Perofen

Quick links to important sections

Medically reviewed

Rosario Oropesa

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Perofen

What is Perofen?

Perofen is a pharmaceutical formulation that combines two active therapeutic agents: ibuprofen and paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen). This combination is designed to manage pain and reduce fever by utilizing two different mechanisms of action within the body.

Composition and Classification

The two components of Perofen belong to different classes of medication:

  • Ibuprofen: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that signal pain and cause inflammation.
  • Paracetamol: An analgesic and antipyretic agent. While its exact mechanism is not fully understood, it is believed to elevate the body's overall pain threshold and act on the heat-regulating center of the brain to reduce fever.

Therapeutic Purpose

Perofen is primarily used for the temporary relief of mild to moderate pain. By combining these two agents, the medication addresses pain through complementary pathways. It is commonly used for conditions such as:

  • Muscle aches and back pain
  • Headaches and migraines
  • Dental pain
  • Menstrual cramps
  • Symptoms associated with the common cold or flu, including fever

How it Functions

When taken together in a single formulation, the ibuprofen and paracetamol in Perofen work simultaneously. Ibuprofen provides anti-inflammatory action at the site of tissue injury or irritation, while paracetamol acts centrally to modulate the perception of pain. This dual-action approach is intended to provide effective relief when a single-ingredient analgesic may not be sufficient.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH

What side effects are possible with Perofen?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The safety profile of Perofen (Ibuprofen) is structured by regulatory bodies to communicate potential adverse reactions based on their frequency and impact on organ systems. Adverse reactions are classified according to regulatory standards (e.g., SmPC frequency bands) into categories such as Common, Uncommon, Rare, and Very Rare.

Classification Examples of Documented Adverse Reactions
Common Headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Uncommon Hypersensitivity reactions, gastric ulcer, gastritis, and visual impairment.

Serious risks documented in official labels involve several major System Organ Classes, including Gastrointestinal disorders, Cardiac disorders, Vascular disorders, and Renal disorders. The label specifically highlights the potential for Serious Adverse Reactions, such as life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, or perforation. There is also a documented risk of serious Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The risk of these events may start early in treatment and is generally noted to be higher with long-term use or at higher doses.

Population-Specific Safety Considerations are defined in official labeling. Older adults are noted to have an increased risk for adverse reactions, especially fatal gastrointestinal events. Use is restricted or contraindicated in specific circumstances, such as in patients with a history of allergic reactions to other NSAIDs, those with severe hepatic or renal impairment, or immediately following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Furthermore, use is generally avoided during late stages of pregnancy due to documented fetal risks.

Overdose and Emergency Response

The regulatory overdose profile for Perofen (Ibuprofen) documents recognized symptoms and severe potential complications involving multiple organ systems. Initial manifestations officially listed in labeling frequently involve the gastrointestinal system, presenting as nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and abdominal discomfort. Central nervous system effects are commonly cited, including headache, lethargy, drowsiness, and ringing in the ears (tinnitus).

A suspected or known overdose, regardless of initial symptom severity, requires immediate medical attention. Regulatory authorities mandate contacting emergency services or a national Poison Control Center without delay.

In severe overdose cases, the official label documents the potential for life-threatening systemic outcomes. These include acute kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, severe gastrointestinal bleeding, hypotension leading to shock, and serious CNS events such as seizures and coma. Management is officially described as symptomatic and supportive, as no specific antidote is known. Procedures such as the administration of activated charcoal, intravenous fluid support, and continuous monitoring of vital signs may be required in a hospital setting. Specific considerations are noted for pediatric patients, where ingestion of 400 mg/kg or more is associated with a higher risk of serious toxicity.

Therapeutic Uses of Perofen

What Perofen Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Perofen is commonly used across therapeutic domains where additional symptomatic support is needed, particularly for addressing symptom clusters related to physical discomfort, inflammation, and systemic imbalance. This medication is applied when conditions involve episodic or fluctuating manifestations, such as pain and fever.

The medication is relevant for easing symptoms associated with chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, acute pain such as tension headaches and toothaches, and the discomfort of primary dysmenorrhea.

“The primary function of this medication is to provide supportive relief, assisting patients to cope more steadily with temporary discomfort and inflammation.”

In clinical scenarios, Perofen plays a role in managing symptoms that create noticeable physiological strain, often used during phases when symptoms become more noticeable, such as during seasonal illness or following minor medical or dental interventions. It contributes to easing the symptom load, which may assist with supporting general well-being during symptomatic periods.

Quick Fact: Symptom Clusters Managed
Pain Types Headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, joint stiffness, and muscle aches.
Systemic Symptoms Fever (elevated body temperature) and general body malaise.
Inflammatory States Swelling, tenderness, and localized discomfort in joints and soft tissues.

Regulatory References

  1. National Library of Medicine (NIH) MedlinePlus overview

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Perofen (Ibuprofen) use is strictly governed by regulatory eligibility rules defining who can and cannot use the medicine. It is contraindicated and must not be used by individuals with a known hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen, aspirin, or other NSAIDs, including those with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Further absolute exclusions apply to patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulceration, severe heart failure (NYHA Class IV), severe hepatic or renal failure, or those recovering from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The medicine is prohibited during the third trimester of pregnancy (starting at approx 30 weeks gestation) and is not recommended for women trying to conceive. Use is permitted but restricted in several populations due to increased risk. Older adults (aged 60 and over) are required to use the medicine with caution due to a higher risk of serious adverse events. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, existing cardiovascular risk factors, or mild-to-moderate renal or hepatic impairment should only use the medicine under careful consideration, typically at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. General use in infants under six months is not established in the official labeling.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Perofen (ketoprofen), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can interact with several other medications, increasing the risk of serious side effects or reducing the effectiveness of one or both drugs. It is essential to discuss all current medications, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal products, with a healthcare professional before starting Perofen.

Category of Interacting Drug Potential Interaction and Risk
Other NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin for pain/fever) Significantly increased risk of serious gastrointestinal issues, such as ulcers or bleeding. Avoid concurrent use.
Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners, e.g., Warfarin, Heparin) Majorly increased risk of serious bleeding events (hemorrhage).
Antiplatelet Drugs (e.g., low-dose aspirin for heart protection) Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Monitoring is essential; specific timing of doses may be necessary.
Diuretics & Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors, ARBs) May reduce the blood pressure-lowering effect of these drugs and increase the risk of kidney problems.
Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone) Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration.
Lithium or Methotrexate Perofen can increase the blood levels of these medications, potentially leading to toxicity. Dose adjustments and close monitoring are required.

In addition to medications, alcohol and tobacco use should be avoided as they significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding while taking Perofen. Individuals with a history of asthma, particularly if aspirin-sensitive, or those with severe heart failure, should generally avoid Perofen.

Mechanism of Action

How Perofen Works: Mechanism of Action

Targeting the Eicosanoid Synthesis Pathway

Perofen's core mechanism is the reversible inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically both isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are critical for initiating the arachidonic acid cascade, which converts arachidonic acid into prostanoid mediators , such as PGE2. This interaction decreases the availability of these prostanoid regulators that govern local and systemic processes.


Modulating Nociceptive and Vascular Signals

By limiting prostanoid synthesis, the drug decreases the function of these molecules as chemical sensitizers of peripheral nerve endings (nociceptors) at sites of tissue changes. This pathway adjustment attenuates the transmission efficiency of nociceptive signaling and restricts local vascular responses, which corresponds to the physiological dampening of nociception and inflammatory signs.


Influencing Central Thermoregulation

The mechanism also extends to the central nervous system. In the hypothalamus, PGE2 inhibition suppresses the signaling required to elevate the central thermal set-point. This direct interference with the thermoregulatory pathway is the biological basis for the resulting shift in the hypothalamic thermal set-point.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Perofen is Used: Official Administration Guidelines

Perofen (Ibuprofen) administration is governed by specific instructions outlined in official prescribing information, defining the official route, dosage limits, and timing. These guidelines ensure standardized use as established by pharmaceutical and clinical standards.


Administration and Dosing

Usage Aspect Official Regulatory Instruction
Route of Administration Primarily Oral (tablet, capsule, or suspension). Intravenous (IV) infusion is an approved route reserved for use in professional settings.
Standard Dosing Adult doses range from 200 mg to 800 mg per intake. The total daily dose for prescription use is generally limited to a maximum of 3200 mg in divided doses.
Frequency and Timing Dosing intervals are typically every 4 to 6 hours as needed for relief, adhering to the principle of using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary (L.E.D.S.D.).
Contextual Instructions Oral forms are officially recommended to be taken with food or milk to mitigate potential stomach irritation.
Duration of Use Over-the-counter (OTC) use is generally limited to a maximum of 10 days for pain or 3 days for fever without further medical guidance.

Population and Procedural Rules

Specific administration rules apply to certain populations and forms. Pediatric dosing is determined by body weight (mg/kg) for children aged six months and older, as detailed in the official prescribing information. Older adults are advised to adhere strictly to the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration.

