Кламосар

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Кламосар

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Medically reviewed

Rosario Oropesa

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Кламосар

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active Ingredients Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid
Form Tablets (various types) and Oral Suspension
Pharmacological Class Penicillin-class Antibacterial and beta-Lactamase Inhibitor
General Purpose Treating bacterial infections, especially resistant strains
Origin Semisynthetic

What is Кламосар and What Type of Antibiotic Is It?

Кламосар is a fixed-dose combination antibiotic medication used to treat bacterial infections. It belongs to the class of penicillin-class antibacterials and beta-lactamase inhibitors. Its main active component, Amoxicillin, is a semisynthetic drug, and the overall formulation is clinically recognized for its efficacy against a broad range of susceptible bacteria. This combination is globally recognized for its clinical importance and is included on lists of essential medicines.

This medicine is administered via the oral route, commonly available as film-coated tablets or a powder for oral suspension (liquid). The liquid form is often favored for children due to its easier administration.

What is Кламосар Made Of? (Active Ingredients and Forms)

Кламосар is composed of two active ingredients: Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid. Amoxicillin is the antibacterial component responsible for actively killing bacteria. Clavulanic Acid is a crucial, non-antibiotic component, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, whose role is entirely protective. This fixed-dose combination structure is what differentiates it from pure Amoxicillin formulations.

The inclusion of Clavulanic Acid is designed to combat antibiotic resistance. Its presence ensures Amoxicillin remains active by neutralizing bacterial defense enzymes, which is a recognized pharmacological mechanism of this combination.

What is the General Purpose of Кламосар?

The general purpose of Кламосар is to reliably resolve bacterial infections by overcoming antibiotic resistance. It achieves this through a powerful bactericidal action. By protecting the core antibiotic, Кламосар provides a broader and more potent anti-infective effect. This makes it a crucial choice for infections where resistance to the basic penicillin-type drug is suspected, providing effective resolution against the harmful microbes.

What side effects are possible with Кламосар?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The official safety profile for the Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid combination is structured by classifying possible adverse reactions according to frequency and the body system affected, based on regulatory documentation.

Frequency-Classified Adverse Reactions

The most frequent effects documented are gastrointestinal. Diarrhoea is classified as a Very Common reaction. Common reactions include nausea, vomiting, and mucocutaneous candidosis. Less frequent, or Uncommon, effects may include skin rash, dizziness, headache, and reversible changes in liver enzyme levels (transaminases). Rare effects include reversible changes in blood cell counts, such as leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Documented Serious Adverse Reactions

The most clinically significant adverse reactions, though rare, include fatal hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis and angioedema) and severe skin reactions, known as SCARs, which encompass conditions like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). Significant hepatic dysfunction, including cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis, is also documented in the safety profile.

Population-Specific and Time-Related Safety

Specific safety considerations exist for certain populations: hepatic events are observed predominantly in older adults and males. The risk of convulsions is noted in patients with impaired renal function. Hepatic signs and symptoms may become apparent several weeks after treatment has been completed. Regulatory documents restrict use in individuals with a history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with the prior use of this combination, and it is avoided when Infectious Mononucleosis is suspected.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

This information summarizes the official regulatory guidance on Кламосар overdose, detailing documented clinical findings and mandated emergency actions.

Overdose Manifestations and Risks

An overdose may initially present with gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Severe outcomes documented in regulatory labeling include the risk of convulsions (seizures), particularly in individuals with impaired renal function or those receiving very high doses. A critical concern is amoxicillin crystalluria, where crystals form in the urinary tract, potentially leading to significantly decreased urine output and, in severe cases, acute kidney injury. The risk of drug accumulation and resulting toxicity is heightened in patients with reduced kidney function.

Emergency Response and Management

Immediate medical attention must be sought for any suspected overdose or if severe symptoms such as convulsions, persistent vomiting, or a noticeable decrease in urine output occur. No specific antidote is known for this overdose. The regulatory approach to management is symptomatic and supportive. Officially described procedures include gastric lavage and ensuring adequate hydration to minimize crystalluria risk. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid can be removed from the circulation using hemodialysis. Monitoring of renal, hepatic, and haematopoietic function is advisable in severe exposure scenarios.

Therapeutic Uses of Кламосар

Кламосар is used in situations involving certain distressing symptoms linked to bacterial infections which are relevant across acute therapeutic contexts. The primary therapeutic benefit is to offer symptomatic relief that helps patients cope more steadily with difficult episodes. The medication is applicable within clinical settings that involve acute or disruptive symptom patterns.

This medication is generally applied in addressing symptom clusters that may become intense or disruptive in conditions such as acute bacterial sinusitis, otitis media (ear infection), community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and certain urinary tract infections (UTIs).


Quick Fact: Relief for
Symptoms Related to Physical Discomfort

It is commonly used when short-term symptomatic assistance is needed in settings marked by temporary physiological imbalance. It may assist with easing symptoms related to systemic imbalance and inflammatory states, such as fever, pain, and localized swelling. Its use contributes to improved day-to-day comfort, which supports easing the overall symptom load related to distressing manifestations. Кламосар is relevant in contexts involving heightened systemic burden, helping patients cope more steadily with symptom fluctuations associated with serious bacterial processes.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH DailyMed

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Who Can and Cannot Use Кламосар? (Population Eligibility)

Official regulatory documents define strict population eligibility criteria for the use of Кламосар (Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid).

Absolute Non-Eligibility (Contraindications)

Use of this medicine is strictly prohibited in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to amoxicillin, clavulanate, or any other penicillin/beta-lactam antibacterial drug. It is also contraindicated for patients with a previous history of cholestatic jaundice or liver dysfunction associated with prior use of amoxicillin/clavulanate, and for patients with infectious mononucleosis.

Age and Organ Function Restrictions

Population Group Eligibility Status (Regulatory Wording)
Pediatric Patients Use is established across all age groups, from infants (under 3 months) to adolescents.
Renal Impairment Contraindicated for the extended-release tablet formulation in severe impairment (CrCL < 30 mL/min) and in hemodialysis patients. Dosage adjustment is required for immediate-release forms.
Hepatic Impairment Use requires caution and regular monitoring of liver function.
Pregnancy Use is permissible only if clearly needed. Caution is advised due to potential risks, such as with pre-term rupture of membranes.
Lactation Caution should be exercised as the active ingredient is excreted in human milk, potentially leading to infant sensitization.

Eligibility is also restricted for patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU) who must avoid the aspartame-containing oral suspension and chewable tablets.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

The active ingredient in Кламосар is an ACE inhibitor, and its interaction profile is primarily structured around the risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and angioedema. These risks necessitate specific constraints when combining it with other medications.

Interactions with other medicines and products

Interacting Substance Category Practical Regulatory Implication
Dual RAS Blockade Agents (ARBs, Aliskiren, Neprilysin Inhibitors like Sacubitril) Contraindicated or not recommended. Co-administration with Neprilysin Inhibitors is prohibited due to significantly increased risk of angioedema. Dual blockade with Aliskiren is contraindicated in patients with diabetes or renal impairment (GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m^2).
Potassium-Elevating Agents (Potassium-sparing diuretics, Potassium supplements/salt substitutes, Trimethoprim) Not recommended due to a high risk of hyperkalemia. Use requires close and periodic monitoring of serum potassium.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) May reduce the antihypertensive effect. Risk of worsening renal function (including acute injury), particularly in the elderly or volume-depleted patients; renal function should be monitored.
Lithium Use is generally not recommended. ACE inhibitors can increase serum lithium levels, leading to toxicity. Careful monitoring of serum lithium levels is mandatory if combined.
Antidiabetic Agents (Insulins, Oral hypoglycemics) Increased risk of hypoglycemia is documented, requiring close monitoring of blood glucose, particularly when initiating therapy or changing dosage.

The official interaction structure highlights combinations that carry high risks of cardiovascular or renal complications. The most significant constraint is the prohibition of use with Neprilysin Inhibitors and the contraindication of dual Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) blockade with certain agents in vulnerable patient groups. Other combinations, such as with potassium-elevating products and NSAIDs, require active monitoring of laboratory values (potassium, renal function) or close observation for adverse effects (hypoglycemia, hypotension) as mandated by regulatory documents.

Mechanism of Action

How Кламосар Works: Irreversible Disruption of Bacterial Structure

The mechanism of action is based on a dual-component strategy to achieve a bactericidal effect. The core antibiotic component, Amoxicillin, targets bacterial Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs), which are enzymes crucial for constructing the bacterial cell wall. By binding irreversibly to these targets, Amoxicillin halts the final cross-linking of structural peptidoglycan chains, preventing the formation of a stable cellular envelope. This structural failure leads rapidly to cell rupture (osmotic lysis), which is the final physiological consequence resulting in the death of the bacterial cell.


