Menaril

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Medically reviewed

Rosario Oropesa

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Menaril

The name Menaril refers to a synthetic pharmaceutical preparation whose active ingredient is the internationally recognized non-proprietary name (INN) Ketoprofen. This medicine is broadly classified within the established category of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), a class of compounds known for their ability to manage pain and inflammation.


Property Description
Active ingredient Ketoprofen (INN)
Form Tablets, capsules, gels, creams, and injectable solutions
Pharmacological class Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Common use Symptomatic relief of pain, inflammation, and fever
Origin Synthetic, aryl-propionic acid derivative

What Type of Medicine is Menaril and What Does it Contain?

Menaril is a single-component, synthetic product containing Ketoprofen, which is specifically defined as an aryl-propionic acid derivative. This chemical classification is significant as it situates Ketoprofen among agents designed to mitigate inflammatory processes; the drug functions to target factors associated with pain and swelling.

The composition of Menaril varies based on its pharmaceutical form: it includes standard excipients for oral dosage forms, specialized solvents for parenteral solutions for injection, and oleaginous or hydrophilic bases for topical gels and creams.

What is the General Purpose and Mechanism of Menaril?

The general therapeutic purpose of Menaril is to provide relief from symptoms associated with localized and systemic pain, inflammation, and fever. For instance, it is commonly used for managing the discomfort associated with mild musculoskeletal injuries. It achieves its effect by functioning as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, a key pharmacological action that interrupts the body's synthesis of prostaglandins, the chemical messengers responsible for initiating and propagating inflammation.

This interruption in the chemical cascade results in dual actions of analgesia (pain reduction) and anti-inflammatory effects. The drug can be administered systemically (oral, injectable) to manage internal symptoms, or topically (via the skin) for conditions confined to accessible areas like joints and muscles, offering versatility in application that is a key differentiating feature among NSAIDs.

What side effects are possible with Menaril?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The safety profile for Menaril (active ingredient: betahistine) is primarily structured by known side effects, specific contraindications, and precautions for certain patient populations as documented in regulatory sources.

Adverse Reactions

Adverse reactions observed in clinical trials and post-marketing reports are generally mild. The most Common side effects reported include:

  • Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea and indigestion (dyspepsia).
  • Nervous system disorders: Headache.

Other reactions, such as mild stomach complaints (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating), skin rash, itching (pruritus), and hives (urticaria), have been reported spontaneously post-marketing (frequency not known). Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including swelling of the face, lips, or tongue (angioneurotic edema) and anaphylaxis, have been reported rarely.

Safety Restrictions and Contraindications

Menaril is Contraindicated in patients with:

  • A history of or current phaeochromocytoma (a rare adrenal gland tumor), due to the risk of severe blood pressure increase.
  • Known hypersensitivity to the active substance or any non-medicinal ingredients.

Caution is advised in patients with:

  • Bronchial asthma.
  • Peptic ulceration or a history of stomach ulcers.

Population-Specific Safety Notes

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy as a precautionary measure due to limited human safety data. Use during breastfeeding should also be avoided due to insufficient data on excretion into human milk.
  • Pediatric Use: The medicine is not recommended for use in children and adolescents below 18 years of age due to a lack of data establishing safety and efficacy in this age group.

Overdose Safety

While mild to moderate symptoms (e.g., nausea, abdominal pain) have been reported at doses up to 640 mg, more serious complications, including convulsions and pulmonary or cardiac complications, have been observed with intentional overdoses, especially when combined with other medications.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose Manifestations and Severe Risks

A Menaril (Ketoprofen) overdose may present with documented signs primarily affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) and central nervous systems (CNS). Common manifestations include nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, and drowsiness, often accompanied by headache or dizziness. Severe or life-threatening outcomes typically follow large ingestions and include Gastrointestinal bleeding, Acute renal failure, and Cardiovascular instability (hypotension or hypertension). In large overdoses, CNS effects can escalate to convulsions (seizures), respiratory depression, and coma, which represent critical concerns documented in regulatory profiles.


Emergency Action and Supportive Care

Immediate medical attention is required for any suspected overdose. The official regulatory advice mandates contacting a Poison Control Center or Emergency Services immediately. Treatment is defined as strictly symptomatic and supportive. Regulatory documents state that no specific antidote is known for Ketoprofen. Supportive care measures described in official labeling may involve gastric decontamination procedures like activated charcoal or gastric lavage, depending on clinical status. Hospital monitoring requirements often include continuous observation, ECG checks, and frequent blood and urine tests to monitor for organ damage, such as kidney impairment.

Therapeutic Uses of Menaril

What Menaril Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Menaril is commonly used to provide supportive symptomatic relief across key therapeutic domains characterized by symptoms related to inflammatory or irritative states, pain, and systemic imbalance, contributing to easing distress when symptoms become more noticeable. The medication is generally relevant for both chronic and short-term symptom management.

Management of Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Menaril is relevant in conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It is commonly applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed to help manage joint pain, tenderness, and stiffness, and may assist in supporting functional stability, helping to ease the overall symptom load associated with long-term conditions.

Relief for Acute and Traumatic Discomfort

The medication is applied in addressing symptom clusters that may become intense or disruptive, including those associated with acute soft-tissue trauma (like sprains and strains) or postoperative pain. It is also used in situations involving recurrent or episodic manifestations like primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps) and acute gout flares. Applied during phases when symptoms become more noticeable, it supports patients during difficult episodes by helping to ease discomfort.

Addressing General Pain and Systemic Symptoms

Menaril is commonly used when short-term symptomatic assistance is needed for general discomfort, including minor pain from headaches and toothaches. It is also applied in settings marked by temporary physiological imbalance to manage and reduce fever. In these contexts, it offers symptomatic relief that contributes to maintaining a sense of stability during symptomatic periods.


Quick Fact: Relief for Inflammatory Symptoms Menaril is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed, primarily focusing on reducing the discomfort, swelling, and stiffness associated with inflammatory responses in the musculoskeletal system.

Regulatory References

  1. MedlinePlus Drug Information overview

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility for Menaril (Ketoprofen): Official Regulatory Profile

Menaril (Ketoprofen), an NSAID, is approved for use in adults and adolescents generally aged 16 years and older for systemic formulations. Eligibility is strictly defined by government regulatory documents based on pre-existing conditions, age, and physiological status.

Absolute Contraindications

Use is strictly prohibited (contraindicated) for several populations, including patients with a known hypersensitivity to Ketoprofen or any history of aspirin or other NSAID-induced allergic reactions (e.g., asthma, urticaria). The medicine is also contraindicated for women in the third trimester of pregnancy and for patients receiving treatment for peri-operative pain in the setting of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery.

Population Restrictions

  • Age: Safety and effectiveness are not established for systemic use in patients below the age of 18 years.
  • Organ Function: Use is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic or renal insufficiency and is restricted in those with reduced function.
  • Comorbidities: Caution is required, and use may be restricted, in patients with severe heart failure or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration.
  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Use is not recommended while breastfeeding or in women attempting to conceive, and should be avoided during the first two trimesters of pregnancy unless clearly necessary.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Menaril (Ketoprofen) is subject to formally documented interaction patterns stemming from its Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) classification, primarily involving increased risk of bleeding, altered drug clearance, and renal function effects.


Official Interaction Statements

Interaction Type Interacting Agents Official Outcome or Restriction
Contraindicated Combinations Other NSAIDs, High-Dose Salicylates Increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer and hemorrhage.
Additive Bleeding Risk Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin), Antiplatelet Agents, SSRIs Significantly increased risk of haemorrhage.
Reduced Drug Clearance Lithium, Methotrexate Decreased renal clearance, leading to elevated and potentially toxic blood levels of the co-administered drug.
Reduced Efficacy / Renal Risk Diuretics, ACE Inhibitors, ARBs Decreased antihypertensive/diuretic effect and increased risk of acute renal failure.

Administration and Timing Notes

Co-administration with alcohol (ethanol) increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal adverse events, including ulceration and bleeding. For high-dose Methotrexate, regulatory documents indicate that Ketoprofen must be separated by at least 12 hours to mitigate the risk of increased toxicity. Elderly patients are officially noted as being at greater risk for serious gastrointestinal and renal-mediated interaction issues.

Mechanism of Action

Menaril is an antagonist of the human prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2) receptor, exhibiting selective affinity for the EP4 receptor subtype. This receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR) involved in mediating cellular signaling by PGE2.

Binding of Menaril to the EP4 receptor inhibits the receptor's activation of the G s protein subunit. This inhibition prevents the subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase, thereby blocking the PGE2-dependent increase in the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP ( cAMP).

The blockade mitigates the downstream PGE2-mediated signaling cascade that promotes the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. The resulting decrease in PGE2-driven signaling modulates cellular processes, leading to reduced osteoclast activation. This mechanism regulates the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation processes within the skeletal system.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to Use Menaril

Menaril (Ketoprofen) is administered through distinct routes depending on the pharmaceutical form: orally via capsules or topically via a gel. This dual administration approach structures its use across different clinical needs.


Official Dosing and Frequency Patterns

Established administration patterns define both the dose and frequency for its principal forms.

Form Type Standard Dosing Regimen Maximum Daily Dose
Immediate-Release (IR) Capsule 25 mg to 75 mg, taken three or four times daily (TID/QID). 300 mg
Extended-Release (ER) Capsule 200 mg, taken once daily. 200 mg
Topical Gel (2.5% w/w) 2 g to 4 g (5 cm to 10 cm strip), applied 2 to 4 times a day. 15 g

Contextual and Procedural Instructions

Oral Menaril capsules may be taken with food, milk, or antacids to support proper administration. For the extended-release form, the capsule must be swallowed whole and should not be crushed or chewed, as this compromises the time-release mechanism. The medicine may be used for short-term courses in acute conditions or as part of a long-term management plan for chronic inflammatory states.

Specific limitations exist for topical use, which is often restricted to a short duration, such as a maximum of 7 days in some regions. Administration of the topical gel requires washing hands immediately after use and must not involve occlusive dressings. Furthermore, dosage adjustments are generally required for patients with hepatic or renal impairment, often involving a reduction in the maximum allowed daily dose.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Menaril: Recent Clinical Evidence

Menaril, which contains the active ingredient Ketoprofen, has been the subject of multiple types of research to understand how its use was studied in various conditions. This overview describes the research structure, what was observed in trials, and where data remain limited or uncertain.


Evidence for Chronic Inflammatory Conditions (Arthritis)

The evidence base for conditions where Menaril was studied, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, primarily relies on short- to intermediate-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). These studies monitored outcomes like joint pain intensity and physical function. While studies reported measurements when compared to placebo, the trials assessed symptomatic change and did not explore permanent changes in disease course. Long-term data on outcomes and measured symptom changes are not fully established, and evidence comparing the studied cohorts to some newer therapies remains limited.


Evidence for Acute Pain Management and Traumatic Discomfort

Menaril was evaluated in short-duration RCTs that studied conditions associated with acute episodes, such as postoperative pain and soft tissue injuries (sprains and strains). Studies tracked outcomes describing episodic changes, monitoring symptom change over the initial hours or days. Evidence focused primarily on the assessment of acute symptomatic change within a short study duration, and long-term data regarding outcomes or measured symptom changes for recurrence are not fully established.

Research on Topical vs. Oral Formulations

Studies have explored both oral and topical (gel/cream) formulations of the medicine for localized conditions. The topical formulations were evaluated in research examining temporary physiological imbalance, specifically seeking to quantify outcomes related to physical discomfort in accessible areas. Evidence quality varies across studies.


Evidence in Special Populations and Research Gaps

Menaril was evaluated in studies examining populations with varying symptom burdens, including general pain relief for conditions like dysmenorrhea and fever. Research applies primarily to healthy adults; data for certain groups, particularly children and adolescents, are still emerging and generally insufficient. A key limitation is that follow-up durations were limited in many core efficacy trials, meaning long-term data are not fully established. Comparative evidence against some newer non-NSAID agents remains limited.

Key Studies & References

  1. Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics for primary dysmenorrhea - A network meta-analysis
  2. Ketoprofen: MedlinePlus Drug Information (General Overview and Safety Context)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Menaril (FAQ)


Q: Can I take Menaril with ibuprofen?

Regulatory documents state that Menaril (Ketoprofen) is contraindicated for concurrent use with other Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), which includes ibuprofen. Combining these medicines is associated with a significantly increased risk of serious gastrointestinal side effects, such as bleeding and ulceration.


Q: How long does Menaril take to start working?

Official information for the immediate-release form, which is used for acute needs, suggests that symptomatic relief is often observed within hours of taking a dose. The extended-release form is designed for different needs and is not generally used for acute pain relief.


Q: Can Menaril be split or crushed?

Official administration instructions state that the extended-release capsules of Menaril are required to be swallowed whole. They should not be crushed, split, or chewed, as this action may compromise the intended time-release mechanism of the medication.


Q: Can I drink alcohol while taking Menaril?

Official documents describe that consuming alcohol (ethanol) while using Menaril increases the risk of serious adverse events involving the digestive system. This includes an increased risk of bleeding and ulceration in the stomach and intestines.


Q: How long do most people stay on Menaril?

Regulatory documents describe the medicine's use for two different purposes: short-term courses to manage temporary acute conditions and as part of a longer-term management plan for chronic inflammatory states. The duration of use is defined by the treating professional.


Q: Are there any specific laboratory tests recommended while using Menaril?

Official warnings note that monitoring may be considered for patients receiving long-term treatment with Menaril. If there are signs of anemia, blood counts (hemoglobin or hematocrit) are noted in official guidance. Patients with signs of liver dysfunction should also be evaluated.


