Cliovelle

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Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Cliovelle

Property Description
Active ingredients Estradiol and Norethisterone
Form Oral preparation (film-coated tablet)
Pharmacological class Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), combined
General purpose Relief of postmenopausal symptoms
Origin Synthetic derivatives

Cliovelle is a prescription-only medicine (POM) and a type of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) designed for postmenopausal women. It is classified as a Combined HRT preparation because it contains two distinct classes of hormones in a single formulation, a composition widely used in established clinical practice.


What Type of Medicine is Cliovelle?

Cliovelle is a hormonal agent belonging to the Hormone Replacement Therapy class, primarily used to provide hormonal supplementation following natural estrogen deficiency symptoms associated with menopause. These are hormonal preparations intended for systemic use. It is supplied as a film-coated tablet—an oral preparation—which achieves a systemic action throughout the body. Unlike some alternatives, Cliovelle is specifically formulated as a Sequential combined HRT, a regimen used for women transitioning through menopause who still have an intact uterus.


Composition: Estradiol and Norethisterone Combination

The active ingredients in Cliovelle are Estradiol and Norethisterone, a dual composition distinguishing it from single-hormone therapies. Estradiol, identified as the Estrogen component, compensates for the decline in the body's natural estrogen levels. Norethisterone is the Progestogen component, modifying the effect of the estrogen. This Estrogen/Progestogen combination is an established regimen for hormonal support. This dual approach provides a standard, medically supported method for replenishing key hormones.


General Purpose and Endometrial Protection

The general purpose of Cliovelle is to mitigate the physical changes and discomfort—the postmenopausal symptoms—that result from decreased estrogen levels. This combination therapy is intended specifically for women with an intact uterus. The inclusion of Norethisterone is critical, as it provides necessary endometrial protection by preventing the excessive buildup in the lining of the womb that can be stimulated by the estrogen alone. The need to incorporate a progestogen for these patients is a fundamental safety principle.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH/PubMed Central article on HRT Efficacy and Types

What side effects are possible with Cliovelle?

The possible side effects and safety characteristics of this medicine are derived from classifications and observations documented in authoritative government regulatory sources.

Documented Frequencies of Adverse Reactions

Adverse effects are categorized by frequency according to regulatory standards:

Frequency Classification Examples (System-Organ Class)
Common (1 to 10 in 100) Headache (Nervous System), Nausea, Abdominal Pain (Gastrointestinal), Breast Tenderness/Pain, Mood Swings, Irregular Vaginal Bleeding/Spotting
Uncommon (1 to 10 in 1,000) Increased Blood Pressure

Systemic HRT Class Safety Characteristics

Combined estrogen-progestogen therapy is associated with high-level safety patterns documented in official sources. These serious adverse reactions include an increased risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and an elevated risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction. The risk of Breast Cancer is also documented to increase with long-term exposure to combined HRT. The progestogen component is included to provide necessary endometrial protection for women with an intact uterus.

Contextual and Population Safety Notes

The regulatory text notes specific time-related patterns, stating that irregular vaginal bleeding or spotting is more likely to occur during the first three to six months of treatment. Similarly, the increased VTE risk is highest during the first year of use. Furthermore, experience in treating women older than 65 years is officially noted as limited, and patients with pre-existing hypertriglyceridaemia require close monitoring.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help — Official Regulatory Information for Cliovelle

The official documentation for combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) defines the acute overdose profile based on expected clinical findings and mandated emergency procedures.

Overdose Scope Official Regulatory Documentation
Documented Overdose Presentations Acute overconsumption is reported to typically result in non-life-threatening clinical signs such as nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, and abdominal pain.
Physiological Systems Affected Manifestations are commonly observed in the gastrointestinal system and the reproductive system.
Population-specific Overdose Notes Vaginal bleeding, also known as withdrawal bleeding, is a specific manifestation documented in the female population and may occur several days after the acute overexposure event.
Emergency-response Statements Patients must seek immediate medical attention following any suspected or confirmed overconsumption. Regulatory guidance directs individuals to contact a poison control center or emergency services for urgent assessment.

