Feverfew

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Feverfew

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Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Feverfew

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active Ingredient Parthenolide (sesquiterpene lactone)
Form Capsules, Tablets, Tinctures (Oral)
Pharmacological Class Herbal Anti-inflammatory Agent
Common Use Supporting inflammatory and vascular balance
Origin Natural (Perennial Herb), Tanacetum parthenium

What Type of Medicine is Feverfew? Defining the Phytomedicine

Feverfew, scientifically designated as Tanacetum parthenium, is a phytomedicine and herbal supplement derived from the dried leaves and aerial parts of a perennial herb. As a traditional herbal medicinal product, it is used for supporting general well-being related to pain and inflammation. This natural preparation is recognized for anti-inflammatory properties which functionally positions the botanical entity as an NSAID analogue by modulating inflammatory pathways.

Composition and Available Forms of Feverfew

The active identity of Feverfew is intrinsically linked to its complex plant chemistry, primarily featuring sesquiterpene lactones, with parthenolide being the most recognized and studied active ingredient. This compound is the primary focus for quality control. This natural extract also contains flavonoids and various volatile oils that collectively contribute to its profile. For patient use, Feverfew is predominantly administered by the oral route in common dosage form(s), including capsules, tablets, and liquid tinctures, with many commercial preparations sold as standardized extracts to ensure consistent parthenolide content.

General Purpose: How Feverfew Supports Physical Balance

The general purpose of Feverfew is to support the body's mechanisms for managing physical tension and maintaining inflammatory balance. It is commonly utilized by individuals seeking to maintain comfort during periods of generalized physical strain. Its constituents are known to affect certain biological pathways, including the potential modulation of chemical messengers like serotonin and the inhibition of substances involved in inflammation, such as prostaglandins. This foundational mechanism positions Feverfew as a plant-derived support for normal blood vessel function and a general aid in relieving systemic physical discomfort, based on its established traditional use.

Regulatory References

  1. EMA Herbal Monograph for Feverfew

What side effects are possible with Feverfew?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The official regulatory classification of the safety profile for Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), particularly in its traditional herbal use, is defined by documented adverse reactions across several system-organ classes. The most common manifestations involve the gastrointestinal system, often presenting as general upset, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; however, the specific frequency for these effects is often designated as not known in official monographs.

Reactions affecting the skin and oral tissues are also documented, including contact dermatitis, skin rash, mouth ulcers, and swelling of the lips and tongue. This oral irritation is particularly associated with chewing the raw or fresh leaves. Following the abrupt cessation of long-term use, a post-feverfew withdrawal syndrome is recognized, which may manifest as a return of severe headaches, alongside anxiety, sleep difficulty, and musculoskeletal discomfort.

Feverfew is officially contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to the herb or to other plants in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. Use is not recommended in certain populations: during pregnancy or lactation due to lack of safety data and concern over uterine-stimulating effects, and in children and adolescents under 18 years of age due to insufficient data on safety. Furthermore, the herb may affect coagulation by potentially slowing blood clotting, and official guidance therefore advises a period of suspension prior to scheduled surgical procedures.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help

The official profile for this traditional herbal product is primarily characterized by the limited availability of specific overdose data in regulatory records.

Overdose scope

Feature Official Regulatory Statement
Documented overdose presentations No formal cases of overdose have been reported in official Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) assessments. Potential high-exposure effects include gastrointestinal disturbances and oral ulceration (mouth sores).
Physiological systems affected Primarily the gastrointestinal tract and the oral mucosa.
Emergency-response statements Regulatory guidance mandates that the individual should seek emergency medical attention immediately in the event of suspected over-ingestion.
When immediate medical help is required Urgent help is required when an overdose is suspected, necessitating contact with the Poison Help line or other emergency services.

Overdose classifications (high-level)

Classification Official Regulatory Statement
Severity classification Official government sources state that no serious side effects have been reported from the general use of Feverfew.
Regulatory basis Traditional herbal product status, resulting in an exemption from certain detailed overdose reporting requirements.

Resulting overdose structure

Official overdose statements:

  • No specific antidote is documented in the regulatory prescribing information.
  • Management of high exposure is limited to symptomatic and supportive treatment.
  • Contact with emergency medical services remains a universal requirement for suspected over-ingestion.

The regulatory overdose profile emphasizes the mandate to seek immediate medical attention for suspected over-ingestion, which is required despite the formal statement that no serious adverse effects have been reported in the general use of the product. The treatment approach is officially defined by its supportive nature.

Therapeutic Uses of Feverfew

What Feverfew Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Feverfew is commonly applied in settings where supportive symptom management is appropriate for conditions involving recurrent, episodic manifestations. Its main therapeutic benefit helps manage symptoms that interfere with daily functioning and contributes to easing the overall symptom load. This supplement plays a role in managing symptom clusters that may become disruptive, such as symptoms related to physical discomfort and heightened neurological activity.

The use of this supplement is relevant in conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms and is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed. It is used in situations involving certain distressing symptoms that create noticeable physiological strain.

Supportive management is commonly sought across conditions, including those characterized by recurrent migraine, systemic discomfort, and episodic dysmenorrhea. Feverfew provides support that helps ease the overall symptom burden during symptomatic phases.


Quick Fact: Management of Recurrent Symptom Patterns

Property Description
Primary Use Management of recurrent headache frequency
Symptom Focus Symptoms related to physical discomfort and systemic imbalance
Benefit Type Long-term stability and easing of symptomatic burden
Scenario Continuous supportive management for chronic conditions

Regulatory References

  1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility and Restrictions for Feverfew Use

Regulatory authorities define specific populations that are eligible, restricted, or prohibited from using Feverfew. Use is generally established for adults aged 18 years and older.

Population Status Regulatory Rule
Contraindicated Prohibited for pregnant women due to potential uterine effects. Also prohibited for individuals with known allergy to Feverfew or to plants in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family (e.g., ragweed).
Not Recommended Use is not recommended for children and adolescents under 18, as safety and efficacy data are insufficient for these age groups. It is also not recommended for breastfeeding women because safety has not been established.

Conditional Use and Restrictions

Official eligibility is conditional for certain medical situations. Patients with pre-existing blood clotting disorders should use the medicine with caution. Furthermore, use should be discontinued approximately two weeks before any scheduled surgery due to the potential for affecting blood coagulation. Eligibility rules concerning liver or kidney impairment are not specifically documented in the official regulatory monographs.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interaction Map: Interactions with other medicines and products — official regulatory information for Feverfew


Interaction scope

  • Medicinal product categories with documented interactions: Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Drugs, NSAIDs, and medicines that are substrates for multiple Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.
  • Specific interacting medicines (if explicitly listed): Warfarin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Apixaban, Dabigatran, and other oral/parenteral anti-clotting agents.
  • Mechanistic basis of interactions (only if stated in label): Pharmacodynamic interaction (additive effect on coagulation) and Pharmacokinetic interaction (inhibition of multiple CYP enzymes).
  • Timing-based interaction rules (if applicable): Discontinuation of use is required at least 2 weeks before scheduled surgery.
  • Population-specific interaction notes (if applicable): None are explicitly documented in regulatory labeling regarding increased interaction severity.
  • Interaction-related restrictions: Use with caution with any product that affects coagulation and bleeding. No drug-drug combinations are formally classified as Contraindicated.

Interaction classifications (high-level)

  • Interaction severity classification (as defined in official documents): Primarily classified as Use with Caution due to risk of bleeding and potential for increased exposure of other medicines via enzyme inhibition.
  • Regulatory basis (EMA / FDA / etc.): Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) monographs.
  • Interaction-context constraints (as defined in official documents): Risk of bleeding is the primary context that dictates the required procedural constraint of pre-operative cessation.

Resulting interaction structure

  • Official interaction statements: The regulatory profile defines interactions based on a pharmacodynamic risk of bleeding and a pharmacokinetic potential for enzyme inhibition.
  • Connection to the overall interaction profile (2–4 sentences): The interaction structure is defined by its potential to affect coagulation, mandating cessation prior to surgery. Pharmacokinetic data indicates the potential to elevate plasma concentrations of co-administered CYP enzyme substrates.

Mechanism of Action

Feverfew's mechanism of action is primarily executed by the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, which exerts two distinct suppressive effects on signaling pathways governing inflammatory protein synthesis and neurovascular processes.

Inhibition of Inflammatory Gene Transcription

This mechanism focuses on parthenolide's ability to inhibit the crucial IκB Kinase (IKK) complex, which prevents the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor. By blocking NF-κB from initiating pro-inflammatory gene expression, the action suppresses the cellular synthesis of key mediators, including the enzyme COX-2 and various cytokines, resulting in suppressed capacity for pro-inflammatory protein synthesis.


TRPA1 Desensitization and Neurovascular Signal Suppression

A distinct mechanism involves the targeted interaction with the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel found on sensory neurons. Parthenolide causes the sustained desensitization of this channel, which suppresses the release of the vasoactive neuropeptide CGRP from trigeminal nerve endings. This action results in reduced CGRP-mediated vasodilation and suppression of neurogenic signaling.

Dosage and Administration Information

Feverfew, as a regulated herbal medicinal product, is administered via the oral route using solid dosage forms such as capsules or tablets containing the powdered herb or standardized extracts. The high-level use pattern is characterized by a specific posology for adults and the elderly, with a daily dose range spanning from 100 mg up to 600 mg of the powdered herbal substance. The administration frequency is typically structured as a once-daily intake for the lower doses (e.g., 100 mg) or a three-times-daily regimen for higher single doses (e.g., 200 mg).

Common administration protocols outline a controlled dosage adjustment procedure. A lower starting dose may be gradually increased until the desired effect is achieved, provided the maximum limit of 600 mg per day is not exceeded. This protocol is intended for continuous management, with a treatment period of at least 2 months required to adequately evaluate the product's influence. Furthermore, the use context is typically described for specific groups: the posology is identical for older adults, but the product is not recommended for those under 18 years due to a lack of sufficient data. Procedural conditions require consultation if symptoms intensify or return following the specified two-month course of administration.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Feverfew: Recent Clinical Evidence

Clinical research on feverfew (scientific name: Tanacetum parthenium) has focused primarily on its use in managing occasional tension and headache. The plant contains a variety of compounds, notably parthenolide, which is the subject of most laboratory and human studies. Research has explored how these compounds may affect certain inflammatory pathways in the body.


Headache Prophylaxis Studies

Studies examining feverfew for headache prophylaxis have yielded mixed results. Several older, small-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that certain standardized feverfew preparations may be associated with a decrease in the frequency of headaches compared to placebo. However, other later and larger studies have not consistently replicated these findings. The evidence is generally considered to be limited and inconsistent regarding efficacy for preventing headache episodes.


Other Investigational Uses

Research has also explored the effects of feverfew components on inflammation-related conditions. These investigations remain preliminary and largely confined to laboratory and animal models. There is insufficient reliable clinical evidence to support the use of feverfew for conditions other than those related to occasional headache tension.

Safety and Standardization

Variations in the content of active compounds, particularly parthenolide, have been observed in different commercial preparations. This lack of standardization is one factor that contributes to the variable outcomes seen across different clinical trials. Common adverse effects reported in studies include mild digestive upset and, less frequently, mouth ulcers.

Key Studies & References

  1. Feverfew Trials: The promise of -- and the problem with -- standardized botanical extracts (Discusses parthenolide standardization issue)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Feverfew (FAQ)

Q: How long does it usually take to feel effects from Feverfew?

A: Official guidance does not define a specific timeframe for when the initial effects of Feverfew may be felt. However, the product information states that a course of administration of at least two months is generally required to adequately evaluate the product’s overall influence.


Q: Can I stop taking Feverfew suddenly?

A: Regulatory documents describe a potential withdrawal syndrome that has been reported following the abrupt discontinuation of long-term use. This syndrome may manifest as a return of severe headaches, alongside feelings of anxiety or difficulty sleeping.


Q: Does Feverfew interact with common pain relievers like ibuprofen?

A: Official interaction documents note that Feverfew may interact with medicines that affect blood clotting. This includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are a common category of pain reliever. Information concerning interactions should be reviewed.


Q: Does Feverfew affect the way birth control pills work?

A: Regulatory documents indicate that Feverfew has the potential to affect multiple Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. These enzymes are involved in processing many types of medication in the body, which means there is a general potential for influence on other co-administered medicines.


Q: Can Feverfew interact with supplements like Ginkgo Biloba or St. John's Wort?

A: Official documents advise caution when using Feverfew with other products that may affect blood clotting or those that are processed by Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. This guidance applies to some herbal supplements as well as prescription medicines.


Q: Are there different quality standards for Feverfew supplements?

A: Yes, regulatory monographs define specific quality standards for the Feverfew herbal substance itself. These standards often require a minimum content of the active compound, parthenolide, to ensure the product is consistent and standardized.


Q: Are there any food or drink restrictions when using Feverfew?

A: Regulatory documents do not list specific food or drink restrictions or required timing associated with the use of Feverfew.


Q: What parts of the Feverfew plant are used in supplements?

A: According to regulatory definitions, the herbal substance used in Feverfew preparations consists of the dried leaves and aerial parts of the Tanacetum parthenium plant.


Q: What is the minimum age for using Feverfew, according to regulatory documents?

A: Official guidance specifies that the use of Feverfew is not recommended for children and adolescents under 18 years of age. This restriction is based on insufficient data regarding safety and efficacy in these younger age groups.


Q: Are there specific storage conditions for Feverfew supplements?

A: Yes, regulatory guidelines define storage conditions to maintain product quality. These typically require the product to be kept protected from heat, direct sunlight, and moisture, often at or below ambient temperatures (e.g., 25^circC or 30^circC).


Q: How reliable is the evidence for Feverfew's benefits?

A: Clinical evidence for the use of Feverfew is often described in authoritative documents as limited and inconsistent across different studies. For some applications, the evidence is largely based on long-standing traditional use.


Q: Can Feverfew cause problems with my teeth or gums?

A: Documented adverse effects in the oral area include the development of mouth ulcers and swelling of the lips and tongue. This irritation is specifically associated with chewing the raw or fresh leaves of the plant.


Q: What is the general safety classification of Feverfew?

A: The official safety classification is dictated by known potential contraindications and interactions. Because of the risk of affecting blood clotting and specific allergies (e.g., Asteraceae family), its use is generally assigned a ‘Use with Caution’ status.


Q: If I miss a dose of Feverfew, what am I supposed to do?

A: The general guidance provided in the official product information for a forgotten dose is to simply continue with the next scheduled dose at the usual time. Official guidance typically specifies that the missed dose should not be doubled.


Q: Does the form of Feverfew (fresh leaf vs. extract) matter for effects?

A: Yes, the form may affect the side effect profile. Regulatory documents specifically note that oral irritation, such as mouth ulcers, is more associated with chewing the raw or fresh leaves, compared to commercial capsule or tablet forms.


Q: Why is it listed as an herbal product in some places and a drug in others?

A: The classification of Feverfew varies depending on the region’s regulatory framework. For instance, some regulatory bodies classify it as a 'traditional herbal medicinal product,' which is subject to drug regulation, while others classify it as a 'dietary supplement.'

How should Feverfew be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Feverfew?

Regulatory agencies define specific storage conditions to preserve the stability and quality of Feverfew preparations, often focusing on protecting the active compounds like parthenolide.

Storage Classification Requirement
Temperature Store below 25 C or 30 C (ambient temperature).
Protection Keep protected from heat, direct sunlight, and moisture; store in the original, tightly closed container.
Handling Keep out of the sight and reach of children.
In-Use Stability Stability may be time-limited after opening, particularly for liquid preparations, as defined on the product label.

Disposal must be executed in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations for pharmaceutical or herbal waste. It is important to avoid disposal through household trash or by flushing down drains to prevent potential environmental contamination. Always consult local waste management guidance for the proper disposal method.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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