ВПРИВ

ВПРИВ is indicated for long-term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease.

ВПРИВ treatment should be supervised by a physician experienced in the management of patients with Gaucher disease.

Posology

The recommended dose is 60 Units/kg administered every other week.

Dose adjustments can be made on an individual basis based on achievement and maintenance of therapeutic goals. Clinical studies have evaluated doses ranging from 15 to 60 Units/kg every other week. Doses higher than 60 Units/kg have not been studied.

Patients currently treated with imiglucerase enzyme replacement therapy for type 1 Gaucher disease may be switched to ВПРИВ, using the same dose and frequency.

Special populations

Renal or hepatic impairment

No dosing adjustment is recommended in patients with renal or hepatic impairment based on current knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of velaglucerase alfa.

Elderly (>65 years old)

Elderly patients may be treated within the same dose range (15 to 60 units/kg) as other adult patients.

Paediatric population

Twenty of the 94 patients (21%) who received velaglucerase alfa during clinical studies were in the paediatric and adolescent age range (4 to 17 years).

Method of administration

For intravenous infusion use only.

To be administered as a 60-minute intravenous infusion.

Must be administered through a 0.22 µm filter.

Home administration under the supervision of a healthcare professional may be considered only for those patients who have received at least three infusions and were tolerating their infusions well.)

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity reactions, including symptoms consistent with anaphylaxis, have been reported in patients in clinical studies and in post-marketing experience. The majority of hypersensitivity reactions usually occur up to 12 hours post infusion. The most frequently reported symptoms of hypersensitivity include nausea, rash dyspnoea, back pain, chest discomfort (including chest tightness), urticaria, arthralgia, and headache.

Infusion-related-reactions

An infusion-related reaction is defined as any adverse drug reaction occurring within 24 hours after the initiation of velaglucerase alfa infusion. Infusion-related reactions (IRR) were the most commonly observed adverse reactions in patients treated in clinical studies. An IRR often appears as a hypersensitivity reaction. The most frequently reported symptoms of hypersensitivity include nausea, rash, dyspnoea, back pain, chest discomfort (including chest tightness), urticaria, arthralgia, and headache.. Symptoms consistent with anaphylaxis have been reported in patients in clinical studies and in post-marketing experience. Apart from symptoms associated with hypersensitivity reactions IRRs might show as fatigue, dizziness, pyrexia, blood pressure increase or pruritus. In treatment-naïve patients, the majority of infusion-related reactions occurred during the first 6 months of treatment.

Prevention and Management of infusion related reactions including hypersensitivity reactions

The management of infusion-related reactions should be based on the severity of the reaction, and include slowing the infusion rate, treatment with medicinal products such as antihistamines, antipyretics and/or corticosteroids, and/or stopping and resuming treatment with increased infusion time.

Due to the risk for hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis appropriate medical support, including adequately trained personnel in emergency measures, should be readily available when velaglucerase alfa is administered. If anaphylactic or other acute reactions occur, in the clinic or home setting, immediately discontinue the infusion and initiate appropriate medical treatment. For patients developing anaphylaxis in a home setting it should be considered to continue treatment in a clinical setting.

Treatment should be approached with caution in patients who have exhibited symptoms of hypersensitivity to velaglucerase alfa or other enzyme replacement therapy.

Pre-treatment with antihistamines and/or corticosteroids may prevent subsequent reactions in those cases where symptomatic treatment was required.

Immunogenicity

Antibodies may play a role in treatment-related reactions found with the use of velaglucerase alfa. To further evaluate the relationship, in cases of severe infusion-related reactions and in cases of lack or loss of effect patients should be tested for the presence of antibodies and the results reported to the company.

In the clinical trials, one of 94 (1%) patients developed IgG-class antibodies to velaglucerase alfa. In this one event, the antibodies were determined to be neutralising in an in vitro assay. No infusion-related reactions were reported for this patient. No patients developed IgE antibodies to velaglucerase alfa.

Sodium

This medicinal product contains 12.15 mg sodium per vial. To be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.

ВПРИВ has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive or use machines.

Summary of the safety profile

The data described below reflect exposure of 94 patients with type 1 Gaucher disease who received velaglucerase alfa at doses ranging from 15 to 60 Units/kg every other week in 5 clinical studies. Fifty-four patients were naïve to ERT and 40 patients switched from imiglucerase to ВПРИВ. Patients were between 4 and 71 years old at the time of first treatment with ВПРИВ, and included 46 male and 48 female patients.

The most serious adverse reactions in patients in clinical trials were hypersensitivity reactions.