Overdose Classifications

Classification Official Regulatory Documentation
Severity Classification Acute overdose is consistently classified by regulatory authorities as not likely to be life-threatening. Serious symptoms are reported as very unlikely.
Overdose-Context Constraints No specific antidote is known for this combination of hormones. Management is restricted to symptomatic and supportive treatment within a healthcare setting.

Official Overdose Statements

  • Acute overconsumption typically results in expected, non-severe gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • The regulatory mandate is to seek immediate medical attention for all suspected overdose cases.
  • Treatment is strictly supportive, as the official prescribing information notes the absence of a specific antidote.

The official regulatory profile defines that while acute overconsumption of Cliovelle is generally not classified as a life-threatening scenario, it mandates that individuals seek immediate medical help for professional clinical observation. This action is necessary because the official treatment protocol is limited to symptomatic and supportive measures to manage the specific, expected manifestations listed in the product labeling.

Therapeutic Uses of Cliovelle

What Cliovelle Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Cliovelle (estradiol/norethisterone acetate) is a continuous combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) generally used for managing symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency after menopause. It may help support comfort and functional stability across relevant symptomatic and physical domains, as established for its clinical use.


Support for Vasomotor Symptoms

This domain is applicable within clinical settings that involve acute or unstable symptom patterns, such as hot flashes and night sweats. Cliovelle is commonly used to help with these symptoms related to heightened physiological activity, contributing to easing the overall symptom load and helping patients cope more steadily during periods of heightened discomfort.

Quick Fact: Support for Hot Flashes Cliovelle is generally used for managing the clusters of symptoms related to systemic imbalance that can become intense or disruptive.


Support for Urogenital Symptoms

Cliovelle is relevant for easing symptoms that cluster around the genitourinary system. It is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed, assisting with maintaining functional stability and addressing symptoms that create noticeable functional strain.


Support for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

This therapeutic domain covers situations involving certain distressing symptoms in women at risk of fracture. Cliovelle is used for managing the long-term risk of osteoporosis, providing support that helps ease the overall symptom burden associated with fragile bones and helps maintain a sense of stability.

Regulatory References

  1. National Institutes of Health (NIH) DailyMed

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Who can and cannot use Cliovelle?

This section outlines the official population eligibility rules for Cliovelle as defined by government regulatory agencies.


Populations for Whom Use is Allowed

Cliovelle is officially designated for postmenopausal women seeking Hormone Replacement Therapy. Use of this specific combined formulation is contingent upon the patient having an intact uterus.

Absolute Contraindications (Must Not Use)

The medicine is strictly contraindicated and must not be used in women with a current or history of breast cancer or any estrogen-dependent neoplasia. Use is also prohibited for patients with a history of active venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE) or arterial thromboembolic disease (stroke or MI), known thrombophilic disorders, active liver disease or hepatic impairment, uncontrolled hypertension, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, or untreated endometrial hyperplasia.

Age and Reproductive Restrictions

Use is contraindicated during pregnancy and not recommended while breastfeeding/lactating. The medicine is not indicated for the pediatric population (children and adolescents). For women aged 65 years and older, official documentation notes limited experience, requiring special consideration. Efficacy has not been evaluated in women with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of over 35 kg/m².

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

The interaction profile for Cliovelle (estradiol/norethisterone) is defined by pharmacokinetic changes that alter the systemic concentration of the active hormones, as documented in regulatory information. Metabolism of both hormone components is documented to be affected by the Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme, which forms the basis for most drug-drug interactions.

CYP3A4-inducing substances, such as certain antiepileptics (e.g., Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital) and herbal products like St. John's Wort, are documented to reduce the hormone plasma concentrations. Conversely, CYP3A4-inhibiting substances may cause hormone levels to increase.

Interaction Type Examples / Restriction Outcome of Interaction
Metabolic Enzyme Induction St. John's Wort, Rifampin Decreased hormone exposure
HCV Combinations Ombitasvir, Dasabuvir Use is subject to regulatory restriction
Food/Beverage Grapefruit Juice, Acute Alcohol Intake Increased hormone exposure

A specific pharmacodynamic interaction is documented with Cigarette Smoking, which significantly increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events when co-used with estrogen hormones. Due to this documented risk, combined hormonal therapy is contraindicated in women over 35 years of age who smoke. Furthermore, the combination of estradiol and norethisterone with certain Hepatitis C combination regimens is subject to regulatory restrictions due to the documented risk of increased liver enzyme levels (ALT).

Mechanism of Action

Cliovelle is a fixed combination product containing conjugated estrogens (CE) and norethindrone acetate (NETA).

Conjugated Estrogens

The CE components function as agonists at Estrogen Receptor Alpha ( ERalpha) and Estrogen Receptor Beta ( ERbeta) in target tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, bone, and reproductive tract. Binding of CE to these intracellular receptors induces a conformational change in the receptor protein. The activated hormone-receptor complex then dimerizes and translocates to the cell nucleus, where it binds to specific Estrogen Response Elements (EREs) on the DNA. This binding event modulates the transcription of target genes, resulting in altered synthesis of corresponding mRNAs and proteins. System-level consequences include modulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis, specifically the inhibition of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and subsequent reduction in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secretion.

Norethindrone Acetate

NETA, a prodrug, is rapidly converted to its active form, norethindrone (NET). NET acts as an agonist at the intracellular Progesterone Receptor (PR). The NET-PR complex also dimerizes, binds to Progesterone Response Elements (PREs), and modifies gene transcription in target tissues, such as the endometrium. This modulation counteracts specific CE-mediated transcriptional effects in the endometrium. Furthermore, the progestin component contributes to the HPO axis feedback loop, suppressing the release of pituitary gonadotropins, thus modulating the overall endocrine milieu. The combination of these two hormonal pathways drives the system-level physiological changes.

Dosage and Administration Information

Administration Guidelines

Cliovelle is an oral preparation designed for systemic use, administered as a film-coated tablet containing 1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate. The route of administration is strictly oral. The established dosing schedule is a continuous combined regimen, which requires taking one tablet once daily without interruption. For consistent administration, the dose should be taken preferably at the same time each day.

Dosing Principles and Treatment Duration

The fundamental clinical principle for this hormone replacement therapy is to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. This requires regular clinical re-evaluation of the need for continued treatment. If the patient's response is unsatisfactory after the initial treatment period, usually around 3 months, a dose adjustment or treatment alternative should be considered by a healthcare professional.

Procedural Rules for Use

Regarding specific populations, Cliovelle is not indicated for use in children or adolescents under 18 years of age. Clinical experience is also limited concerning the use of this medicine in women over 65 years of age.

Adherence to the daily schedule is critical for maintaining stability in the regimen. If a dose is missed, it must be taken as soon as possible, but only within 12 hours of the usual scheduled time. If more than 12 hours have elapsed, the tablet must be discarded and the patient should continue with the regular schedule for the next dose. Discarding the missed tablet helps prevent dosing instability, which may otherwise increase the likelihood of breakthrough bleeding or spotting.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Cliovelle


Evidence for Managing Acute Postmenopausal Symptoms

The research base for the Estradiol and Norethisterone combination was studied for its use in periods of heightened symptom activity, largely composed of short-term, placebo-controlled clinical trials. These studies primarily focused on postmenopausal women with an intact uterus experiencing hot flashes and night sweats. Researchers designed these trials to monitor and measure outcomes related to physical discomfort and changes in daily functioning using patient-reported outcomes, typically over intervals up to six months. Findings describe patterns observed during these limited follow-up periods, contributing to understanding acute symptom patterns.


Research on Support for Urogenital Symptoms

The medicine was evaluated in research exploring its use in conditions associated with acute discomfort around the genitourinary system, such as vaginal dryness. This research examined patient-reported outcomes and objective biomarkers of cellular composition as secondary outcomes in trials initially designed to track other physical discomforts. Consequently, the evidence is limited, and there is insufficient information for long-term outcomes in this specific area.


Long-Term Follow-up and Skeletal Health Studies

A separate body of research, including long-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, was studied for its potential role in monitoring changes to Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Research examined patterns related to BMD at the hip and spine, observed over follow-up periods that typically exceeded one year. While long-term research exists for skeletal health, certainty may remain low regarding the durability of observed changes across all symptom domains.


Limitations and Research Gaps

The research primarily included women with an intact uterus in specific age groups. Results apply only to the populations studied. A key limitation is that many follow-up durations were limited in the primary symptom studies. Data for certain patient groups, such as those with specific comorbidities or varying severity levels, are still emerging, meaning research provides context but not individual predictions.

Key Studies & References

  1. Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate Tablets - U.S. National Library of Medicine DailyMed Label (FDA-aligned)
  2. Long-term effects of continuous combined HRT on bone turnover and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women (Long-term BMD RCT)
  3. Oral hormone therapy with 17β-estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combination with norethindrone acetate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: Dose-dependent effects (26-month BMD RCT)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Cliovelle (FAQ)


Q: How quickly should I expect to see any changes after starting Cliovelle?

A: Cliovelle is used for alleviating menopausal symptoms, but official product information does not specify an exact timeframe for symptom relief. However, regulatory guidance notes that if the therapeutic response is unsatisfactory, a clinical re-evaluation is generally needed after approximately three months of treatment. Some reported effects, such as irregular bleeding, are also noted to be more likely during the first three to six months of use, and relief from symptoms may potentially begin to be experienced earlier.

Q: What happens if I stop taking Cliovelle suddenly?

A: Official regulatory documents describe certain medical situations where treatment should be discontinued immediately, such as a sudden increase in blood pressure or the onset of a migraine-type headache. If treatment is stopped, there is a general expectation that break-through bleeding or spotting may occur. Unexpected or prolonged bleeding that occurs after treatment has stopped should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

Q: Does Cliovelle affect sleep patterns?

A: Sleep disturbance or insomnia is not listed as a common or uncommon adverse reaction in the drug's official product characteristics. However, Cliovelle is used to treat symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats, which are known to impact sleep. The full product information contains a complete list of documented effects.

Q: Is there a maximum time someone can stay on Cliovelle?

A: Official regulatory principles for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) state that it should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. This regulatory principle indicates that a healthcare professional should regularly re-evaluate the ongoing need for continued treatment, rather than relying on a predetermined maximum time limit.

Q: Will taking Cliovelle affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

A: The official product information for Cliovelle generally states that the medicine is unlikely to have an influence on a person's ability to drive or use machines. However, if any side effects are experienced that cause dizziness or impaired concentration, patients who experience such side effects are advised to discuss this with their prescriber.

Q: If I miss a dose of Cliovelle, what is generally recommended?

A: Regulatory instructions for a continuous combined regimen state that a missed dose should be taken as soon as possible, but only if it is within 12 hours of the usual scheduled time. If more than 12 hours have elapsed, the tablet should be discarded, and the patient should continue with the regular schedule for the next dose. This procedure is followed to prevent dosing instability, which may increase the likelihood of bleeding or spotting.

Q: What kind of studies support the use of Cliovelle?

A: The use of Cliovelle is supported by evidence detailed in regulatory documents, including short-term, placebo-controlled clinical trials focusing on the relief of acute postmenopausal symptoms like hot flashes. Additionally, there is research, including long-term studies, that examines the drug's role in monitoring changes to Bone Mineral Density (BMD).

Q: Can I take other vitamins or supplements with Cliovelle?

A: Official product information for Cliovelle indicates that interactions are often related to the CYP3A4 enzyme system in the body. Regulatory guidance specifically warns against taking certain herbal products, such as St. John’s Wort, as they can reduce the levels of the hormones in the body, which may lessen the treatment’s effect.

Q: Is it common for hot flashes to return if I take a break from Cliovelle?

A: Cliovelle is prescribed to provide hormonal supplementation and relieve postmenopausal symptoms. If the treatment is discontinued or a break is taken, the underlying estrogen deficiency is no longer being supplemented. Based on the drug's purpose, a return of symptoms such as hot flashes is consistent with expectations upon cessation.

Q: What is the typical age range of women prescribed Cliovelle?

A: Cliovelle is officially designated for use in postmenopausal women to alleviate their symptoms. Regulatory text indicates it is not intended for use in children under 18. Furthermore, official documentation notes that clinical experience in women older than 65 years is limited. The product information states these age considerations without defining a specific 'typical' age range.

Q: Why is continuous therapy sometimes recommended over cyclic therapy with Cliovelle?

A: Cliovelle is formulated as a continuous combined therapy, meaning both estrogen and progestogen are taken daily without a break. This specific regimen is intended for women with an intact uterus. The continuous presence of the progestogen component is critical as it provides necessary endometrial protection by preventing the excessive buildup in the lining of the womb that can be stimulated by estrogen alone.

Q: Can Cliovelle affect cholesterol levels?

A: While the product information does not list the drug's effect on cholesterol as a common side effect, the regulatory text does state that women with pre-existing hypertriglyceridaemia (high levels of certain fats, including cholesterol components) require close monitoring. This indicates a known potential for interaction with lipid metabolism.

Q: How often do people generally need check-ups while on Cliovelle?

A: Official regulatory principles require that the need for continued treatment must be subject to regular clinical re-evaluation by a healthcare professional. While the product information mandates this ongoing assessment, the precise frequency or interval (such as yearly) is a clinical decision and is not explicitly specified in the labeling.

Q: Are there any foods or drinks I should limit while taking Cliovelle?

A: Regulatory documents explicitly note that certain foods and beverages can interact with the medicine. Specifically, Grapefruit Juice and Acute Alcohol Intake are documented in the interaction profile as potentially causing an increase in hormone exposure in the bloodstream.

Q: Can Cliovelle cause weight gain?

A: Weight gain is not listed as either a Common (1 in 100) or Uncommon (1 in 1,000) adverse reaction in the official product characteristics. Patients should consult the full list of documented side effects, available in the patient information leaflet.

Q: Can men use Cliovelle?

A: No, Cliovelle is officially designated for use in postmenopausal women for the relief of symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency. Its use is not indicated for the male population.

Q: Does Cliovelle cause any hair loss or growth issues?

A: Hair loss or other hair-related growth issues are not listed as Common (1 in 100) or Uncommon (1 in 1,000) adverse reactions in the official product characteristics. All documented side effects are listed in the official product information.

Q: Are there different strengths or types of Cliovelle?

A: Cliovelle is specifically formulated as a fixed combination product. Regulatory information only explicitly describes this single product containing 1 mg of estradiol and 0.5 mg of norethisterone acetate.

Q: Can Cliovelle be split or crushed?

A: Cliovelle is an oral preparation administered as a film-coated tablet. Dosing instructions require the patient to take one tablet once daily without interruption, and the regulatory text does not provide instructions or guidance for splitting or crushing the tablets.

Q: What should I do if I experience an unexpected change after starting Cliovelle?

A: Official documents require that if a patient develops symptoms suggestive of a serious event, such as a painful swelling of a leg (potential for a blood clot), or if a contraindication is discovered (such as pregnancy or jaundice), the drug must be immediately discontinued. It is important that a doctor or qualified healthcare professional is contacted for assessment.

Q: What is the process for discontinuing Cliovelle?

A: Since treatment is meant to be used for the shortest possible duration, the decision to discontinue Cliovelle is made under the direction of a healthcare professional. Official regulatory documents mandate immediate withdrawal if certain adverse events occur, such as a new onset of migraine or a significant increase in blood pressure.

Q: Is it important to take Cliovelle at the same time every day?

A: The official administration guidelines state that for consistent use and to maintain stability in the continuous regimen, the dose should be taken preferably at the same time each day.

Q: Are there any known issues with fertility after stopping Cliovelle?

A: Cliovelle is specifically indicated for use in postmenopausal women and is contraindicated in pregnancy. Because it is intended for a population where pregnancy is not an expected outcome, the product information does not discuss specific issues related to fertility after stopping the drug.

How should Cliovelle be stored and disposed of?

Cliovelle tablets require storage and disposal according to the instructions provided in the official regulatory labeling.


Storage Requirements

Cliovelle does not require any special storage conditions regarding temperature, meaning it can be stored at standard ambient room temperatures. The medicine must be kept in its original container, which is the PVC/PVDC/Aluminium blister pack, to maintain its integrity throughout the labeled 4-year shelf life.

Child Safety: All medicines, including Cliovelle, must be stored out of the sight and reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.


Disposal Instructions

The regulatory labeling states no special requirements for the disposal of unused Cliovelle. Consequently, any unused or expired tablets must be disposed of in accordance with local requirements for pharmaceutical waste, and they should not be thrown into household trash or wastewater unless specifically advised by local authorities.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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