Use is generally established for the adult population. In children, eligibility is restricted to the Influenza A indication for those typically aged 1 to 12 years; safety and efficacy in infants under one year have not been established. Older adults may use the medicine but often require a lower initial dose due to expected changes in kidney function.

Patients with renal impairment (not yet ESRD) must receive dose adjustments, as Tregor is primarily cleared by the kidneys. Close monitoring is also required for patients with a history of seizures, untreated narrow-angle glaucoma, or congestive heart failure. Use during pregnancy is generally restricted and requires careful consideration of potential risks and benefits.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interaction Profile Summary

The official interaction profile for Tregor (Amantadine) is defined by its pharmacokinetic (PK) clearance pathway and specific pharmacodynamic (PD) effects on the central nervous system (CNS), as documented in regulatory prescribing information.

Formal Restrictions and Warnings

Restriction Category Official Statement
Vaccine Restriction Co-administration with Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines (LAIV) is not recommended due to potential interference with vaccine efficacy.
Substance Restriction Alcohol use is not recommended concurrently, as it may increase the potential for additive CNS effects (e.g., confusion, dizziness).

Documented Drug-Drug Interactions

The most prominent interactions are categorized by their effect on drug levels or CNS activity:

  • Exposure Modification (PK): Amantadine clearance is sensitive to urinary pH. Substances that acidify urine are documented to increase elimination and reduce drug exposure. Conversely, agents that alkalinize urine may reduce elimination and carry a risk of drug accumulation.
  • Additive Effects (PD): Concurrent administration with Other Anticholinergic Drugs may result in increased atropine-like effects. Use with Levodopa may increase confusion, hallucinations, and nightmares.

Population-Specific Consideration

Official pharmacokinetic data documents that Elderly Individuals (age 60 and older) exhibit reduced apparent oral plasma clearance, resulting in increased plasma concentrations of Amantadine.

Mechanism of Action

Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Modulation in the CNS

The molecule influences CNS motor pathways through a dual action. It primarily enhances the dopaminergic system by promoting the release of dopamine from presynaptic nerve terminals and weakly inhibiting its reuptake via the Dopamine Transporter (DAT), which increases available neurotransmitter to influence activity in motor circuits. This action is complemented by a non-competitive antagonism at the ion channel pore of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which dampens excessive glutamatergic excitatory signaling and modulates the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity.

Targeted Disruption of the Viral Replication Cycle

A separate mechanism defines the drug's antiviral capacity. The molecule acts as a structural blocker of the Matrix protein 2 (M2) Ion Channel, a proton ( H^+) channel required for viral function, specific to the Influenza A virus envelope. By preventing the necessary influx of protons, the drug halts the acidification process required for the virus to dissolve its coat (uncoating), thereby preventing the release of viral genetic material and subsequent proliferation.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to Use Tregor (Dapagliflozin/Metformin Extended-Release)

This section outlines the administration guidelines for the Tregor fixed-dose combination.

Administration Details

Item Guideline
Route of Administration Oral (by mouth).
Frequency and Timing Administer once daily in the morning, with food.
Physical Handling The extended-release tablet must be swallowed whole and must not be crushed, cut, or chewed.
Maximum Dosage The maximum recommended daily dose is 10 mg of dapagliflozin and 2,000 mg of metformin HCl.

Dosing and Procedural Rules

Official dosing is individualized and starts with a lower strength for patients not currently on dapagliflozin. For pediatric patients ge 10 years old, the initial recommended dapagliflozin dose is 5 mg once daily.

Missed Dose Instructions: If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible, but if it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once.

Temporary Interruption: The medication must be withheld for at least 3 days (72 hours) prior to major surgery or prior to or at the time of an imaging procedure using iodinated contrast media. The decision to resume the medication is based on clinical stability and the return of normal renal function. Use is not recommended or contraindicated if the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) falls below specific limits, such as 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or below 45 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for initiation of therapy.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research evidence / Overview of studies for tregor

Evidence for Use in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia

This section will summarize the core evidence foundation for the medicine's use in managing involuntary movements associated with Levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease, detailing the highly controlled, short-term trials and the outcomes that researchers focused on.

Tregor was studied for conditions characterized by fluctuating or episodic manifestations in individuals receiving Levodopa therapy. Researchers utilized multiple short-term, double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to examine the compound's use as an add-on therapy. The research monitored outcomes reflecting daily functioning or activity level and outcomes describing episodic or acute changes using standardized rating scales.

Evidence suggests patterns related to how symptoms were reported to evolve in the observed populations, with measured data showing changes in outcomes related to systemic or functional imbalance. It is noted that the long-term effects are not fully established, as follow-up durations were limited in many of the key trials, and the certainty remains low for some extended observations.

Evidence for Use in Primary Parkinson's Disease Symptoms

This part will cover the older clinical trial evidence and reviews that investigated the medicine's role in addressing the foundational motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremor and stiffness, often as an early or add-on therapy.

Older studies primarily focused on outcomes related to physical discomfort and outcomes capturing phases of heightened symptom activity. Findings indicate that research explored specific outcomes monitoring physiological strain or stress. The results apply only to the populations studied, and subgroup findings are uncertain.

Evidence for Use Against the Influenza A Virus

This summary will address the historical research base—comprising controlled trials for prophylaxis and treatment—that established the medicine's activity against the Influenza A Virus, alongside the subsequent epidemiological and virological findings regarding viral resistance.

Historical findings describe patterns observed in the studies consistent with a measurable change in acute symptoms when the medicine was observed in studies against susceptible strains. However, later epidemiological data show patterns related to the widespread emergence of viral resistance, which presents a major limitation to the utility of the historical research. Certainty remains low regarding the current relevance of these historical findings.

Key Studies & References

  1. NICE Guideline: Parkinson's disease in adults
  2. Amantadine Extended-Release in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about tregor (FAQ)


Q: How quickly should a person expect to feel the effects of tregor?

The speed at which a person notices the effects of tregor can vary significantly based on the condition being addressed and whether the immediate-release or extended-release version is used. Studies often monitor outcomes over several weeks of treatment, which indicates that the assessment of effects often occurs over the initial weeks.


Q: Does tregor work right away, or does it build up in the system?

Tregor is available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms, which dictates how the medicine is absorbed into the body. The immediate-release form offers rapid availability, while the extended-release form is designed to provide sustained delivery over a longer period.


Q: Is it normal to feel no difference in the first few weeks of taking tregor?

Official information indicates that the first several weeks of use are typically a period for individual assessment of the medicine's effects. Since research often tracks outcomes over a longer period, it is not uncommon for a person's experience to evolve during the initial phase of treatment.


Q: Can tregor cause changes in a person's appetite or weight?

Regulatory documents list many possible side effects, but neither significant changes in appetite nor changes in body weight are specifically listed among the common or rare adverse reactions associated with this medicine.


Q: Is there a link between tregor and hair loss or skin rash?

The official safety profile for tregor documents a potential skin issue called Livedo reticularis as a common adverse reaction. However, a general skin rash or hair loss is not classified among the officially listed common or rare adverse reactions.


Q: Can tregor be taken at the same time as other daily prescribed medicines?

The official interaction profile lists several types of known risks, including those related to substances that affect acidity in the body, certain CNS-acting drugs, and other medicines. Co-administration with other medicines requires consideration of the entire documented interaction profile.


Q: What is the FDA's pregnancy risk classification for tregor?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has transitioned from the old letter-based risk categories (A, B, C, D, X). Under the current labeling rules, tregor is designated as 'Not Assigned', requiring the product labeling to include a summary of the known human and animal risk data.


Q: Is tregor classified as a controlled substance in the US?

Official government records confirm that the active ingredient in tregor is not classified as a controlled substance under the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) scheduling system.


Q: Does tregor treat other things besides its primary indication?

Yes, the medicine is officially defined by its dual pharmacological role as both an antiparkinsonian agent and an antiviral agent against the Influenza A virus. This unique classification establishes its use in two distinct therapeutic domains.


Q: What happens if a person stops taking tregor suddenly?

Regulatory warnings describe risks associated with the sudden discontinuation of the medicine, especially if taken long-term. Abruptly stopping the medication has been linked to severe complications, including a syndrome resembling Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and a marked worsening of Parkinson's symptoms.


Q: Is tregor meant to be a long-term treatment or short-term?

The intended length of treatment depends entirely on the specific condition being addressed. The medicine has been studied and is used for both short-term treatment of the Influenza A virus and for longer-term management of certain symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.


Q: How long does tregor stay in the system after the last use?

Tregor is primarily cleared from the body by the kidneys, and the rate of clearance can be affected by factors like the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of the urine. Official pharmacokinetic data documents that clearance is reduced in older adults, potentially leading to higher concentrations in the body.


Q: Is it known if tregor affects fertility?

Based on non-human animal studies, regulatory risk summaries indicate that the medicine impaired fertility in both male and female rats. These effects were observed at doses equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose.


Q: Which common over-the-counter pain relievers should be avoided with tregor?

The official interaction profile notes that certain substances that make the urine more acidic (known as urinary acidifiers) can increase the body's rate of eliminating the active ingredient. This mechanism includes certain common over-the-counter pain relievers, which may reduce the medicine's exposure.


Q: Does tregor interact with caffeine or grapefruit products?

Regulatory documents do not list a specific clinical interaction with grapefruit. However, the medicine may have additive Central Nervous System (CNS) effects when used with other CNS stimulants, which could include products containing caffeine.


Q: Is there a generic version of tregor available in the market?

Yes, the active ingredient, Amantadine Hydrochloride, is widely available as a generic medicine. This is offered in various forms and preparations, in addition to the brand-name versions.


Q: What is the difference between tregor and its generic equivalent?

Tregor and its generic equivalent contain the identical active ingredient and are expected to deliver the same clinical effect. Any differences are typically related to the inactive ingredients, the specific cost, and the physical characteristics of the tablet or capsule (e.g., immediate-release vs. extended-release).


Q: How do the benefits of tregor typically outweigh the documented risks?

The official documentation describes the benefits as arising from its dual purpose: supporting movement control through dopaminergic transmission and disrupting the M2 Ion Channel to counter the Influenza A virus. These benefits are balanced against documented risks, which include common CNS side effects and rare but serious reactions like Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS).


Q: What research studies led to the approval of tregor?

The evidence base for the medicine is defined by highly controlled, short-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). These studies specifically examined the compound's use as an add-on therapy for movement disorders and included historical trials that established its activity against the Influenza A Virus.

How should tregor be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Tregor (Amantadine Hydrochloride)

The official regulatory profile for Tregor defines specific requirements for storage and handling to maintain product stability and safety. This information is based on FDA, EMA, and national health authority labeling.

Storage Requirements

Condition Requirement
Temperature Store at controlled room temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F); do not store above 25 C for the syrup form.
Protection Keep the medicine in the original, tightly closed container to protect it from light, moisture, and excessive heat.
Prohibited The product must be protected from freezing.
Child Safety The medicine must be stored out of the sight and reach of children.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Tregor must be disposed of in a manner compliant with Federal, State, and Local regulations. Regulatory instructions explicitly require that the active ingredient must not be allowed to enter sewers or surface water, mandating environmentally regulated disposal procedures.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

Available in countries:

Equivalent of tregor found in:

A-Z Index: