Lipuro

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Lipuro

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Lipuro

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active Ingredient Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol)
Form Emulsion for injection or infusion
Pharmacological Class General Anesthetic, Sedative-Hypnotic Agent
Common Use Induction of general anesthesia, deep sedation
Origin Synthetic (substituted phenol derivative)

What Type of Medicine is Lipuro?

Lipuro is the brand name for the injectable, prescription-only medication containing the active substance Propofol. The medication is classified as a short-acting general anesthetic and a non-barbiturate sedative-hypnotic agent, which is used for controllably inducing a state of temporary unconsciousness. Propofol is a synthetic compound derived from the substituted phenol chemical class. The drug’s non-barbiturate classification is associated with providing a quick onset of effect and contributing to a faster, more predictable emergence from the anesthetic state compared to older agents.

Composition and Physical Form

The single active ingredient in the preparation is Propofol. Because this substance is insoluble in water, it must be specially manufactured as a sterile, milky-white oil-in-water lipid emulsion for safe delivery via the intravenous route. A distinguishing feature of the Lipuro formulation is its use of a blended base of both medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT), which serves as the essential delivery vehicle for the medication. This specialized emulsion ensures the consistent administration of the non-water-soluble drug.

General Purpose: What Does Lipuro Achieve?

The core therapeutic purpose of the medication is to enable medical professionals to facilitate general anesthesia by rapidly inducing a loss of awareness and responsiveness during surgical and diagnostic procedures. Beyond surgery, its ability to induce deep and controlled rest is utilized for providing sedation to critically ill patients, particularly those requiring support from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units.

Regulatory References

  1. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

What side effects are possible with Lipuro?

Propofol-Lipuro (Propofol) is an anesthetic agent whose use is associated with a range of documented side effects, most of which are extensions of its pharmacological action.

Adverse Reactions Summary

The most common side effects (affecting up to 1 in 10 people) are pain at the injection site, a drop in blood pressure (hypotension), and short interruptions of breathing (transient apnea). Other common effects include changes in heart rate, headache, nausea, or vomiting during recovery.

Less common or rare effects include the development of blood clots (thromboembolism) or inflammation of a vein (phlebitis) at the injection site, and involuntary movements or convulsions.

Serious Safety Risks

Serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention are anaphylactic shock (a severe allergic reaction), profound or prolonged cardiac depression (bradycardia, asystole, cardiac arrest), and Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS). PRIS is a rare, life-threatening condition associated with high doses or prolonged infusion in critical care, characterized by severe metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown), and cardiac or renal failure.

Contraindications and Safety Limitations

Propofol-Lipuro is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the active substance, soybean oil, peanut, or any of the excipients. Due to the risk of PRIS, it is contraindicated for sedation in children 16 years of age and younger in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Caution is required in patients with conditions like heart, kidney, or liver impairment, disorders of fat metabolism, low blood volume (hypovolemia), or high intracranial pressure. The emulsion contains no antimicrobial retardant, necessitating the strict maintenance of aseptic technique during handling to prevent microbial contamination.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help — Official Regulatory Information

Overdosage of Lipuro (Propofol) is officially classified as a severe, life-threatening event that is highly likely to result in profound cardiorespiratory depression. Immediate medical attention is mandatory in any suspected case.

Overdose Presentation Specific Manifestations Emergency Action Mandated
Cardiorespiratory Compromise Severe arterial hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, and potential apnea are documented clinical signs. Discontinue administration immediately; treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Life-Threatening Outcomes Asystole (cardiac arrest) is a documented severe outcome. Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS) is a serious risk, often associated with high-dose, prolonged exposure (typically >4.0 mg/kg/h), presenting with severe metabolic acidosis and cardiac failure. Respiratory depression requires artificial ventilation with oxygen; hypotension requires pressor agents and/or fluid administration.

Special Considerations: No specific antidote is known for propofol. Pediatric patients and the elderly or severely ill (ASA-PS III or IV) are noted in regulatory documents as being particularly susceptible to cardiorespiratory depression. Continuous monitoring is required in the event of overdosage.

The official regulatory profile is structured around the immediate, severe risk of cardiorespiratory failure and the lack of a specific antidote, which collectively establish the critical need for immediate, advanced supportive care. This documentation strictly mandates that urgent medical help be sought when any signs of overdosage or severe cardiorespiratory compromise are observed, exactly as written in the government labeling.

Therapeutic Uses of Lipuro

What Lipuro Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Lipuro (Propofol) is commonly used across domains where short-term symptomatic assistance is appropriate, primarily by inducing a controlled and predictable state of central nervous system suppression. In clinical settings, this medication is applied to manage acute or unstable symptom patterns that require a lack of awareness or deep rest.

Its core applications are centered on therapeutic areas involving heightened patient distress: achieving and sustaining general anesthesia for surgical and diagnostic procedures; providing deep, sustained sedation for critically ill patients, especially those requiring mechanical ventilation; and in specialized contexts, managing severe, acute symptomatic episodes like refractory status epilepticus.

This therapeutic approach helps address symptom clusters of severe agitation, hyperarousal, and distress. It supports patients in coping more steadily with the requirements of critical supportive care, assisting with maintaining a sense of stability during periods of heightened symptoms. The overall benefit is supportive symptom relief, as it contributes to easing the overall symptom load by facilitating a manageable state of rest and unconsciousness when medically necessary.

“This medication is applied in addressing conditions marked by increased physiological stress, assisting with maintaining functional stability.”


Quick Fact: Relief for Acute CNS Symptoms
Primary Indication: General anesthesia and deep sedation in the ICU.
Symptom Axis: Symptoms of increased neurological or muscular activity and heightened physiological activity.
Key Benefit: Provides support that helps ease the overall symptom burden of consciousness and distress during acute procedures.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH National Center for Biotechnology Information

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility Map: Who can and cannot use Lipuro — Official Regulatory Information

The eligibility status for the anesthetic agent Lipuro (Propofol) is defined by specific population criteria and restrictions detailed in official governmental regulatory documents.


Populations for whom use is contraindicated:

  • Known Hypersensitivity: Patients with known allergy to propofol or any excipients, including soy or peanut products.
  • Pediatric ICU Sedation: Patients 16 years of age or younger are contraindicated for sedation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU Sedation).
  • Obstetric Anesthesia: The medicine is contraindicated for use in obstetric anesthesia.

Age-Related Eligibility Rules:

  • Minimum Age for Anesthesia: Approved for General Anesthesia in children as young as 2 months for maintenance (depending on the formulation).
  • Older Adults (Geriatric): Use is restricted by administration rate; rapid bolus administration must not be used as it increases the risk of cardiorespiratory depression.
  • Newborn Infants (Neonates): Use in patients under 1 month of age is not recommended due to insufficient safety data.

Condition-Specific Eligibility:

  • Use with Caution is required for patients with cardiac, respiratory, renal, or hepatic impairment, and for those with disorders of fat metabolism.
  • Use in pregnant women is not recommended and use during lactation is also discouraged by regulatory bodies.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

The drug's official interaction profile is primarily defined by Pharmacodynamic (PD) synergism with other Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants. Co-administration with medicinal products such as Opioids, Sedatives, or Analgesic Agents is documented to result in an additive or synergistic increase in the anesthetic and sedative effects, which includes an enhanced risk of cardiorespiratory effects, specifically hypotension and bradycardia.

A key Pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction is noted with Valproate (Valproic Acid), which may lead to increased blood levels of Propofol. The antibiotic Rifampicin has also been reported in regulatory documents to cause profound hypotension following the induction of anesthesia with Propofol.

Regulatory labeling establishes several mandatory physical and substance restrictions. The medicine must not be mixed directly with any other solution for injection or infusion; other medicinal products must be introduced via a dedicated Y-piece or three-way valve close to the cannula site. The IV line must be rinsed before or after administering certain muscle relaxants (e.g., Atracurium or Mivacurium). Administration of Alcohol is documented to increase sedative effects. Concurrent use of other intravenous lipid emulsions must be considered, as the formulation itself contributes to the total lipid load.

Elderly or debilitated patients are noted in the prescribing information to exhibit an increased sensitivity to the interactive effects of co-administered agents. The medicine is formally contraindicated for sedation in children 16 years of age or younger in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action for Lipuro (Propofol) is rooted in the modulation of inhibitory and excitatory signaling pathways within the central nervous system (CNS), alongside its influence on autonomic function. The drug's high lipophilicity allows it to rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier.

Enhancing Inhibitory Neurotransmission

Propofol's primary action is its role as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA A receptor, the brain’s major inhibitory signaling complex. By binding to a specific site, the drug prolongs the opening time of the receptor’s associated chloride ion channel. This surge of negative chloride ions into the neuron leads to hyperpolarization, suppressing the neuron’s ability to transmit signals and resulting in widespread CNS depression.

Suppressing Systemic Vascular Resistance

The drug also acts centrally to inhibit the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow, reducing central sympathetic tone. This suppression of the SNS, which normally maintains vascular tone, leads to peripheral vasodilation (widening of blood vessels). This mechanistic consequence produces a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), leading to reduced arterial blood pressure.

Reducing Excitatory Signaling and Brain Metabolism

Secondary actions include the inhibition of certain voltage-gated sodium channels and the NMDA receptor, both of which mediate excitatory signaling. These secondary mechanisms supplement the primary inhibitory action. Furthermore, the overall reduction in brain electrical activity mechanistically results in a decrease in cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption ( CMRO2), which subsequently triggers a related reduction in cerebral blood flow.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Lipuro is Used: Administration Principles

Lipuro (Propofol) is strictly administered via the intravenous (IV) route as either a controlled injection or a continuous infusion. Due to its potent, short-acting nature, administration must occur in a monitored clinical setting by personnel trained in anesthesia or critical care, with continuous monitoring and immediate access to resuscitation equipment.


Dosing Regimens

Dosing is based on the titration principle, meaning the amount is carefully adjusted based on the patient's individual clinical response, administered incrementally.

Indication Standard Dose (Adults) Notes on Administration
General Anesthesia Induction 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Administered in small, slow increments (e.g., 20 to 40 mg every 10 seconds).
Maintenance 4 to 12 mg/kg/h via continuous infusion. Wait 3 to 5 minutes between dose adjustments to assess full effect.

Preparation and Procedural Rules

Aseptic technique is mandatory for all handling and preparation, as the lipid emulsion supports microbial growth. The emulsion may be diluted with specific solutions, such as 5% glucose, but must maintain a minimum concentration of 2 mg/mL. The container must be shaken before use. The prepared product and associated tubing must be used for a single patient and discarded within 12 hours of initial access. To address localized discomfort, the product may be mixed with 1% preservative-free lidocaine.

Population Adjustments

Standard protocols indicate a reduced dose and slower administration rate for general anesthesia induction in older or debilitated adult patients. Furthermore, Lipuro is contraindicated for sedation in pediatric patients aged 16 years and younger in the Intensive Care Unit setting. The maximum recommended duration for continuous ICU sedation is limited to 7 days.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence Overview for Lipuro

This section provides a summary of the official research studies that have been conducted on the medicine's active ingredient (propofol), focusing on what the trials and regulatory reviews have examined. The evidence base primarily consists of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and large observational studies, which are used to explore the patterns measured in specific medical settings.

Evidence for Use in General Anesthesia

For the core use of general anesthesia, research has extensively studied the patterns measured when initiating and maintaining unconsciousness during procedures. Studies have been conducted on healthy adults, older adults, and children over certain ages. Researchers have monitored outcomes such as the time it takes for a patient to lose consciousness (induction) and the time needed to fully awaken afterward (emergence).

Short-term comparative trials describe patterns observed in the studies regarding the recovery phase as measured against other common anesthetic agents. Because a large volume of controlled trials exists, this area contributes to the broader evidence landscape. However, the follow-up durations were limited, focusing primarily on the immediate peri-operative period.

Evidence for Deep Sedation in Critical Care

The research base for using the active ingredient to provide deep rest for critically ill patients in the ICU includes a large volume of data, especially for those who require mechanical ventilation. This evidence was evaluated in large RCTs and systematic reviews. The studies focused on measuring the level of sedation achieved and monitoring the total duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of time patients stayed in the ICU. This body of research is well-established for short- to medium-term endpoints within the critical care setting.

Research in Specific Patient Groups and Evidence Gaps

Research has explored the use of propofol across different age groups, including older adults and children (with specific age restrictions). However, data for certain groups remain insufficient or specialized, such as for very young infants or patients with significant coexisting conditions or underlying systemic functional challenges. Overall, follow-up durations were limited in most core studies, meaning that the full scope of outcomes related to patient recovery is not fully established beyond the immediate clinical setting.

Key Studies & References

  1. NIH National Library of Medicine (NLM) Drug Information Portal: Propofol

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Lipuro (FAQ)

Q: How quickly does Lipuro usually start working?

Lipuro (propofol) has a fast onset of action once it is administered intravenously. Official product information indicates that the medication typically produces a loss of consciousness within about 40 seconds after injection.


Q: How long does the effect of Lipuro last?

Following a single injection, the medication is considered short-acting. Its effects typically last for only about 3 to 5 minutes because the drug quickly moves from the brain to other parts of the body.


Q: What are the signs of an allergic reaction to Lipuro?

Serious allergic reactions, sometimes described as anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, have been reported. Signs noted in official documents may include swelling of the face, tongue, and/or throat (angioedema), breathing difficulty associated with tightened airways (bronchospasm), generalized skin redness (erythema), and a drop in blood pressure (hypotension).


Q: Can Lipuro affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

Yes, official labeling states that the medication will significantly impair mental alertness and coordination. Regulatory warnings state that patients should not drive or operate complex machinery for a period after administration. A full recovery period is required before resuming these activities.


Q: Why do official documents mention liver problems with Lipuro use?

Official documents state that the drug must be used with caution in patients who have hepatic impairment (existing liver problems). Furthermore, a rare but serious condition associated with high doses, called Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS), may include an enlarged or fatty liver as a reported symptom.


Q: Does Lipuro contain any gluten or common allergens?

Lipuro is officially contraindicated (should not be used) in people with a known allergy to the active substance, soya-bean oil, or peanut. The formulation also contains egg lecithin. Regulatory documents do not explicitly mention gluten content.


Q: Does Lipuro affect fertility or reproductive health?

Studies in animals, as described in non-clinical data, show that reproductive function was not impaired in either male or female subjects. Regulatory bodies note that use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding is not recommended due to insufficient human data.


Q: What happens if a child accidentally uses Lipuro?

Lipuro is a potent medication intended only for administration by trained professionals in a monitored setting. Regulatory documents strongly advise that the product be kept out of the sight and reach of children due to the serious risks associated with its powerful depressant effects. The specific clinical outcome of accidental use is not described in the general labeling.


Q: Are there different strengths or formulations of Lipuro?

Lipuro is commonly available as a 1% injectable emulsion, meaning it contains 10 milligrams of the active ingredient per milliliter. Official documents indicate that other strengths, such as 2%, may be available, but their use is often specialized.


Q: Is it normal to feel drowsy after using Lipuro?

Yes, the medication is officially classified as a sedative-hypnotic agent, which is a type of medicine that causes deep relaxation and reduced consciousness. Therefore, it is expected that a patient's mental alertness will be impaired for a period, and patients are monitored until they fully recover.


Q: Is Lipuro known to interact with commonly used cold medicines?

Official interaction documents warn that co-administering Lipuro with other Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants can enhance both the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects. This group includes some ingredients found in common cold medicines, such as certain opioids or sedatives.


Q: Do studies suggest Lipuro is non-addictive?

Propofol, the active ingredient, is not classified as a controlled substance under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. However, regulatory documents note that cases of abuse and dependence have been reported, primarily among healthcare professionals.


Q: Can Lipuro interact with my blood pressure medication?

Official information indicates that Lipuro itself causes a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). Therefore, its hypotensive effect may be potentiated (made stronger) by other agents that also lower blood pressure, including certain antihypertensives (blood pressure medications) and beta blockers.


Q: Can a person with a history of asthma use Lipuro?

Caution is advised for patients with existing respiratory impairment. Furthermore, serious allergic reactions reported in official documents have been associated with bronchospasm (severe tightening of the airways), which can occur in people with asthma.


Q: Are there any dietary restrictions associated with using Lipuro?

The drug is an intravenous lipid emulsion (a fat solution). Because the medication is a fat solution, it contributes to the body's overall lipid load. Official documents state that providers must consider the concurrent use of any other intravenous fat solutions.


Q: Is Lipuro considered a controlled substance?

According to the DEA Diversion Control Division, Lipuro (propofol) is not currently classified as a controlled substance under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act.


Q: Is Lipuro known to cause skin reactions or rashes?

Yes, official adverse reaction reports note that pain, redness, or inflammation at the injection site is a common effect. Less common side effects include general skin reactions such as hives, itching, or a rash (erythema).

How should Lipuro be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Lipuro?

The storage and disposal of Lipuro (Propofol-Lipuro injectable emulsion) are strictly defined in the official regulatory labeling to ensure product stability and sterility.

Storage Conditions The product must be stored below 25 C and must not freeze. To ensure protection from light, the ampoules or vials must be kept in the outer carton. The regulatory label mandates to Keep out of the sight and reach of children.

Handling and Stability Lipuro is for single use only and must be handled aseptically. Because it lacks preservatives, the unused portion of an opened container must be discarded immediately. The maximum duration of continuous infusion from one system must not exceed 12 hours.

Disposal Rules After use, the container and any unused contents must be discarded. Disposal of any unused product or waste materials must be done in accordance with local requirements.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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