The most common adverse reactions were infusion-related reactions.). The only adverse reaction leading to discontinuation of treatment was an infusion-related reaction.

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

Adverse reactions reported in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease are listed in Table 1. Information is presented by system organ class and frequency according to MedDRA convention. Frequency is defined as very common (>1/10) and common (>1/100 to <1/10). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Adverse drug reactions derived from post-marketing reports other than interventional clinical trials are printed in italics.

Table 1: Adverse reactions reported with ВПРИВ observed in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease Italic text denotes post-marketing event.

Paediatric population

The safety profile of ВПРИВ in clinical studies involving children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years was similar to that observed in adult patients.

Elderly population (>65 years)

The safety profile of ВПРИВ in clinical studies involving patients aged 65 years and above was similar to that observed in other adult patients.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via

United Kingdom:

Yellow Card Scheme

Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Ireland:

HPRA Pharmacovigilance

Earlsfort Terrace

IRL - Dublin 2

Tel: +353 1 6764971

Fax: +353 1 6762517

Website: www.hpra.ie

e-mail: [email protected]

There is no experience with overdose of velaglucerase alfa.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other alimentary tract and metabolism products - enzymes, ATC code: A16AB10.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GBA gene which results in a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase. This enzymatic deficiency causes an accumulation of glucocerebroside primarily in macrophages, giving rise to foam cells or "Gaucher cells". In this lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), clinical features are reflective of the distribution of Gaucher cells in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skeleton, and lungs. The accumulation of glucocerebroside in the liver and spleen leads to organomegaly. Bone involvement results in skeletal abnormalities and deformities as well as bone pain crises. Deposits in the bone marrow and splenic sequestration lead to clinically significant anaemia and thrombocytopenia.

The active substance of ВПРИВ is velaglucerase alfa, which is produced by gene activation technology in a human cell line. Velaglucerase alfa is a glycoprotein. The monomer is approximately 63 kDa, has 497 amino acids, and the same amino acid sequence as the naturally occurring human enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. There are 5 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, four of which are occupied. Velaglucerase alfa is manufactured to contain predominantly high-mannose-type glycans to facilitate internalisation of the enzyme by the phagocytic target cells via the mannose receptor.

Velaglucerase alfa supplements or replaces beta-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide in the lysosome, reducing the amount of accumulated glucocerebroside and correcting the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease. Velaglucerase alfa increases haemoglobin concentration and platelet counts and reduces liver and spleen volumes in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease.

In Studies 025EXT and 034, patients were offered home therapy. In Study 025EXT, 7 of 10 patients received home therapy at least once during 60 months of treatment. In Study 034, 25 of 40 patients received home therapy at least once during the 12-month study.

Clinical efficacy and safety

Studies in treatment naïve patients

Study 025 was a 9 month, open-label study in 12 adult (>18 years) patients who were naïve to ERT (defined as having not been treated with ERT for at least 12 months prior to study entry). Velaglucerase alfa was initially administered in a dose-escalating fashion in the first 3 patients (15, 30, 60 Units/kg) and the 9 remaining patients began treatment with 60 Units/kg.

Clinically meaningful improvements from baseline were observed in haemoglobin concentration and platelet counts as early as 3 months and in liver and spleen volumes at both 6 months and 9 months following the initiation of treatment with velaglucerase alfa.

Ten patients who completed Study 025 enrolled in an open-label extension study (025EXT), 8 of whom completed the study. After a minimum of 12 months of continuous treatment with velaglucerase alfa, all patients qualified to have the dose of velaglucerase alfa reduced in a step-wise fashion from 60 to 30 Units/kg after achieving at least 2 of the 4 “Year 1” therapeutic goals of ERT for type 1 Gaucher disease. Patients received doses ranging from 30 to 60 Units/kg (median dose 35 Units/kg) every other week for up to 84 months (7 years). Sustained clinical activity continued to be demonstrated during treatment as observed by improvements in haemoglobin concentrations and platelet counts and reduced liver and spleen volumes.

By month 57, 8 out of the 8 patients had achieved a reduction of at least 2 points in the lumbar spine Bone Marrow Burden (BMB) score as assessed by MRI scan. Improvement from baseline in mean lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores were observed at month 24 (0.4; 95% CI 0.1, 0.7) and month 33 (0.4; 95% CI 0.2, 0.6), respectively. After seven years of treatment, the mean increase from baseline in Z-scores were 0.7 (95% CI 0.4, 1.0) for the lumbar spine and 0.5 (95% CI 0.2, 0.7) for the femoral neck. No patients were classified at a more severe WHO classification of bone density compared to baseline.

Study 032 was a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group efficacy study in 25 patients aged 2 years and older who were naïve to ERT (defined as having not been treated with ERT for at least 30 months prior to study entry). Patients were required to have Gaucher disease-related anaemia and either thrombocytopenia or organomegaly. Patients were randomized to receive velaglucerase alfa at a dose of either 45 Units/kg (N=13) or 60 Units/kg (N=12) every other week.

Velaglucerase alfa 60 Units/kg given intravenously every other week demonstrated clinically meaningful increases from baseline in mean haemoglobin concentration (+2.4 g/dl) and platelet count (+50.9 x 10⁹/l), liver volume was reduced from 1.46 to 1.22 times normal (mean reduction of 17%) and spleen volume was reduced from 14.0 to 5.75 times normal (mean reduction of 50%). Meaningful increases from baseline were observed in the 45 Units/kg dose group in haemoglobin concentration (+2.4 g/dl) and platelet count (+40.9 x 10⁹/l), liver volume was reduced from 1.40 to 1.24 times normal (mean reduction of 6%) and spleen volume was reduced from 14.5 to 9.50 times normal (mean reduction of 40%).

Study 039 was a 9-month, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority, active-comparator (imiglucerase) controlled, parallel-group efficacy study in 34 patients aged 2 years and older who were naïve to ERT (defined as having not been treated with ERT for at least 12 months prior to study entry). Patients were required to have Gaucher disease-related anaemia and either thrombocytopenia or organomegaly. Patients received either 60 Units/kg of velaglucerase alfa (N=17) or 60 Units/kg of imiglucerase (N=17) every other week.

The mean absolute increase from baseline in haemoglobin concentrations was 1.624 g/dl (±0.223 SE) following 9 months of treatment with velaglucerase alfa. This increase in haemoglobin concentration was demonstrated to be clinically and statistically non-inferior to imiglucerase (mean treatment difference of change from baseline to 9 months [velaglucerase alfa - imiglucerase]: 0.135 g/dl). There were no statistically significant differences between velaglucerase alfa and imiglucerase in changes in platelet counts and liver and spleen volumes after 9 months of velaglucerase alfa treatment, and in the time to first haemoglobin response (defined as 1 g/dl increase from baseline).

Study in patients switching from imiglucerase treatment to ВПРИВ

Study 034 was a 12-month, open-label safety study in 40 patients aged 2 years and older who had been receiving treatment with imiglucerase at doses ranging from 15 to 60 Units/kg for a minimum of 30 consecutive months. Patients were required to have a stable dose of imiglucerase for at least 6 months prior to study enrolment. Treatment with velaglucerase alfa was administered as the same number of units and regimen as their imiglucerase dose. Haemoglobin concentration and platelet counts were evaluated as changes from baseline, which was defined as the end of the patient's treatment with imiglucerase.

In patients who switched from imiglucerase to velaglucerase alfa, haemoglobin concentrations and platelet counts were sustained at therapeutic levels through 12 months of treatment.

Study 058 was an open-label clinical safety study in 211 patients including 205 patients previously treated with imiglucerase 6 treatment-naïve patients and 57 patients aged 65 years or older (56/57 had switched from imiglucerase to velaglucerase alfa). Patients transferring from imiglucerase were administered velaglucerase alfa infusions every other week at the same number of units as imiglucerase within the range of 15 to 60 Units/kg. Patients transferring from a dose of <15 Units/kg imiglucerase were administered 15 Units/kg of velaglucerase alfa.

Patients previously treated with imiglucerase received a median of 8 velaglucerase alfa infusions with median duration of treatment of 15.1 weeks. The safety profile in these patients was similar to that observed in other clinical trials. Only 1 out of 163 patients assessed developed anti-velaglucerase alfa antibodies during the study.

The mean haemoglobin concentration and platelet count of patients previously treated with imiglucerase were maintained throughout the study and remained within the reference intervals.

Extension Study 044

A total of 95 patients (73 adult and 22 paediatric) who participated in studies 032, 034, and 039 enrolled in the open label extension study and were treated with velaglucerase alfa. 57 patients were treatment-naïve. All patients received at least 2 years of ERT and were followed for a mean of 4.5 years (min. 2.3 years, max 5.8 years).

In this study, haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, liver volume and spleen volume were assessed in treatment-naïve patients after 24 months of treatment. The results are presented in Table 2.

In this study, BMD was assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Among 31 treatment-naïve adult patients treated with velaglucerase alfa, the mean lumbar spine BMD Z-score at baseline was -1.820 (95% CI: -2.21, -1.43) and increased by 0.62 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.84) from baseline following 24 months of treatment with velaglucerase alfa. Similar results were seen in treatment-naïve patients who received 9 months of imiglucerase followed by velaglucerase alfa for 15 months. In patients who switched from long-term imiglucerase to velaglucerase alfa, lumbar spine BMD was maintained at 24 months. In contrast, no significant change in femoral neck BMD was observed.

In the paediatric population (ages 4 to 17 years studied), increases in the mean height Z-score were seen through 60 months of treatment in the overall treatment-naïve population, suggesting a beneficial treatment effect with velaglucerase alfa on linear growth. Similar treatment effects were seen through 48 months in the paediatric population who received 9 months of imiglucerase followed by velaglucerase alfa. Paediatric subjects who switched from long-term imiglucerase to velaglucerase alfa in study 034 had greater mean height Z-scores at baseline and their mean height Z-scores remained stable over time.

These treatment effects on haemoglobin, platelet count, organ volumes, bone mineral density and height were maintained through the end of the study.

Paediatric population

Use in the age group 4 to 17 is supported by evidence from controlled studies in adults and paediatric [20 of 94 (21%)] patients.Extension Study 044).

Phase I/II study HGT-GCB-068 was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of velaglucerase alfa ERT in treatment naïve children and adolescents with type 3 Gaucher disease. This was a multicentre, open-label study in which 60 U/kg of velaglucerase alfa was administered by intravenous infusion every other week (EOW) over 12 months in 6 patients (2 to 17 years of age at enrolment) with a confirmed diagnosis of type 3 Gaucher disease.

In this small, exploratory study, the non-neurological efficacy findings and the safety profile of intravenous velaglucerase alfa in type 3 Gaucher patients were consistent with those observed in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. There was no indication of significant improvements of the neurological manifestations of type 3 Gaucher disease except for one patient in this study.

The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies with ВПРИВ in all subsets of the paediatric population with type 2 Gaucher disease.

There were no apparent pharmacokinetic differences between male and female patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. None of the subjects in the pharmacokinetic studies were positive for anti-velaglucerase alfa antibodies on the days of pharmacokinetic evaluation. Therefore, it was not possible to evaluate the effect of antibody response on the pharmacokinetic profile of velaglucerase alfa.

Absorption

Velaglucerase alfa serum concentrations rose rapidly for the first 20 minutes of the 60-minute infusion before leveling off, and C_max was typically attained between 40 and 60 minutes after the start of the infusion. After the end of the infusion, velaglucerase alfa serum concentrations fell rapidly in a monophasic or biphasic fashion with a mean t_1/2 ranging from 5 to 12 minutes at doses of 15, 30, 45, and 60 Units/kg.

Distribution

Velaglucerase alfa exhibited an approximately linear (i.e. first-order) pharmacokinetic profile, and C_max and AUC increased approximately proportional to the dose over the dose range 15 to 60 Units/kg. The steady state volume of distribution was approximately 10% of the body weight. The high clearance of velaglucerase alfa from serum (mean 6.7 to 7.6 ml/min/kg) is consistent with the rapid uptake of velaglucerase alfa into macrophages via mannose receptors.

Elimination

The range of velaglucerase alfa clearance in paediatric patients (N=7, age range 4 to 17 years) was contained within the range of clearance values in adult patients (N=15, age range 19 to 62 years).

Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, and toxicity to reproduction and development.

In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.

ВПРИВ requires reconstitution and dilution, and is intended for intravenous infusion only. It is for single-use only and is administered through a 0.22 µm filter.

Aseptic technique must be used.

Prepare ВПРИВ as follows:

1. The number of vials to be reconstituted is determined based on the individual patient's weight and the prescribed dose.

2. The required vials are removed from the refrigerator. Each 400 Units vial is reconstituted with 4.3 ml of sterile water for injections.

3. Upon reconstitution, vials should be mixed gently. Vials should not be shaken. Each vial will contain an extractable volume of 4.0 ml (100 Units/ml).

4. Prior to further dilution, the solution in the vials should be visually inspected; the solution should be clear to slightly opalescent and colourless; the solution should not be used if it is discoloured or if foreign particulate matter is present.

5. The calculated volume of medicinal product is withdrawn from the appropriate number of vials and the total volume required is diluted in 100 ml of sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9%) solution for infusion. The product should be mixed gently. It should not be shaken. The infusion should be initiated within 24 hours from the time of reconstitution.

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.