️ Neutralizing Bacterial Defenses (Pharmacodynamic Synergy)

The second component, Clavulanic Acid, allows the primary mechanism to proceed with reduced impairment. Its sole function is to neutralize the bacterial defense enzymes known as beta-Lactamases. Clavulanic Acid acts as a mechanism-based suicide inhibitor, permanently inactivating these enzymes and protecting the Amoxicillin molecule from being chemically degraded. This defensive action restores the antibacterial function of Amoxicillin against beta-lactamase-producing (resistant) bacteria, allowing the structural disruption to proceed.

Dosage and Administration Information

Кламосар is administered primarily via the oral route, available as film-coated tablets and as a powder for oral suspension. Dosage is selected by a healthcare provider based on the type and severity of the infection. For adults, standard immediate-release dosing typically involves 500 mg/125 mg every eight hours or 875 mg/125 mg every twelve hours. The Extended-Release (XR) form is commonly dosed at 2000 mg/125 mg every twelve hours. Pediatric dosing is calculated based on body weight, using the amoxicillin component in milligrams per kilogram per day, requiring the selection of a specific pediatric formulation.

The medication must be taken at the start of a meal to enhance the absorption of the clavulanic acid and minimize potential gastrointestinal discomfort. The powder for suspension requires specific reconstitution with water and must be shaken vigorously before each measurement. The course of therapy is generally time-bound and should not extend beyond 14 days without clinical reassessment.

Specific forms have critical administration constraints: the Extended-Release tablets must be swallowed whole and cannot be crushed, broken, or chewed. Patients with impaired renal function (Creatinine Clearance le 30 mL/min) are restricted from using the 875 mg/125 mg tablet and the Extended-Release forms. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered, provided that subsequent doses are spaced out to maintain the proper therapeutic interval.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Кламосар


Evidence for Use in Acute Respiratory and Ear Infections

Research in this area has explored conditions associated with acute or disruptive episodes, utilizing numerous Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and high-level Systematic Reviews. These studies focused on measuring clinical success, which includes the resolution of signs and symptoms, and observing how symptoms like fever, cough, and pain evolved in the studied populations. Researchers also examined bacteriological eradication, which measures the clearance of the specific pathogen causing the infection.

Research reports measured patterns related to the resolution of clinical signs across these different respiratory and ear infections. For more serious conditions, such as Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), research also monitored outcomes related to the need for hospitalization and observations regarding mortality. Trials described patterns where bacteriological clearance was observed among susceptible, beta-lactamase–producing pathogens.

A limitation noted in official literature is that comparative evidence is lacking regarding direct head-to-head comparisons of this medicine against all alternative classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, official reports indicate that continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance is required because bacterial susceptibility can change over time.


Evidence for Use in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Urinary Tract Infections

Studies exploring these indications are mainly composed of RCTs and controlled clinical studies. These research scenarios involved general adult populations presenting with infections. The main outcomes studied were clinical success, which monitors the resolution of localized symptoms like swelling or pain, and the achievement of bacteriological clearance at the infection site, a key outcome measure.

Studies report how symptoms evolved in the observed populations during the acute phase of infection. Published evidence shows that the reported outcomes are closely related to the specific local resistance patterns of the target bacteria present when the studies were conducted.


Durability of Response and Long-Term Follow-up

Most clinical trials primarily focus on research exploring short-term changes. Studies typically monitor patients over defined time intervals, from the end of the treatment period (often 7 to 10 days) through a post-treatment assessment period, which may extend up to 30 to 42 days. Research describes the patterns observed regarding the durability of the initial outcome and monitors for rates of infection recurrence within this intermediate timeframe. However, there is limited information for long-term outcomes or the durability of response beyond the first few weeks following treatment cessation.

Key Studies & References

  1. Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Tablets Official Prescribing Information (DailyMed)
  2. IDSA/ATS Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Кламосар (FAQ)

Q: How does Кламосар differ from other medicines in the same category?

The core difference lies in its dual-component formulation. The medicine is a combination of the antibiotic amoxicillin and a secondary ingredient called clavulanate potassium, which is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Official product information indicates that the clavulanate component helps protect the amoxicillin from being destroyed by certain drug-resistant bacteria, thereby broadening its effectiveness.

Q: Do side effects from Кламосар go away over time?

Official product information indicates that most frequently reported side effects, such as gastrointestinal upset (diarrhea and nausea), are generally mild and temporary, typically resolving over a few days or weeks. More severe but rare reactions, such as temporary changes in liver function (hepatic dysfunction), are sometimes noted in regulatory documents as often resolving after treatment cessation.

Q: What is the main reason doctors prescribe Кламосар?

According to the official product label, this medication is indicated for specific bacterial infections. These include lower respiratory tract infections, acute bacterial otitis media (middle ear infections), acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (sinus infections), and infections of the skin, soft tissue, and urinary tract. Official guidance suggests that it is typically prescribed in situations where bacterial resistance is a clinical concern.

Q: How quickly should someone expect to feel a difference after starting Кламосар?

Official pharmacokinetic data indicates that the medicine's concentration in the bloodstream typically peaks within approximately 1.5 to 2 hours after a dose is administered. However, the resolution of symptoms is highly dependent on the type and severity of the infection, and the time required for a patient to feel better can vary widely.

Q: Does Кламосар have a generic or common name?

Yes, the generic name for this combination drug is amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). This combination is also commonly referred to by the British Approved Name, co-amoxiclav.

Q: Why is Кламосар sometimes prescribed instead of [similar drug name]?

Regulatory limitations on use explain the rationale for its prescription. Official guidance states that this combination is used to overcome resistance mechanisms, which differentiates its purpose from amoxicillin prescribed alone.

Q: Is feeling tired a common side effect of Кламосар?

Fatigue (tiredness) is noted in clinical trial documentation as a possible adverse effect. However, according to the official product information, it is not classified among the most frequently reported adverse reactions, which include diarrhea and nausea.

Q: Can I drink alcohol while using Кламосар?

Official patient information indicates the necessity of avoiding alcohol during the course of treatment with this medication. This avoidance is also generally recommended for several days following the completion of therapy.

Q: Is it safe to drive or operate machinery while taking Кламосар?

Official product warnings communicate the need for caution regarding driving or operating heavy machinery. This precaution is noted because the medicine has the potential to cause side effects in some individuals, such as dizziness or tiredness.

Q: What does the term '[jargon term]' mean in relation to Кламосар?

Definitions for key clinical and chemical terms used in the drug's description are detailed in official regulatory documentation. These terms relate to the medicine's composition, mechanism of action, and potential serious safety events (such as anaphylaxis).

Q: What is the physical appearance of the Кламосар pill/tablet?

The physical appearance of the medicine varies depending on the manufacturer and the specific dosage form. Official product descriptions indicate that the film-coated tablets are typically white to off-white, oblong or capsule-shaped, and may be scored or debossed with specific identifying markings.

Q: What should I do if I have an allergic reaction to Кламосар?

Regulatory documentation requires that if any sign of an allergic reaction occurs, the medicine be discontinued. Subsequent appropriate medical intervention is then necessary.

Q: Are there any known interactions between Кламосар and birth control pills?

Yes, official regulatory labels include a warning regarding this interaction. The documentation states that this drug combination may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Q: What happens when Кламосар is stopped?

The medicine is intended to be used only until the full prescribed course is completed. Official warnings advise that potential adverse effects may occur during or several weeks after treatment cessation, such as signs of liver problems or severe diarrhea associated with C. difficile infection.

Q: Is Кламосар available without a prescription in some countries?

Official regulatory classification in major jurisdictions, such as those governed by the US FDA, classifies this medicine as a prescription-only drug (Rx only).

Q: Is there a difference in effect between taking Кламосар in the morning versus the evening?

Official administration instructions primarily focus on two key requirements. These are maintaining the prescribed time interval between doses (e.g., every 8 or 12 hours) and taking the medicine at the start of a meal, rather than emphasizing a specific time of day like morning or evening.

Q: What should be included in a doctor's discussion about starting Кламосар?

The regulatory warnings and contraindications define key discussion points. This includes reviewing any history of allergic reactions to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics, a history of liver dysfunction, and whether the patient has or is suspected of having infectious mononucleosis.

How should Кламосар be stored and disposed of?

The storage and disposal of this medicine, often supplied as a powder for suspension, are strictly defined by regulatory guidelines to maintain its effectiveness.

Official Storage Conditions

Product Form Temperature Requirements Stability/Handling
Dry Powder Controlled Room Temperature (15 C to 25 C) Store in original container; protect from moisture and heat.
Reconstituted Suspension Refrigerated (2 C to 8 C) Do not freeze; discard after 10 days; keep container tightly closed.

Disposal and Safety

All official documents mandate that unused, expired, or leftover medicine must be discarded according to local regulatory and environmental guidelines. This typically involves using drug take-back programs or authorized household disposal methods. The medicine should not be flushed down a toilet or poured down a drain, and it must be kept out of the reach and sight of children.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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