Dolak

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Dolak

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Dolak

What is Dolak? Identity and General Purpose

Property Description
Active ingredient Ketorolac Tromethamine
Forms Tablets, Injection Solution, Nasal Spray, Ophthalmic Solution
Pharmacological Class Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Origin Synthetic Organic Compound

Dolak is a pharmaceutical product containing the powerful analgesic agent Ketorolac Tromethamine, a synthetic compound utilized for the management of acute pain. Its positioning as a potent Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) is clinically recognized for providing relief in situations requiring stronger pain control than standard over-the-counter options.

The Pharmaceutical Identity: Ketorolac Tromethamine

Dolak is the trade name for a medicine whose single active component is Ketorolac Tromethamine. The active compound is administered as a racemic mixture and is specifically distinguished by the wide range of pharmaceutical preparations available. These preparations include film-coated tablets for oral use, a solution for injection (intravenous or intramuscular administration), a nasal spray for systemic delivery, and an ophthalmic solution for local ocular application. This characteristic variety in dosage forms—especially the availability of a parenteral route—provides flexibility in clinical settings where oral intake may be restricted.

Classification and Function: A Potent NSAID

Dolak is categorized as a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and is valued for its high analgesic activity. This classification defines its general therapeutic purpose as providing significant relief for acute, moderately severe discomfort. Ketorolac has a pharmacological profile noted for its strong efficacy in managing intense, short-term pain. This underscores its role in managing acute pain, such as following a medical procedure. Ketorolac is not classified as a narcotic and does not possess the addictive potential associated with opioid drugs, allowing it to function as a respected opioid-sparing agent in acute pain treatment regimens.

High-Level Mechanism: Inhibiting Pain Mediators

The primary function of Dolak is to interfere with the chemical pathways that trigger inflammation and pain signals. The drug’s mechanism involves the non-selective inhibition of the Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system. By blocking COX activity, Ketorolac prevents the production of Prostaglandins, which are local hormones that mediate the inflammatory response and sensitize nerve endings. This action delivers its characteristic powerful relief by controlling the biological process at the source of the discomfort.

Regulatory References

  1. Ketorolac Injection (NIH DailyMed)
  2. Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Management
  3. MedlinePlus: Ketorolac

What side effects are possible with Dolak?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

Dolak (Ketorolac Tromethamine) carries a regulatory safety profile defined by the potential for serious adverse reactions, leading to strict limits on its use. All documented risks and frequency classifications are based on official government regulatory sources, such as the FDA and EMA.


Serious System-Organ Class Risks

Regulatory labeling highlights the risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. The risk may increase with the duration of use. Similarly, the drug can cause peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and/or perforation of the stomach or intestines, which may also be fatal and can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms. The potential for acute renal failure and injury is also a major concern, particularly in patients with existing renal impairment.

Common and Less Frequent Adverse Reactions

Commonly reported adverse reactions (with an incidence typically between 1% and 10%) often affect the Gastrointestinal and Nervous Systems, and include nausea, dyspepsia, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and edema (fluid retention). The most frequent reactions (incidence greater than 10%) typically include nausea and headaches. Rare, post-marketing reports include severe reactions such as anaphylaxis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.

Safety-Related Restrictions and Duration

The risk of adverse reactions is explicitly documented to increase with both the dose and the duration of treatment. Consequently, the total combined duration of use of all formulations (e.g., tablet, injection) is stipulated not to exceed 5 days in adults. The medicine is contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, advanced renal impairment, high risk of bleeding, and for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.


Population-Specific Safety Considerations

Older adults (65 years and older) are at greater risk for serious gastrointestinal and other adverse events, requiring reduced doses as specified in the label. The medicine is contraindicated in labor and delivery and in nursing mothers.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

Immediate medical attention is required if an overdose of Dolak (Ketorolac Tromethamine) is suspected. Regulator-documented information on overdose is strictly for descriptive purposes and emphasizes the need for urgent professional care.


Documented Manifestations and Severe Outcomes

Symptoms following acute overdose are typically related to the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, and are generally reported as reversible with supportive care. Documented manifestations include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, drowsiness, and hyperventilation.

Severe outcomes, while rare, are formally documented and may include gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension, respiratory depression, and, rarely, coma or anaphylactoid reactions. Renal dysfunction has also been reported, which resolved after discontinuation of the drug.


Official Emergency Actions

No specific antidote is known for Ketorolac Tromethamine overdose. Management is limited to symptomatic and supportive care, as stated in the prescribing information. Regulators indicate that procedures such as hemodialysis are generally considered not useful due to the drug’s high protein binding.

Urgent medical assistance must be sought right away if an overdose is suspected, or if a patient exhibits severe signs such as bloody stools or loss of consciousness. The risk of serious gastrointestinal events is noted to be greater in elderly patients, requiring special consideration.

Therapeutic Uses of Dolak

Quick Facts: Uses of Dolak

  • Relief of Symptoms: May help manage discomfort, stiffness, and localized swelling.
  • Chronic Conditions: Indicated to support the management of inflammation associated with conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Acute Pain: Used for the short-term relief of mild to moderate pain (e.g., muscle pain, joint pain).

Dolak is a prescription medication utilized to address symptoms related to various inflammatory and painful conditions. Its primary function is to help manage discomfort and the physical manifestations of inflammation, such as swelling and stiffness, that are associated with chronic joint disorders.

Specifically, the drug is indicated for the long-term management of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. For these patients, Dolak may help support an improved ability to function and assist in the management of joint-related symptoms.

Additionally, Dolak may be prescribed for the short-term relief of mild to moderate acute pain resulting from different causes, such as musculo-skeletal injuries or dental procedures.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Who Can and Cannot Use Dolak?

Dolak (Ketorolac Tromethamine) is a restricted-use medication, with eligibility strictly defined by governmental regulatory documents. Systemic use is limited to a maximum of five days for all eligible patients. The primary rule for use is the absence of specific health conditions.


Contraindicated Populations (Must Not Use)

Population/Condition Restriction Status
History of Peptic Ulcer Disease or GI Bleeding CONTRAINDICATED
Advanced Renal Impairment CONTRAINDICATED
History of Allergy to Aspirin or Other NSAIDs CONTRAINDICATED
Late Pregnancy (≥ 30 weeks), Labor, or Lactation CONTRAINDICATED
Patients on Concomitant NSAIDs or Aspirin CONTRAINDICATED
Patients with Cerebrovascular Bleeding or High Bleeding Risk CONTRAINDICATED

Restricted or Not Established Use

Population/Condition Eligibility Status
Pediatric Patients (typically < 17 years) Safety Not Established
Geriatric Patients (≥ 65 years) Restricted Use (Lower Max Dose)
Patients with Moderate Renal Impairment Restricted Use (Lower Max Dose)

Use is generally established only for adult patients requiring short-term acute pain management, provided no absolute contraindications are present.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Ketorolac, the active component in Dolak, has officially documented interactions primarily centered on additive effects, altered drug clearance, and increased risk of adverse events when combined with certain therapeutic classes.


Documented Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions

Interacting Product Category Practical Interaction Implication
Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets (e.g., Warfarin, Heparin, Clopidogrel) Significantly increases the risk of serious bleeding; co-administration is generally restricted or contraindicated.
Other NSAIDs/Aspirin Substantially increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers; concurrent use is not recommended.
Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) May reduce the diuretic and natriuretic effects of the loop diuretic.
Lithium Inhibits renal clearance of lithium, leading to potentially toxic elevated plasma lithium concentrations.
Methotrexate Reduces the clearance of methotrexate, potentially increasing its toxicity; caution and reduced methotrexate doses are typically required.
ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) May result in impaired renal function, especially in volume-depleted or elderly patients.
P-glycoprotein Inhibitors (e.g., Cyclosporine) May increase nephrotoxicity due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; increased monitoring for kidney function is required.

Official Regulatory Constraints: The labeling strongly restricts simultaneous use with other NSAIDs, including aspirin, and prohibits combination with anticoagulants due to the high risk of serious hemorrhage. Due to the potential for elevated concentrations of co-administered medicines, monitoring is required for products like lithium and methotrexate. The majority of constraints center on managing cumulative risks to the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

Mechanism of Action

Targeted Enzyme Inhibition in Signaling Pathways

Dolak operates by selectively binding to and inhibiting the activity of the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. This key mechanistic action directly interrupts the body's natural synthesis of specific lipid signaling molecules called prostaglandins, which are central to activating peripheral nerve endings (nociceptors) and initiating local tissue responses. The drug essentially occupies the enzyme’s active site, preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid. The resulting decrease in these powerful mediators leads to the reduction in nociceptor activation and decreased transmission of afferent signals in affected tissues.


Modulation of Local Physiological Responses

The mechanism extends into the broader physiological system by limiting the chemical drivers of heightened local activity. By suppressing prostaglandin generation, the drug limits the extent of vasodilation (blood vessel widening) and vascular permeability. This targeted modulation of the local environment results in predictable physiological adjustments, namely reduced localized vasodilation and decreased extravasation of fluid, influencing the resulting changes in tissue physiology.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Dolak is Used: Official Administration and Dosing Principles

Dolak (Ketorolac Tromethamine) is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intended strictly for the short-term management of acute pain. The defining principle for its systemic use (IV, IM, oral, nasal) is a mandatory limit: the combined total duration of therapy must not exceed five consecutive days in adult patients.

Administration Routes and Dosing Patterns

The medicine is administered through multiple routes, and its use often follows a step-down approach where the injectable form precedes the oral form. The oral tablet is designated solely as continuation therapy following the initiation of treatment with the parenteral (IV or IM) route, and is not approved for initial systemic dosing.

Administration Route Standard Adult Dose Frequency and Max Dose (Standard Adult)
Parenteral (IV/IM) 30 mg Every 6 hours; maximum of 120 mg/day.
Oral (Continuation) 10 mg Every 4 to 6 hours; maximum of 40 mg/day.
Intranasal 31.5 mg (two sprays) Every 6 to 8 hours; maximum of 126 mg/day.

Special Procedural Instructions

IV administration must be delivered as a bolus injection over a minimum of 15 seconds. For patients with specific risk factors, including older adults (65 years or older), those with low body weight (under 50 kg), or patients with renal impairment, the maximum daily dose for parenteral administration is reduced to 60 mg/day to mitigate risks. Oral tablets taken with a high-fat meal may lead to a delayed and decreased peak concentration.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Dolak

Evidence for Use in Moderately Severe Acute Pain

Research exploring Dolak (Ketorolac Tromethamine) for acute pain is primarily based on short-term, defined Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews. These studies were conducted during periods of increased symptom activity, often including adult patients immediately following surgical procedures. Research examined outcomes related to physical discomfort, specifically monitoring how symptoms evolved in the observed populations using standardized pain scales.

Studies conducted during periods of increased symptom activity examined outcomes related to short-term changes in pain intensity in the observed adult populations. Research highlights changes measured during the study period, helping to contextualize how patients reported their experience over restricted timeframes. Comparative trials also explored the patterns of supplemental pain medication consumption when Dolak was administered alongside care. Findings describe patterns observed in the studies related to these episodic or acute changes.

However, the evidence is highly focused and strictly limited in duration. Due to the pharmacological nature of the drug, research is uniformly constrained to short-term scenarios, typically a maximum of five days of total systemic use. As a result, long-term effects are not fully established, and evidence for use beyond this restricted period remains insufficient.


Evidence for Localized Ocular Pain and Inflammation

Studies for the ophthalmic (eye drop) form of Dolak primarily involve controlled clinical trials relevant in evidence describing how symptoms are measured after eye procedures. Research explored the use of the medicine in adult patients undergoing specific ocular procedures, such as cataract removal. Outcomes studied were linked to inflammatory or irritative states, focusing on how symptoms change over time, specifically tracking changes in pain and localized swelling or inflammation in the eye.

Findings were mixed in very specific patient subgroups, and certain limitations apply. The results apply only to the populations studied and the specific conditions under which the research was conducted. Comparative evidence is often lacking for how this drug performs against all other similar local treatments, and long-term effects on the overall health of the eye are not fully established.


Research for Chronic Inflammatory Condition Symptoms

For conditions characterized by functional limitations, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, research has explored Dolak's action as an anti-inflammatory agent. This evidence is generally derived from studies focusing on symptomatic relief, including trials for the local injection formulation into specific joints. Studies monitored how symptoms evolved in observed populations, evaluating outcomes measured during the study period, such as movement ability and joint pain.

Crucially, comparative evidence for the effectiveness of prolonged, continuous systemic use for chronic conditions is lacking. Due to safety considerations, follow-up durations for systemic studies were limited. Therefore, data for long-term management of chronic conditions via systemic routes remain insufficient.

Key Studies & References Ketorolac (Systemic Use): StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf (Review of Duration Limits, Adverse Effects, and Special Populations)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Dolak (FAQ)


Q: How quickly does Dolak typically start to work?

Official studies and pharmacology data indicate that patients usually begin to notice pain-relieving effects within 30 to 60 minutes after administration for the systemic (oral or injected) forms. The medicine is generally used in settings where a rapid onset of activity is desired for acute pain management.


Q: Is it common to feel tired after taking Dolak?

Regulatory documents list drowsiness (somnolence) as a commonly reported adverse experience, occurring in 1% to 10% of patients during clinical trials. This finding indicates that drowsiness, which may be perceived as tiredness, is a documented occurrence when using the medicine.


Q: Can Dolak be taken by children?

The safety and effectiveness of systemic (non-eye drop) forms of Dolak have generally not been established for pediatric patients younger than 17 years of age. For some specific formulations, use is officially contraindicated in children under 2 years of age.


Q: What should be done if a side effect feels bothersome?

Official patient instructions generally advise contacting a healthcare provider if an adverse reaction is suspected or experienced. Any action regarding the medicine, such as stopping or modifying use, should be determined by a qualified professional.


Q: Is Dolak known to cause issues with sleeping?

Adverse reaction reports include difficulty sleeping, known medically as insomnia, as a less frequent central nervous system event. This indicates that while drowsiness is more common, trouble sleeping is also documented in official information.


Q: Can I take Dolak if I am taking over-the-counter allergy medicine?

Official warnings state that Dolak should not be taken with other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) due to an increased risk of serious side effects. The concurrent use of any other over-the-counter medicine should be checked by a healthcare professional to identify potential interacting ingredients.


Q: Is it safe to drink coffee while using Dolak?

Official patient guidelines often suggest general caution regarding stomach irritants like coffee and alcohol. Since Dolak carries a risk of gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding, reducing or avoiding additional irritants is a consideration.


Q: Are there any specific foods to avoid when taking Dolak?

The official label notes that taking oral Dolak with a high-fat meal may result in delayed and decreased absorption of the medicine. While no specific food is listed as prohibited, taking the oral tablet with a high-fat meal has been shown to potentially delay and decrease the absorption of the medicine.


Q: Do many people report feeling sick to their stomach when starting Dolak?

Official adverse reaction data lists nausea as one of the most frequent side effects, occurring in over 10% of patients. Dyspepsia (indigestion or stomach discomfort) is also commonly reported, confirming these gastrointestinal effects are a frequent experience.


Q: Can Dolak be split in half?

Official product information generally describes the oral tablets as film-coated without a score line, and administration instructions do not include splitting. The absence of official splitting instructions means the drug information does not support dividing the tablet. The medicine is generally intended to be administered as a whole unit.


Q: Does Dolak affect blood pressure?

Official warnings state that Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like Dolak may cause the new onset of high blood pressure (hypertension) or worsen pre-existing high blood pressure. Hypertension is also listed as a commonly reported adverse reaction in clinical data.


Q: Can Dolak change my mood or energy level?

Adverse reaction reports from official sources include less frequent effects on the nervous system and mood, such as anxiety, depression, and abnormal thinking. These psychological effects may influence a person’s overall mood and energy level.


Q: Why is Dolak sometimes prescribed for multiple different issues?

Dolak is classified as a potent Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) which acts by broadly inhibiting the body's pain and inflammatory pathways through the COX enzyme. This general mechanism relates to its use in managing various types of acute, moderately severe pain where inflammation is a contributing factor, consistent with its official indications.


Q: Is it common for people to switch from a different drug to Dolak?

The drug is indicated for short-term acute pain management. In clinical settings, it is sometimes used as part of a strategy to manage pain where the reduction of opioid use is a goal. The oral tablet is often used as continuation therapy following an injectable form.


Q: Does taking Dolak require special monitoring or blood tests?

Official documents advise that blood pressure should be monitored in all patients during treatment with Dolak. Increased monitoring of kidney function may also be required, especially for patients with renal impairment or when the medicine is used with certain interacting drugs like lithium or methotrexate.


Q: Is Dolak available over the counter, or is it prescription only?

Systemic Dolak is classified as a prescription-only medicine. Due to its potency and strict regulatory constraints on the maximum dose and duration of use, it requires authorization from a healthcare professional.


Q: Are there different strengths of Dolak available?

Yes, Dolak is available in different strengths across its various dosage forms. For example, the oral tablets are typically 10 mg, and the injection solution and nasal spray are available in specific concentrations designed for different administration routes.


Q: Can I take Dolak if I have liver problems?

Official documents caution that NSAIDs should be used with care in patients with preexisting liver disease. Elevated liver enzymes are listed as a possible adverse reaction, and a healthcare provider may need to monitor liver function during treatment.


Q: Can Dolak affect how I react to sunlight?

Official adverse reaction reports include photosensitivity as a less frequent dermatological reaction. This means there is a potential for increased sensitivity to sun or ultraviolet light when using the medicine.


Q: How long do most people stay on Dolak?

The official regulatory constraint strictly mandates that the total combined duration of systemic Dolak therapy (oral, nasal, injection) must not exceed five consecutive days in adults. This strict limit is in place due to the increased risk of serious adverse events associated with prolonged use.


Q: Can Dolak interact with herbal supplements like St. John's Wort?

Official documents list interactions with specific pharmaceutical classes but generally advise caution and consultation for all herbal or dietary supplements. Some supplements may interfere with how the drug works or potentially increase the risk of bleeding.


Q: What is the purpose of the black box warning on Dolak's information, if it has one?

Dolak is subject to a Boxed Warning—the strongest warning required by the FDA—to highlight the potential for serious adverse events. This includes significant risks for gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration, and cardiovascular thrombotic events such as heart attack or stroke.


Q: Are there specific times of day Dolak is generally suggested to be used?

Official administration instructions are based on a fixed frequency (e.g., every 4 to 6 hours) as needed for pain relief. The instructions do not typically suggest a specific time of day like morning or night, but rather focus on maintaining the required interval between uses.


Q: Is it normal to feel no effect from Dolak in the first few days?

Studies examine the change in pain intensity over the short treatment period. However, individual response times can vary, and official information does not define the absence of effect in the first few days as 'normal.' Concerns about the medicine's effects should be discussed with the prescribing healthcare professional.


Q: Can Dolak be used at the same time as cold medicine?

Many common over-the-counter cold medicines contain ingredients, such as other NSAIDs, that are officially contraindicated (must not be used) with Dolak. Combining these products can significantly increase the risk of serious side effects like gastrointestinal bleeding.


How should Dolak be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Dolak (Ketorolac Tromethamine)

Dolak storage and disposal must adhere strictly to official regulatory guidelines to maintain its stability and ensure safety.

Storage Conditions

  • Temperature and Protection: The medicine must be stored at Controlled Room Temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F). It must be protected from light and kept from freezing.
  • Container Rules: Oral tablets must be in a tightly closed container to avoid moisture. Injection vials should be kept in the original carton for light protection.
  • Child Safety: The product must be stored out of the reach of children in a secure location.

Disposal Instructions

  • Unused Product: Unused or expired Dolak must be disposed of in accordance with local and national regulations, generally favoring drug take-back programs.
  • Environmental Restrictions: The medicine must not be disposed of by pouring into drains or sewers. Used needles or syringes must be placed in an FDA-cleared sharps container.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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