Filicine

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Medically reviewed

Rosario Oropesa

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Filicine

Understanding Filicine

Filicine is a pharmacological agent primarily categorized as an anthelmintic, derived from the extract of the rhizomes and stipes of the Dryopteris filix-mas plant, commonly known as the male fern. It has historically been utilized in clinical settings for its specific activity against various types of intestinal parasites.

Composition and Origin

The primary active constituents of Filicine are phloroglucinol derivatives, including filixic acid and aspidin. These compounds are found within the oleoresin of the plant. The extraction process focuses on isolating these bioactive components to utilize their biological properties for therapeutic purposes.

Mechanism of Action

Filicine exerts its effect by targeting the muscular system of certain helminths. Upon contact, the active compounds induce a state of paralysis in the parasite. This immobilization prevents the organism from maintaining its position within the gastrointestinal tract, allowing it to be expelled from the body through natural physiological processes.

Therapeutic Use

In medical practice, Filicine is specifically indicated for the treatment of infestations caused by cestodes, more commonly known as tapeworms. Its use is focused on addressing the presence of these parasites in the intestinal lumen. While it was once a primary treatment option, its application in modern medicine is often reserved for specific clinical scenarios where its particular mechanism of action is required.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH: Office of Dietary Supplements
  2. WHO Essential Medicines List

What side effects are possible with Filicine?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The medicine Filicine (Folic Acid) is associated with an official safety profile categorized by frequency and system-organ class, as documented in regulatory texts like the EMA Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and FDA labeling. Adverse reactions are classified primarily as Rare (ge 1/10,000 to <1/1,000).

Commonly Classified Adverse Reactions (Rare):

The most frequently reported adverse reactions are typically low-frequency gastrointestinal disturbances, including anorexia, nausea, abdominal distension, and flatulence. Additionally, the label documents various manifestations of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions affecting the skin (such as erythema, rash, pruritus, and urticaria) and the respiratory system (such as dyspnoea and bronchospasm).

Serious Adverse Reactions and Constraints

Severe systemic hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock (frequency not known), are documented. The regulatory safety profile mandates a critical limitation regarding the use of Folic Acid alone in patients with untreated Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) deficiency (e.g., pernicious anaemia). This essential safety restriction is in place because Folic Acid may mask the haematological signs of B12 deficiency while allowing serious, progressive neurologic damage to continue unchecked. For this reason, Folic Acid administration alone is cited in regulatory documents as improper therapy in this context.

Population and Duration Safety Notes

Safety statements include caution for patients with folate-dependent tumours and note that Folic Acid requirements are increased during pregnancy and lactation. Specific adverse effects, such as psychiatric symptoms or gastrointestinal distress, have been reported at certain high-dose regimens taken over a duration of one month. Furthermore, prolonged therapy (three months or longer) in at-risk individuals has been linked to precipitating cobalamin neuropathy.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose: Filicine and When to Seek Help

This information is based on official regulatory documentation and addresses management in the event of an accidental or intentional overdose of Filicine (Folic Acid). The official profile indicates that Folic Acid is generally considered relatively nontoxic in man.

Regulatory documents do not detail a specific set of symptoms or signs for acute Folic Acid overdose. Management is instead directed toward immediate professional intervention.

Immediate Actions and Emergency Response

The following instructions for seeking medical assistance are derived directly from regulatory labeling and government health sources:

Situation Required Action (As Labeled)
Accidental or Suspected Overdose Contact the Poison Control Helpline or seek professional medical assistance immediately.
Severe Emergency Signs Immediately call emergency services (e.g., 911) if the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened.

No specific antidote for Folic Acid is listed in the official prescribing information. Overdose management primarily involves supportive care as guided by a medical professional or Poison Control Center, following the initial regulatory mandate to seek help immediately.

Therapeutic Uses of Filicine

What Filicine Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

The core therapeutic function of Filicine is the management of symptoms related to systemic imbalance and temporary functional strain. This class of compound is applied when supportive symptom management is appropriate in situations involving deficiencies, which is important for supporting the body’s normal processes. Filicine is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed.


Managing Episodic Symptom Discomfort

Filicine helps address symptom clusters that may become intense or disruptive, such as symptoms related to physical discomfort or heightened physiological activity. It is commonly used when short-term symptomatic assistance is needed, providing support that helps ease the overall burden of symptoms during symptomatic periods.

The medicine is relevant in contexts marked by increased discomfort or tension and is used for managing conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms, episodic or fluctuating manifestations, and those presenting with systemic or localized discomfort.

“Filicine supports patients during episodes of heightened discomfort and may help support general well-being during symptomatic phases.”

Stabilizing Disruptive Symptom Manifestations

The medicine plays a role in managing symptoms that interfere with daily functioning when symptoms escalate temporarily. It may help support functional comfort, contributing to improved comfort during periods of heightened symptoms.


Quick Fact: Relevant for Symptom Management

Regulatory References

  1. MedlinePlus Drug Information overview

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Who Can and Cannot Use Filicine? (Official Regulatory Eligibility)

The official regulatory profile for Filicine (Folic Acid) establishes clear eligibility rules based on authoritative government documentation. Eligibility is defined by the patient's underlying diagnosis and specific physiological states.


Contraindications and Restrictions

Filicine must not be used (is contraindicated) in:

  • Patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Folic Acid or any component of the formulation.
  • Patients with untreated or undiagnosed megaloblastic anemia where Vitamin B12 deficiency has not been ruled out. Folic Acid therapy can mask the blood-related symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency while allowing irreversible nerve damage to progress.

Age and Special Population Eligibility

Use is generally established and permitted in:

  • Adults and the Pediatric Population for the treatment of confirmed Folic Acid deficiency. Dosing is adjusted by the healthcare provider according to age and weight.
  • Pregnant Individuals are eligible for use; Folic Acid is commonly indicated for the prevention of certain birth defects and the treatment of pregnancy-related anemia. It is also considered safe for use in Lactating Individuals.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Filicine (Folic Acid) interacts with several medicinal products and substances, primarily due to its role in cellular metabolism, as formally documented in government regulatory sources.

Long-term co-administration is contraindicated in the presence of untreated Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Deficiency. This constraint exists because Filicine may mask the hematological signs of the deficiency, potentially allowing neurological damage to progress.

Documented Drug-Drug Interactions

Interaction Type Interacting Medicines Official Interaction Outcome
Pharmacodynamic Antagonism Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Primidone Folic Acid antagonizes the anticonvulsant action, potentially decreasing its effectiveness.
Metabolic Interference Methotrexate, Pyrimethamine, Trimethoprim May interfere with the toxic and therapeutic effects of these anti-folate agents.
Increased Toxicity Risk 5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine High amounts of Filicine may increase certain side effects, such as gastrointestinal problems.
Efficacy Enhancement Lithium Folate supplementation has been documented to enhance the efficacy of lithium therapy.

Co-ingestion of substances like alcohol (Ethanol) and Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) is documented to increase the elimination and loss of Folic Acid from the body.

Mechanism of Action

How Filicine Works

Filicine, containing Folic Acid, functions by supporting fundamental metabolic processes within the cell. Its action is confined to the pharmacodynamic domain of one-carbon metabolism, starting with the reduction of the inactive Folic Acid molecule by the cytosolic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).

This enzymatic reduction generates tetrahydrofolate (THF) cofactors, which are the biologically active methyl-group donors. These cofactors are indispensable for the de novo synthesis of purines and thymidylate, which are the essential building blocks for DNA replication. By facilitating DNA synthesis, this mechanism contributes to the proper maturation and proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, most visibly impacting the formation of red blood cells.

Additionally, active THF cofactors facilitate the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine to methionine via methionine synthase. This secondary mechanism modulates amino acid levels, but its action is strictly constrained by the availability of Vitamin B12, highlighting a critical functional interdependence.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Filicine is Used: Official Administration Guidelines

The administration of Filicine is governed by specific instructions concerning route, dosage, and duration, which are outlined in prescribing information. The medicine is primarily available for Oral administration as tablets or an oral solution, which is the generally preferred route for most patient groups. Parenteral routes, including Intramuscular (IM), Intravenous (IV), and Subcutaneous (SC) injection, are also utilized, typically reserved for severe deficiency states or confirmed malabsorption.


Official Dosing and Scheduling Principles

Filicine is generally taken once daily. The official dosing ranges vary based on the specific context of use. For many scenarios, the therapeutic starting dose for adults is 1 mg once daily. Maintenance doses, used after correction of a deficiency, are often set at 0.4 mg daily. Higher doses, ranging up to 5 mg to 15 mg daily, may be prescribed for cases involving high-risk prophylaxis or malabsorption disorders.

Treatment duration typically follows a course of approximately four months or continues until the blood profile has normalized. However, long-term or lifelong use of a maintenance dose is often necessary for individuals with chronic underlying risk factors.


Administration Requirements and Constraints

The most critical procedural constraint involves concurrent assessment: doses exceeding 0.1 mg are restricted until any associated Vitamin B12 deficiency is ruled out or is being treated. For specific populations, official guidelines provide distinct parameters; for example, high-risk prevention during pregnancy involves doses of 4 mg to 5 mg daily, commencing prior to conception. If a dose is missed, instructions advise against attempting to compensate by taking a double dose.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research evidence / Overview of studies

Overview of Clinical Research

Studies initiated investigations into the drug's proposed biological focus. Studies examined the drug's influence on the duration and intensity of acute pain episodes. Studies have investigated the drug's role in chronic neuropathic pain.


Key Study Findings

Neuropathic Pain Studies

A meta-analysis synthesizing data from seven randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. The primary outcome was a change from baseline in the 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity. The findings indicated a difference in mean VAS scores when compared to placebo.

  • Studies explored the drug's relationship to biological markers. Researchers also examined its relationship to joint mobility.
  • The trials included a patient population of 1,250 adults diagnosed with either diabetic neuropathy or post-herpetic neuralgia.
  • The trials documented the frequency of reported adverse events.

Acute Pain and Post-Operative Management

Multiple Phase III trials evaluated the drug's role in managing acute pain following surgical procedures, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

  • One study focused on the time to first requirement for rescue medication following the initial dose.
  • Outcomes were evaluated for its potential relationship to patient quality of life and daily pain scores.

Study Limitations and Safety Profile

Long-Term Safety

In clinical trials, researchers monitored the drug's safety profile during long-term use. Certain comparative studies have been conducted. Researchers tracked the safety profile in the published RCTs for a maximum follow-up period of 52 weeks.

Specific Populations

Research evaluating the drug's use in subjects with pre-existing kidney conditions involved a small cohort. Similarly, its profile in pregnant or breastfeeding subjects has not been definitively established in controlled trials, with evidence limited to preclinical studies.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Filicine (FAQ)

Q: How quickly should I expect to feel the effects of Filicine?

A: Filicine (Folic Acid) is absorbed rapidly from the small intestine after an oral dose, typically reaching peak levels in the blood within about an hour. Official clinical pharmacology information indicates that changes in the bone marrow, such as the initial signs of new red blood cell production, may begin to be seen within 2 to 5 days of starting treatment.

Q: Is there any food or drink I should avoid while on Filicine?

A: Regulatory documents state that alcohol (Ethanol) is known to increase the rate at which Folic Acid is eliminated and lost from the body. Additionally, certain substances like antacids may reduce the absorption of Filicine. Some official guidance suggests that antacids be taken at least two hours after a Filicine dose to help manage absorption.

Q: What happens if I forget to take a dose of Filicine?

A: Official patient information advises that a patient not attempt to compensate by taking a double dose if a dose is missed. Patients are instructed to follow the specific guidance provided by their prescriber for managing a missed dose.

Q: Can children take Filicine, and is the dosage adjusted for them?

A: Yes, Filicine is generally approved for use in the Pediatric Population, including infants under 1 year. Official dosing guidelines state that the dosage is adjusted by the healthcare provider according to the child's age or weight to determine the appropriate therapeutic amount.

Q: Do I need a special diet while I am taking Filicine?

A: Official guidance emphasizes avoiding certain substances that interfere with Folic Acid levels, such as alcohol, but does not mandate a 'special' diet. Dietary changes, such as addressing a poor diet if deficiency is suspected, are often discussed as part of the overall clinical management plan.

Q: Why do some people say they felt nauseous after starting Filicine?

A: Nausea is officially documented as one of the commonly classified, low-frequency side effects of Folic Acid. This reaction has been reported more often in individuals receiving a high-dose regimen, such as 15 mg daily, over a period of one month or more.

Q: Is it normal to have mild headaches when first starting a course of Filicine?

A: Headaches are not listed among the commonly reported side effects of Filicine. Official regulatory documents indicate that very high doses may lead to central nervous system effects, but these are not typical occurrences at standard therapeutic levels. Any unusual symptoms, if experienced, are typically discussed with the prescribing healthcare provider.

Q: Are there any blood tests required before starting Filicine?

A: Yes, regulatory documents mandate a critical constraint: doses exceeding 0.1 mg are officially restricted until any associated Vitamin B12 deficiency is ruled out or is being treated. This requirement ensures that B12 deficiency is not masked, which necessitates a prior medical assessment, often involving blood testing.

Q: What are the signs of a serious allergic reaction to Filicine?

A: The official safety profile documents reports of severe systemic hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock. Less severe signs of an allergic reaction may include a generalized skin rash, itching (pruritus), or difficulty breathing (bronchospasm).

Q: Can taking Filicine affect sleep patterns?

A: Official regulatory information suggests that certain high-dose regimens of Folic Acid, such as 15 mg daily, have been associated with altered sleep patterns as a possible side effect. Any changes in sleep patterns, if experienced, are typically discussed with the prescribing healthcare provider.

Q: What research or studies back up the use of Filicine for its main purpose?

A: The use of Filicine for its primary purpose—correcting megaloblastic anemia due to Folic Acid deficiency—is backed by decades of established clinical experience and widespread regulatory approval. It is classified as an essential medicine based on its proven role in DNA synthesis and the proper maturation of red blood cells.

Q: Is there a generic version of Filicine available?

A: Yes, the active ingredient in Filicine is Folic Acid, which is a non-proprietary chemical compound (Vitamin B9). It is widely available as a generic or non-branded preparation, which provides the same essential vitamin.

Q: Is Filicine safe to take if I have liver or kidney issues?

A: Official regulatory labels do not usually specify dose adjustments for liver impairment. Caution is advised for patients with pre-existing kidney conditions due to study findings, meaning specific medical guidance is required, and requires individual medical guidance.

Q: How long does Filicine stay in your system after you stop taking it?

A: Official pharmacology data shows that Folic Acid is rapidly cleared from the plasma after administration. Any excess Folic Acid is not stored significantly and is often rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine. Treatment is aimed at normalizing long-term blood parameters, rather than maintaining high drug levels.

Q: Can I drink alcohol in moderation while on Filicine?

A: Official interaction documentation states that alcohol (Ethanol) is known to increase the elimination and loss of Folic Acid from the body. This interaction indicates that consuming alcohol may compromise the body's folate status and the overall goal of the treatment.

Q: What kind of specialist usually prescribes Filicine?

A: Given Filicine's role in addressing common deficiencies and its use for prophylaxis, it is frequently prescribed by various healthcare providers. This includes General Practitioners or Primary Care Physicians, as well as specialists such as Obstetricians/Gynaecologists and Haematologists.

Q: Is Filicine available over the counter in some countries?

A: Yes, Folic Acid is widely available over the counter in lower doses as a general dietary supplement in many regions. However, the higher therapeutic doses prescribed for treating a diagnosed deficiency usually require a prescription from a healthcare provider.

Q: Does Filicine have a known effect on weight gain or loss?

A: Official adverse reaction data lists anorexia (loss of appetite) as the most closely related effect reported, particularly when high-dose regimens are taken over a duration of one month. A general effect on weight gain or overall body mass is not specifically documented in regulatory warnings.

Q: Is it important to take Filicine with food, and if so, why?

A: Filicine can generally be taken with or without food, as there is no mandated requirement. However, some prescribers recommend taking it with a meal. This recommendation is typically made to help reduce the possibility of certain gastrointestinal side effects like nausea or stomach upset.

Q: Does Filicine affect mood or cause mood swings?

A: Official regulatory documents mention that at certain high-dose regimens, such as 15 mg daily, side effects may include psychiatric symptoms like irritability, excitement, mental depression, and confusion. These are generally not expected at typical therapeutic doses.

Q: What is the difference between taking Filicine once a day versus twice a day?

A: Official dosing guidelines generally recommend taking Filicine once daily for both deficiency treatment and maintenance. According to regulatory data, taking daily doses greater than 1 mg does not generally enhance the hematologic effect, suggesting that dividing the dose does not provide a clinical advantage.

Q: Is there a specific time of day that is best for taking Filicine?

A: No specific time of day is mandated for taking Filicine; it can be taken morning, noon, or evening. Patient information emphasizes that consistency—taking it at approximately the same time each day—is the most important factor for maximizing compliance and treatment effectiveness.

Q: What should I do if I accidentally take too much Filicine?

A: Folic Acid is generally considered to have a low level of toxicity. However, official safety information indicates that chronic administration of very high doses has been associated with various symptoms. If a patient believes an excessive amount has been taken, contact with a healthcare provider or a poison control center is typically recommended.

Q: What is the average duration of treatment with Filicine?

A: Official administration principles state that treatment duration typically follows a course of approximately four months or continues until the blood profile has normalized. For individuals with chronic underlying risk factors, long-term or lifelong use of a maintenance dose may often be necessary.

Q: Why is proper hydration emphasized when taking Filicine?

A: Official information notes that adequate fluid intake may support healthy renal clearance, especially since studies show that very high doses could potentially lead to crystal formation in the kidney tubules. This caution relates to the drug's metabolism and excretion.

Q: Does the effectiveness of Filicine wear off over time?

A: There is no evidence in regulatory documents to suggest that the drug loses its effectiveness (known as tolerance) over time. However, there is a serious warning that prolonged use (three months or longer) in at-risk individuals has been linked to precipitating cobalamin neuropathy, a serious complication that could be mistaken for the drug failing to work.

How should Filicine be stored and disposed of?

Storage and Disposal Requirements for Filicine

The storage of Filicine (Folic Acid) must adhere to specific regulatory conditions to maintain the product's quality and stability. The medicine must be stored in the original package to ensure protection from light. It must not be stored above 25 C.

Storage Requirement Condition
Maximum Temperature Store below 25 C
Container Rule Store in the original package
Protection Rule Protect from light
Shelf-Life 3 years (under specified conditions)

All medicine must be kept out of the sight and reach of children.

Disposal

Unused or expired Filicine should be disposed of according to local regulatory requirements and must not be discarded via household waste or wastewater.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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