For proper administration, certain solid oral dosage forms (e.g., some coated or extended-release tablets) must not be crushed or chewed. Intravenous administration must be performed as a slow infusion over a minimum of 30 minutes following specific dilution protocols by a healthcare professional.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Perofen


Evidence for Use in Acute Pain and Primary Dysmenorrhea

Research exploring Perofen for use in acute, short-term discomfort involved Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and subsequent large-scale systematic reviews and meta-analyses. These studies were primarily relevant in trials assessing short-term or episodic symptom patterns, focusing on conditions characterized by acute or disruptive episodes, such as tension headaches, toothaches, and menstrual discomfort. Studies exploring short-term symptom changes measured outcomes related to pain intensity at various time points, as well as how quickly patients noticed a change in their symptoms. The evidence contributes to the broader research landscape regarding short-term symptomatic change.

However, research in this area focuses almost exclusively on short follow-up durations, typically a single dose or a few days of treatment. This indicates there is limited information for long-term outcomes or the symptomatic profile with continuous use over extended periods.


Evidence for Use in Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Perofen was studied for its use in chronic conditions characterized by functional limitations and periods of heightened symptoms, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The research here included RCTs in which symptomatic outcomes were measured, complemented by large-scale, long-term observational studies evaluating daily-life functioning. Research exploring chronic symptom patterns described measured outcomes related to pain and functional endpoints in the observed populations.

Research has also explored the defined analgesic ceiling dose, and studies reported patterns suggesting that the magnitude of measured symptomatic change may decrease over time. Research addressing the complexity of long-term observational data at higher dose levels complicates definitive conclusions on comparative outcomes.


What the Research Landscape Still Shows as Uncertain

The existing body of research focuses on what has been studied—and what remains uncertain. Evidence quality varies across studies, particularly when moving from acute, controlled trials to long-term observational data. A key gap is that the evidence focuses heavily on short-term symptom changes, and the long-term outcomes are not fully established regarding the sustained symptomatic profile. Furthermore, research exploring short-term symptom changes has not fully clarified how the symptomatic outcomes compare to other treatments across all indications, as findings were mixed in many head-to-head trials.

Key Studies & References

  1. Ibuprofen: Drug Information Portal
  2. Comparison of ibuprofen versus placebo in acute pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  3. Cardiovascular risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Perofen (FAQ)


Q: How quickly does Perofen start to work?

Regulatory information indicates that administration on an empty stomach may be associated with a faster onset of action. The timing of food intake is noted to influence how quickly the medicine starts to work.


Q: How long does the effect of one Perofen tablet usually last?

Pharmacokinetic properties described in official product information can help explain how long the drug remains active in the body. Evidence indicates that the elimination half-life of the active ingredient is generally in the range of 1.9 to 2.2 hours.


Q: Is Perofen appropriate for use by older adults?

Regulatory documents note that precautions are necessary when considering treatment for older adults. This is because this population is generally more susceptible to certain adverse effects, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.


Q: Why do some people need to take Perofen with food?

Official regulatory guidelines state that taking the medicine with food or milk is a method used to help mitigate potential stomach irritation. This instruction is provided for people with sensitive stomachs.


Q: What if I experience a rare side effect mentioned in the leaflet?

Official advice indicates that signs of serious reactions, such as a rash or other signs of hypersensitivity, require discontinuation of the medicine and seeking immediate professional attention. Such reactions are classified as severe potential adverse effects.


Q: Can Perofen be used safely by teenagers or children?

The use of the drug in children aged six months and older is described in official regulatory labeling. Specific dosing is calculated based on body weight, while use in infants under six months is generally not established in the official documents.


Q: Is Perofen the same kind of medicine as Advil or Tylenol?

According to official drug classifications, Perofen's active ingredient belongs to the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) class. Tylenol’s active ingredient, Acetaminophen, is classified differently as a pain reliever/fever reducer, which distinguishes its pharmacological properties.


Q: Why is Perofen sometimes used for chronic conditions?

Perofen's core purpose is symptomatic relief, and it provides an anti-inflammatory action that can address the inflammatory process. Official information indicates this property is relevant in managing symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory conditions like arthritis.


Q: Are there any long-term effects of taking Perofen frequently?

Official regulatory documents state that long-term use and use at high doses are associated with increased risks of serious adverse reactions. These potential effects include serious issues such as gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration and cardiovascular thrombotic events.


Q: What are the most commonly reported side effects of Perofen?

Official clinical trial data describes the most frequently reported adverse reactions (incidence of 1% or greater) that were observed in patients. These frequently reported issues include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, upper abdominal pain, and headache.


Q: Is there a list of common foods or supplements that interact with Perofen?

Official warnings specify that concomitant use with alcohol may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Official guidance emphasizes the importance of discussing all current medications, supplements, and herbal products with a healthcare professional.


Q: What is the difference between Perofen and a prescription painkiller?

Perofen's active ingredient, Ibuprofen, is widely available for symptomatic relief as an over-the-counter (OTC) medicine. In contrast, certain other pain relief medications are classified as prescription-only drugs.


Q: What does the research say about Perofen's effectiveness for migraines?

Official regulatory labeling for specific products containing the active ingredient of Perofen includes an indication for the treatment of pain associated with migraine headaches. This means its use for this purpose is supported by regulatory indication.


Q: Why is Perofen sometimes called by a different name in other countries?

The medicine is defined by its active pharmaceutical ingredient, Ibuprofen, which is consistent globally. The different names simply refer to various regional brand names under which the active ingredient is marketed.


Q: What is the safety classification of Perofen?

According to official documents, Ibuprofen is generally categorized as a Pregnancy Risk Category C in the first and second trimesters. Official information indicates that its use is restricted during the third trimester of pregnancy due to documented risks to the fetus.


Q: Is it normal for me to feel a little dizzy after taking Perofen?

Official regulatory documents classify dizziness as a Common adverse reaction. This indicates that a certain number of patients experience this effect during use.


Q: Is it okay to have a glass of wine while the medicine is active?

Official warnings specify that the risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding is higher if a person consumes three or more alcoholic drinks every day while using the product.


Q: Can I take Perofen before driving or operating machinery?

Official sources indicate that caution is necessary when driving or operating machinery because documented adverse effects such as dizziness, fatigue, or visual disturbance may occur. Patients should be aware of these potential effects.


Q: How should I store Perofen tablets?

Official labeling mandates that Perofen tablets must be stored at Controlled Room Temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F). They must also be protected from excessive heat and moisture to maintain stability.


Q: What happens if I forget to take a scheduled dose of Perofen?

Instructions provided in patient information leaflets typically state the importance of maintaining the recommended time interval between doses. The guidance is to avoid exceeding the maximum daily dose for a 24-hour period.


Q: Does Perofen contain any habit-forming substances?

Perofen is officially classified as a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID). Its active ingredient, Ibuprofen, is not designated as a controlled substance with recognized addictive potential.


Q: Are there different forms of Perofen (e.g., liquid, extended-release)?

Official documents list common forms including Oral Tablet, Capsule, Suspension, and Topical Gel. Regulatory administration rules also refer to certain solid oral dosage forms that must not be crushed.


Q: Does Perofen have any known interactions with herbal supplements?

Official documents generally do not list individual herbal supplements by name. However, official documents highlight the importance of discussing all current medications, supplements, and herbal products with a healthcare professional to assess potential risks.


Q: What scientific evidence supports the use of Perofen for arthritis?

Official information indicates that research on Perofen for conditions like arthritis includes Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and long-term observational studies. These studies evaluate outcomes related to pain and functional endpoints in populations with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.


Q: What common symptoms does Perofen help manage?

According to the official indications and usage, the medicine is generally used to provide symptomatic relief from pain, fever, and discomfort. This includes common conditions such as tension headaches, toothaches, and mild musculoskeletal aches.


Q: Is there a maximum number of days I can take Perofen continuously?

Official guidelines for acute self-treatment generally limit use to 10 days for pain or 3 days for fever without further medical guidance. For continuous use in chronic conditions, the treatment plan must be reviewed by a healthcare professional at regular intervals.


Q: How is Perofen eliminated from the body?

Official pharmacokinetic information indicates that the drug is primarily eliminated through metabolism in the liver. The resulting inactive metabolites and a small amount of unchanged drug are then excreted rapidly and completely by the kidney in the urine.


Q: Why is the dosage sometimes different for adults and children?

Official regulatory rationales state that pediatric dosing is based on the child's body weight (mg/kg). This ensures that the appropriate therapeutic levels are reached, which differs from the fixed dose ranges commonly used for adults.


Q: Can Perofen cause issues with light sensitivity?

The class of medications to which Perofen belongs (NSAIDs) has been associated with reports of photosensitivity (increased skin or eye sensitivity to UV light) in medical literature.

How should Perofen be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Perofen?

The storage and disposal of Perofen (Ibuprofen) are governed by regulatory guidelines to preserve the medicine's stability and ensure safety.

Official Storage Requirements

Perofen must be stored at Controlled Room Temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C. It is mandatory to keep the medicine from freezing and to protect it from excessive heat and moisture. Always store the product in its original container and ensure the cap is tightly closed.

Child Safety and Disposal

As a critical safety rule, Perofen must be kept out of the sight and reach of children. For disposal, unused or expired medication should be taken to a drug take-back program. Regulatory instructions prohibit discarding the medicine in wastewater or household trash without first following approved guidelines for rendering it unusable.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

Available in countries:

Equivalent of Perofen found in:

A-Z Index: