Letrozole

Quick links to important sections

Letrozole

Selected form

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Letrozole

Property Description
Active ingredient Letrozole
Form Film-coated tablets (oral)
Pharmacological class Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor
General purpose Systemic estrogen suppression
Origin Synthetic compound

What Type of Medicine is Letrozole?

Letrozole is a synthetic, prescription-only medication that is clinically recognized for its high selectivity and potency among third-generation inhibitors. It is classified as a Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor and an Antineoplastic Agent, belonging to the larger group of hormonal therapies. As an INN (International Nonproprietary Name), the active ingredient is Letrozole, which is chemically designed as a triazole derivative. The drug's mechanism is specifically designed to interfere with estrogen synthesis, a characteristic validated across extensive pharmacological studies.


Letrozole: Oral Form and Composition

The medicine is supplied for patient use as a film-coated tablet intended for oral administration, establishing it as a form of systemic treatment. Letrozole is a single active ingredient product, containing only the active compound alongside solid excipients, such as lactose monohydrate, which form the specialized tablet matrix. This oral route is critical as it allows for consistent, body-wide distribution, a feature that differentiates it from localized topical therapies and establishes it as the standard route for this class of hormonal agents.


What is the General Purpose of an Aromatase Inhibitor?

The general therapeutic purpose of a medicine like Letrozole is the profound selective suppression of estrogen synthesis throughout the body, providing a potent anti-estrogen effect. Letrozole achieves this by competitively inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which is the key biological catalyst responsible for converting precursor androgens into active estrogens in peripheral tissues. This action is utilized to slow or inhibit hormone-dependent cellular processes by effectively removing the essential hormonal fuel they require.

What side effects are possible with Letrozole?

Letrozole’s official safety profile is defined by adverse reactions classified according to their frequency in governmental regulatory documents. These effects are largely consistent with the medicine’s role in systemic estrogen suppression.

Documented Adverse Reactions

The most frequently reported effects (Very Common: 1/10) include hot flush, arthralgia (joint pain), fatigue, hyperhidrosis (increased sweating), and hypercholesterolemia. Common effects (1/100 to <1/10) involve various system-organ classes, such as Nervous System Disorders (headache, dizziness), Gastrointestinal Disorders (nausea, vomiting), and Psychiatric Disorders (depression).

Serious Safety Considerations

The regulatory label documents serious safety risks, particularly concerning long-term exposure. These include decreased Bone Mineral Density (BMD), leading to the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Furthermore, the safety profile notes the potential for uncommon Ischaemic Cardiac Events, such as new or worsening angina, and rare thromboembolic events (e.g., pulmonary embolism).

Population-Specific and Contextual Safety Notes

Close supervision is required for patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C), as systemic exposure is approximately doubled in this population. The medicine is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant due to established fetal harm (Embryo-Fetal Toxicity). Regulatory documents specify that the majority of adverse reactions were reported during the first few weeks of treatment. The occurrence of fatigue and dizziness is also noted as a restriction that may impair the ability to perform tasks requiring vigilance, such as operating machinery.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help

The official regulatory guidance for Letrozole overdosage emphasizes immediate emergency action and standardized supportive care, as specific human data regarding acute overdosage is limited. No specific antidote is known for the active substance.

Documented Overdose Manifestations and Required Actions

Category Regulatory Statement
Documented Manifestations Acute overdosage may be associated with manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, fast heartbeat (tachycardia), sedation, or agitation.
Life-Threatening Outcomes Conditions such as collapse, seizure, trouble breathing, or unresponsiveness are considered life-threatening and require immediate attention.

Official Emergency Response

If an overdose is suspected, or if a dose higher than prescribed has been taken, seek immediate medical attention and contact a poison control helpline immediately. Emergency services must be called if severe symptoms develop, particularly those affecting consciousness or respiration. Management is defined as symptomatic and supportive treatment, including the frequent monitoring of vital signs, which may necessitate hospital monitoring. No population-specific overdose considerations are explicitly documented in regulatory labeling.

Therapeutic Uses of Letrozole

Letrozole is an Antineoplastic Agent applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed, primarily to help manage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The therapeutic purpose is to provide systemic estrogen suppression, which is generally applied in situations with significant discomfort.

Letrozole is commonly used for managing conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms. This includes adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer, extended adjuvant treatment following prior therapy like tamoxifen, and first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic disease. The medicine is relevant in contexts involving heightened systemic burden and is used across these clinical settings. “It is applied when conditions produce significant symptomatic burden and is relevant in contexts involving heightened systemic burden.” The medicine contributes to easing the overall symptom load and helps maintain a sense of stability when symptoms are more noticeable.

For patients with localized tumors, it is applied in situations where additional management of discomfort is required, and is relevant for easing the symptoms related to organ-specific functional stress. This provides supportive relief when symptoms interfere with routine activities and may help patients cope more steadily with symptom fluctuations.


Quick Fact: Relief for Hormone-Driven Cellular Proliferation

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Letrozole’s eligibility profile is strictly defined by regulatory authorities and centers on mandatory population exclusions and restrictions. The medicine is primarily approved for use in women of confirmed postmenopausal endocrine status.


Absolute Contraindications

Letrozole is contraindicated and must not be used by pregnant women, lactating women, or women who are premenopausal. Use is also prohibited in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the active substance or its excipients.


Special Population Restrictions

Population Group Regulatory Status
Severe Hepatic Impairment Use is restricted and requires close supervision.
Severe Renal Insufficiency Insufficient data are available for patients with CrCl <10 mL/min [1.1].
Children and Adolescents Not recommended for use; safety and efficacy have not been established.
Hereditary Metabolic Disorders Must not take due to tablet excipients (e.g., total lactase deficiency).

Women of child-bearing potential must use effective contraception during and after treatment. No dosage adjustment is required for older adult patients.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Letrozole's official interaction profile establishes restrictions necessary to maintain its systemic estrogen-suppressing action. Formal avoidance is required for co-administration with Estrogens, including hormone replacement therapy, because these substances may cause pharmacodynamic antagonism and diminish the drug's intended action. The co-administration of Tamoxifen and other anti-estrogens should also be avoided as this combination is documented to lead to a substantial decrease in Letrozole’s plasma concentrations.

The profile clarifies the interaction status of several common medicines. Co-administration with CYP-modulating substances like cimetidine or warfarin is officially documented not to result in clinically significant drug interactions on Letrozole's pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, Letrozole may be taken without regard to meals, as food does not result in a clinically significant reduction of efficacy. However, certain herbal remedies or supplements for menopausal symptoms may contain estrogenic activity that can undermine the drug’s effectiveness. A population-specific restriction notes that patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) experience a significant alteration in clearance, which results in approximately doubled systemic exposure to Letrozole.

Mechanism of Action

Targeted Blockade of the Aromatase Enzyme

Letrozole is a non-steroidal competitive inhibitor that selectively binds to the heme iron of the Aromatase enzyme ( CYP19A1) . This binding directly prevents the enzyme from performing its catalytic activity: the aromatization, or conversion, of C19 androgens (like androstenedione) into C18 estrogens (like estradiol and estrone). This interaction initiates the subsequent mechanistic cascade at the molecular level.


Pervasive Systemic Estrogen Depletion

The inhibition of CYP19A1 occurs in all peripheral tissues (e.g., fat and muscle) where extraglandular estrogen synthesis takes place. This cascade leads to a rapid and substantial reduction of circulating serum estrogen levels throughout the body. The resulting physiological state is characterized by low circulating estrogen concentrations. This mechanism demonstrates high selectivity that does not extend to the biosynthesis of adrenal hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to Use Letrozole: Official Administration Guidelines

Letrozole is supplied as a 2.5 mg film-coated tablet intended exclusively for oral administration, establishing a standardized, non-variable method of systemic delivery. The foundational principle for usage across all approved indications is a non-titrated, fixed dose of 2.5 mg taken once daily. This consistent frequency defines the medicine as a continuous daily therapy, not an intermittent or as-needed regimen.


Administration Requirements and Schedule

Property Official Guideline
Route of Administration Oral (tablet swallowed whole with liquid)
Dosing Schedule 2.5 mg once daily
Intake Condition May be taken with or without food, as absorption is independent of meals.
Duration Continuous daily use for a defined period (e.g., up to 5 years for extended adjuvant treatment) or until disease progression.

Rules for Missed Doses and Specific Populations

To maintain continuous systemic exposure, the daily administration should occur at approximately the same time each day. If a dose is missed, instructions advise taking the tablet as soon as it is remembered, unless the time until the next scheduled dose is very short, in which case the missed dose should be skipped; dosing should not be doubled to compensate.

For most patients, including older adults and those with mild to moderate renal or hepatic impairment, no dose adjustment is required. However, for patients with documented severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C), the official regimen is reduced to 2.5 mg administered every other day to properly manage systemic drug levels.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence for First-Line Advanced and Metastatic Disease

Letrozole was studied for its use as a first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with advanced or metastatic breast cancer where the cancer cells are hormone receptor-positive. Research in this area primarily involved large, international Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). These trials are designed to compare outcomes in patient populations, often involving groups receiving Letrozole and groups receiving another type of hormonal medicine. Research in these settings was studied for its measurement of the Time to Progression (TTP) and monitored the Objective Response Rate (ORR). Findings describe patterns observed in the studies in relation to the duration of stable disease. Data show patterns related to the monitored progression of the condition; research also tracked Overall Survival (OS).


Evidence for Adjuvant Treatment of Early Breast Cancer

For women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer that has been surgically removed, Letrozole was evaluated in major international adjuvant trials. These large trials explored whether the outcomes for the patient population changed when the medicine was used following the initial treatment. The trials research examined were primarily designed to measure Disease-Free Survival (DFS), which is the time that passed before any recurrence or death was observed in the studied groups. Follow-up durations were limited initially, but have been extended over time, with many studies now providing long-term data. This evidence contributes to the broader evidence landscape by providing insight into the patterns of non-recurrence observed in the studied group.


What Research Gaps and Uncertainties Remain

While the evidence base for the approved uses is substantial, there is limited information for long-term outcomes beyond the 10-year observation period of the key trials. The long-term effects for some rare events are not fully established. Evidence quality varies across studies when examining the medicine’s use in research settings outside of its approved indications; in these cases, the certainty remains low for some outcomes. Additionally, the comparative evidence is lacking between Letrozole and all other available hormonal options in every possible clinical scenario.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Letrozole (FAQ)

Q: How long does Letrozole stay in your system after the last dose?

Studies described in official product information indicate that after a single dose, the medicine is eliminated from the body with a half-life of approximately two days. When taken continuously, it generally takes two to six weeks to reach steady-state drug levels, which are the consistent concentrations maintained in the body throughout therapy.


Q: What should be done if a dose of Letrozole is missed?

Regulatory instructions advise taking the tablet as soon as it is remembered, unless it is close to the time for the next scheduled dose. It is specifically noted in official guidance that dosing should not be doubled to compensate for a missed dose.


Q: Can you still become pregnant while taking Letrozole?

Letrozole is contraindicated (officially prohibited) in women who are or may become pregnant because of the established risk of fetal harm. Official warnings state that women of child-bearing potential must use effective, non-hormonal contraception throughout the treatment period.


Q: Can Letrozole interact with common pain relievers (like ibuprofen or acetaminophen)?

Official clinical studies have examined this and found that there is no clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction between letrozole and common, non-prescription pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.


Q: Does Letrozole affect vision or eye health?

Official safety profiles list visual disorders, such as blurred vision, or eye irritation as documented adverse reactions. Official warnings state that caution is advised when performing tasks requiring vigilance, such as driving or operating machinery, if these effects occur.


Q: What are the long-term risks associated with using Letrozole?

Documented long-term risks relate primarily to the drug’s mechanism of action. These include a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which can lead to an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Uncommon events such as ischaemic cardiac events (heart-related issues) are also noted in regulatory documents.


Q: How soon after starting Letrozole do side effects typically begin?

Regulatory safety notes indicate that while side effects can occur at any point, the majority of adverse reactions associated with the medicine were reported during the first few weeks of treatment.


Q: What is the role of Letrozole in treating early-stage vs. advanced breast cancer?

The role of the medicine differs based on the condition being treated. For advanced or metastatic disease, the role is as a first-line therapy to manage the existing condition. For early-stage breast cancer that has been surgically removed, the role is adjuvant (post-operative) treatment to reduce the risk of the condition recurring.


Q: Can Letrozole cause weight gain or fluid retention?

Official adverse reaction documents list weight increase as a common side effect associated with the medicine. Fluid retention, often described as peripheral oedema (swelling of the limbs), is also documented as an uncommon adverse reaction.


Q: What tests are usually done before starting Letrozole therapy?

Regulatory documents do not require a specific pre-treatment testing panel, but indicate that monitoring a patient’s Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and serum cholesterol levels is a consideration during treatment.


Q: Why is Letrozole sometimes associated with a higher risk of fractures?

Letrozole’s mechanism of action is the profound suppression of estrogen synthesis throughout the body. Regulatory documents link this reduction in estrogen to a decrease in Bone Mineral Density (BMD), which results in the associated increased risk of bone fractures.


Q: Can Letrozole cause hair thinning or loss?

Yes, official adverse reaction reports document that hair loss (or alopecia) is a common side effect associated with Letrozole use.


Q: Does the time of day a person takes Letrozole matter?

Official guidance indicates the medicine can be taken at any time of day, with or without food. However, official guidance instructs patients to take the dose at approximately the same time each day to ensure continuous systemic exposure and maintain consistent levels of the medicine.


Q: Can Letrozole affect sleep patterns or cause insomnia?

Yes, insomnia (difficulty falling or staying asleep) is documented as a common adverse reaction associated with the use of Letrozole in official safety profiles.


Q: Is Letrozole therapy a lifetime treatment?

Letrozole is not described as a lifetime treatment. For approved uses, the recommended duration is continuous daily use for a defined period, such as up to five years for extended adjuvant treatment, or until the disease shows progression in metastatic settings.


Q: Are there known interactions between Letrozole and herbal products (e.g., St. John's Wort)?

Official warnings advise caution or avoidance of herbal products that may induce or affect the drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2A6 and CYP3A4). St. John’s Wort is a commonly noted example that may significantly reduce the effectiveness of Letrozole.


Q: What is the mechanism by which Letrozole can cause fatigue?

Fatigue is listed in official documents as a very common adverse reaction. This effect is related to the drug's fundamental mechanism of systemic estrogen suppression, which impacts various bodily systems.


Q: How soon after starting Letrozole does it begin to work on the body's hormones?

Studies indicate that Letrozole rapidly suppresses estrogen levels. Maximum estrogen suppression in the body is generally achieved quickly, usually within two to three days after the initial dose.


Q: What is the recommended approach for managing fatigue while on Letrozole?

Due to the documented potential for fatigue and dizziness, official warnings state that caution is advised when performing tasks requiring mental vigilance, such as driving or operating machinery, until an individual knows how the medicine affects them.

How should Letrozole be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Letrozole?

The storage and disposal of Letrozole tablets must strictly follow regulatory guidelines to maintain the product’s integrity.

Official Storage Requirements

Letrozole must be stored at Controlled Room Temperature, which is defined as 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F). The product must be protected from moisture and excess heat.

  • Container and Protection: Tablets must be kept in the original container and the container must remain tightly closed. The medicine should always be stored out of the sight and reach of children.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Letrozole must be disposed of in accordance with local requirements for pharmaceutical waste. To protect the environment, the medicine should not be disposed of by throwing it in the household trash or flushing it down a toilet or drain unless explicitly authorized by disposal programs.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

Available in countries:

Equivalent of Letrozole found in:

A-Z Index: