Myositol

A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid (Myositol) is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [PubChem]

Vitamin D3 (Myositol) (Vitamin D2) is a derivative of ergosterol formed by ultraviolet rays breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from cholecalciferol in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.

Folic acid (Myositol) is used in the treatment and prevention of the folate deficiency state. It does not correct folate deficiency due to dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Folic acid (Myositol) is also used in women of child-bearing potential and pregnant women to protect against neural tube defects in their offspring. It is also used for the treatment of folate-deficient megaloblastic anaemia, chronic haemolytic states such as thalassaemia major or sickle-cell anaemia.

Vitamin D3 (Myositol) has an important role in energize the intestinal absorption for calcium and phosphor, to regulate their metabolism and balance in blood. It helps bone calcification. Deficiency of Vitamin D3 (Myositol) in the body causes deficiency of the calcium in the bone, weakness of its resistance and deformity.

Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Folic acid (Myositol) (vitamin B 9) is necessary for strong blood.

Lack of Folic acid (Myositol) may lead to anemia (weak blood). Your health care professional may treat this by prescribing Folic acid (Myositol) for you.

Some conditions may increase your need for Folic acid (Myositol). These include:

• Alcoholism
• Anemia, hemolytic
• Diarrhea (continuing)
• Fever (prolonged)
• Hemodialysis
• Illness (prolonged)
• Intestinal diseases
• Liver disease
• Stress (continuing)
• Surgical removal of stomach

In addition, infants smaller than normal, breast-fed infants, or those receiving unfortified formulas (such as evaporated milk or goat's milk) may need additional Folic acid (Myositol).

Increased need for Folic acid (Myositol) should be determined by your health care professional.

Some studies have found that Folic acid (Myositol) taken by women before they become pregnant and during early pregnancy may reduce the chances of certain birth defects (neural tube defects).

Claims that Folic acid (Myositol) and other B vitamins are effective for preventing mental problems have not been proven. Many of these treatments involve large and expensive amounts of vitamins.

Injectable Folic acid (Myositol) is given by or under the direction of your health care professional. Another form of Folic acid (Myositol) is available without a prescription.

Cholecalciferol is a Vitamin D3 (Myositol). Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body.

Cholecalciferol is used to treat or prevent many conditions caused by a lack of vitamin D, especially conditions of the skin or bones.

Cholecalciferol may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Usual Adult Dose for Megaloblastic Anemia

1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day. May continue until clinical symptoms of folate deficiency and the hematological profile have normalized.

Usual Adult Dose for Folic acid (Myositol) Deficiency

400 to 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women: 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Folic acid (Myositol) Deficiency

Infant:

0.1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Child:

Less than 4 years: up to 0.3 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

4 years or older: 0.4 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation

Recommended daily allowance (RDA):

Premature neonates: 50 mcg/day (15 mcg/kg/day).

Full-term neonates and infants 1 to 6 months: 25 to 35 mcg/day.

Children:

1 to 3 years: 150 mcg/day.

4 to 8 years: 200 mcg/day.

9 to 13 years: 300 mcg/day.

14 years and older: 400 mcg/day.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Liver Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Dose Adjustments

Rarely, a dosage of 2 mg/day may be required, particularly in patients with malabsorption, alcoholism, chronic hemolysis, chronic exfoliative skin disease or who are on concomitant anticonvulsant therapy.

Dialysis

Folic acid (Myositol) is removed by both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The amount removed varies with type equipment used.

Because folate may accumulate in patients with end-stage renal disease, side effects may be more likely in this patient who is undergoing dialysis. Once this patient's body stores of folate are replete, three times a week dosing may be just as beneficial as once daily dosing but should portend a lower risk of side effects.

Other Comments

The recommended daily allowance of Folic acid (Myositol) for adult males and females ranges from 150 to 200 and 150 to 180 mcg/day, respectively.

There is a potential danger in administering Folic acid (Myositol) to patients with undiagnosed anemia, since Folic acid (Myositol) may obscure the diagnosis of pernicious anemia by alleviating the hematologic manifestations of the disease while allowing the neurologic complications to progress.

Severe megaloblastic anemia may require therapy for 4 to 5 weeks. Once stabilized, if dietary intake is inadequate, maintenance therapy can be started.

1 tab daily.

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Folic acid (Myositol)?

Because it may mask the hematologic abnormalities while neurological damage progresses, Folic acid (Myositol) should not be used in the therapy of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency of any cause, unless there is associated folate deficiency. The Folic acid (Myositol) content of one tablet a day however, is unlikely to mask pernicious anemia should this condition be present. Also, pregnancy during pernicious anemia is very rare.

Contraindications for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3 (Myositol), Calcitriol, and Calcidiol)

Vitamin D should not be given to patients with hypercalcemia or evidence of vitamin D toxicity. Use of vitamin D in patients with known hypersensitivity to vitamin D (or drugs of the same class) or any of the inactive ingredients is contraindicated.

Use Folic acid (Myositol) as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Folic acid (Myositol) may be administered as an injection by your health care professional.
• If you are using Folic acid (Myositol) at home, carefully follow the injection procedures taught to you by your health care provider. If the medicine contains particles, is discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.
• Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain local regulations for selecting an appropriate container and properly disposing of the container when full.
• If you miss a dose of Folic acid (Myositol), use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Folic acid (Myositol).

Folic acid (Myositol) is the man-made form of folate. Folate is a B-vitamin naturally found in some foods. It is needed to form healthy cells, especially red blood cells.

Folic acid (Myositol) supplements may come in different forms (such as L-methylfolate, levomefolate, methyltetrahydrofolate). They are used to treat or prevent low folate levels. Low folate levels can lead to certain types of anemia. Conditions that can cause low folate levels include poor diet, pregnancy, alcoholism, liver disease, certain stomach/intestinal problems, kidney dialysis, among others. Women of childbearing age should receive adequate amounts of Folic acid (Myositol) either through their diet or supplements to prevent infant spinal cord birth defects.

How to use Folic acid (Myositol)

Take this product by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. If you are taking the over-the-counter product, follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take this product more often than directed.

Take this product regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. Follow the diet plan recommended by your doctor or dietician. See also Notes section.

If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Vitamin D3 (Myositol) is used for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D3 (Myositol) is important for absorption of calcium in the body. It is also used to prevent bone disorders such as osteomalacia and rickets.

See also:
What other drugs will affect Folic acid (Myositol)?

Medications that interfere with your bodys ability to use folate may also increase the need for this vitamin. Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin, and primidone) metformin (sometimes prescribed to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes) sulfasalazine (used to control inflammation associated with Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis) triamterene (a diuretic) Methotrexate There has been concern about the interaction between vitamin B12 and Folic acid (Myositol). Folic acid (Myositol) supplements can correct the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Unfortunately, Folic acid (Myositol) will not correct changes in the nervous system that result from vitamin B12 deficiency. Permanent nerve damage could theoretically occur if vitamin B12 deficiency is not treated. Therefore, intake of supplemental Folic acid (Myositol) should not exceed 1000 micrograms (g, sometimes mcg) per day to prevent Folic acid (Myositol) from masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important for older adults to be aware of the relationship between Folic acid (Myositol) and vitamin B12 because they are at greater risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency. If you are 50 years of age or older, ask your physician to check your B12 status before you take a supplement that contains Folic acid (Myositol).

Interactions for vitamin D analogues (Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3 (Myositol), Calcitriol, and Calcidiol)

Cholestyramine

Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat soluble vitamins; as such it may impair intestinal absorption of any of vitamin D

Phenytoin/Phenobarbital

The coadministration of phenytoin or phenobarbital will not affect plasma concentrations of vitamin D, but may reduce endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol by accelerating metabolism. Since blood level of calcitriol/ergocalcitriol will be reduced, higher doses of Rocaltrol may be necessary if these drugs are administered simultaneously

Thiazides

Thiazides are known to induce hypercalcemia by the reduction of calcium excretion in urine. Some reports have shown that the concomitant administration of thiazides with vitamin D causes hypercalcemia. Therefore, precaution should be taken when coadministration is necessary

Digitalis

Vitamin D dosage must be determined with care in patients undergoing treatment with digitalis, as hypercalcemia in such patients may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias

Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole may inhibit both synthetic and catabolic enzymes of vitamin D. Reductions in serum endogenous vitamin D concentrations have been observed following the administration of 300 mg/day to 1200 mg/day ketoconazole for a week to healthy men. However, in vivo drug interaction studies of ketoconazole with vitamin D have not been investigated

Corticosteroids

A relationship of functional antagonism exists between vitamin D analogues, which promote calcium absorption, and corticosteroids, which inhibit calcium absorption

Phosphate-Binding Agents

Since vitamin D also has an effect on phosphate transport in the intestine, kidneys and bones, the dosage of phosphate-binding agents must be adjusted in accordance with the serum phosphate concentration

Vitamin D

The coadministration of any of the vitamin D analogues should be avoided as this could create possible additive effects and hypercalcemia

Calcium Supplements

Uncontrolled intake of additional calcium-containing preparations should be avoided

Magnesium

Magnesium-containing preparations (eg, antacids) may cause hypermagnesemia and should therefore not be taken during therapy with vitamin D by patients on chronic renal dialysis.

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Folic acid (Myositol)?

Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Folic acid (Myositol).

Folic acid (Myositol) is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic acid (Myositol) preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. One patient experienced symptoms suggesting anaphylaxis following injection of the drug. Gastrointestinal side effects, including anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, flatulence, and a bitter or bad taste, have been reported in patients receiving 15 mg Folic acid (Myositol) daily for 1 month. Other side effects reported in patients receiving 15 mg daily include altered sleep patterns, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, overactivity, excitement, mental depression, confusion, and impaired judgment. Decreased vitamin B12 serum levels may occur in patients receiving prolonged Folic acid (Myositol) therapy.

In an uncontrolled study, orally administered Folic acid (Myositol) was reported to increase the incidence of seizures in some epileptic patients receiving phenobarbital, primidone, or diphenylhydantoin. Another investigator reported decreased diphenylhydantoin serum levels in folate-deficient patients receiving diphenylhydantoin who were treated with 5 mg or 15 mg of Folic acid (Myositol) daily.

CALL YOUR DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL ADVICE ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS. YOU MAY REPORT SIDE EFFECTS TO THE FDA AT 1-800-FDA-1088 OR LEADING PHARMA, LLC AT 844-740-7500.

Applies to cholecalciferol: oral capsule, oral capsule liquid filled, oral solution, oral tablet, oral tablet chewable, oral wafer

As well as its needed effects, cholecalciferol (the active ingredient contained in Vitamin D3 (Myositol)) may cause unwanted side effects that require medical attention.

Major Side Effects

If any of the following side effects occur while taking cholecalciferol, check with your doctor immediately:

Incidence not known:

• Cough
• difficulty swallowing
• dizziness
• fast heartbeat
• hives or itching
• puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
• skin rash
• tightness in the chest
• unusual tiredness or weakness