Q: Can Menaril be taken on an empty stomach?

Official administration instructions state that Menaril capsules may be taken with food, milk, or antacids. The labeling describes taking it with food, milk, or antacids.


Q: How long does Menaril stay in your system after stopping it?

Pharmacokinetic data from official sources reports that the elimination half-life of the active ingredient, Ketoprofen, is approximately two hours following intravenous administration. The half-life is a measure of the time it takes for half of the drug to be cleared from the system.


Q: Can Menaril change how other medications work?

Official drug interaction statements document that Menaril has the potential to affect other medications. It is described to alter the renal clearance of certain co-administered drugs and may decrease the effectiveness of some medications, such as certain blood pressure treatments.


Q: Can Menaril affect sleep?

Official documents list central nervous system effects as possible side effects. Dizziness and drowsiness are noted as possible adverse reactions that have been reported with this medicine.


Q: Will Menaril make me gain weight?

Fluid retention and edema (swelling) have been associated with the use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like Menaril, as noted in regulatory documents.


Q: Is it true that Menaril has a risk of liver issues?

Official warnings note that rare cases of serious liver reactions, including liver necrosis and liver failure, have been reported in association with NSAID use. Patients should be evaluated if signs of liver dysfunction appear.


Q: Is Menaril addictive or habit-forming?

Menaril (Ketoprofen) is classified as a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID). It is not defined as a controlled substance by major regulatory bodies, indicating it is not considered to be addictive or habit-forming.


Q: Are there any reports of Menaril causing [Specific non-serious side effect]?

Official documents list common side effects reported in clinical trials and post-marketing experience. These commonly reported reactions include headache and gastrointestinal issues like nausea and indigestion.


Q: What should I tell my dentist if I'm taking Menaril?

Regulatory warnings indicate that Menaril, like other NSAIDs, acts to inhibit the process of platelet aggregation and may prolong bleeding time. This physiological effect is relevant information for any surgical or dental procedure.


Q: Why is my dose of Menaril different from someone else's?

Regulatory guidance advises that dosing for Menaril should be tailored to the individual patient's needs once the initial treatment response is observed. Official documents note that lower starting doses may be initiated for small, elderly, or debilitated patients.


Q: Does Menaril have an impact on mood?

Official documents list mental and mood changes as a possible serious side effect that may occur with the use of this medicine. If such changes are noticed, regulatory documents note that a healthcare professional should be informed.


Q: Why do some patients say Menaril didn't work for them?

Regulatory information notes that for pain relief, increasing the dosage beyond a certain threshold has not been shown to provide better relief for every patient. This suggests that the response to the medicine can vary significantly between individuals.


Q: Is it common to feel nauseous after starting Menaril?

Nausea is listed in official documents as one of the most common adverse reactions reported in clinical trials and post-marketing reports for Menaril.


Q: Is it normal to feel a bit dizzy when first taking Menaril?

Dizziness is listed in the official documents as a common adverse reaction that may occur with the use of this medicine.


Q: Can Menaril cause problems with vision?

Official regulatory documents list blurred vision as a possible side effect that may occur with the use of the medicine.


Q: Can Menaril be used by people with kidney problems?

Regulatory guidelines specify dose adjustments and a lower maximum daily dose for patients with mild to severe renal impairment (kidney problems). However, use is contraindicated, or strictly prohibited, for those with severe renal insufficiency.


Q: Do children ever use Menaril?

Official regulatory documents state that the medicine is not recommended for use in children and adolescents below 18 years of age. This is due to a lack of sufficient data establishing the safety and effectiveness in this age group.


Q: Does Menaril have a 'black box warning'?

The active ingredient in Menaril, Ketoprofen, is subject to a Boxed Warning by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). This warning highlights the risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events and serious gastrointestinal adverse events, including bleeding and ulceration.


Q: Is Menaril for short-term or long-term use?

Official regulatory documents indicate that Menaril is approved for use in both short-term courses for the management of acute conditions and for the long-term management of chronic inflammatory states.

How should Menaril be stored and disposed of?

Official Storage and Disposal Requirements for Menaril (Ketoprofen)

Menaril must be stored according to regulatory conditions to ensure its stability. The medication requires storage at Controlled Room Temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C, and must be protected away from light, excess heat, and moisture. It is explicitly required that the product not be frozen.

For safety, the container must be kept tightly closed and stored out of the sight and reach of children, often requiring a child-resistant closure.

Regarding disposal, unused or expired medication must be properly discarded. Patients should consult a healthcare professional for guidance and must not flush the medicine down the toilet or pour it into a drain unless instructed to do so by a government take-back program.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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