Dizinal

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Dizinal

Method of action: Antiemetic

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 10/01/2026

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Dizinal

What is Dizinal? Overview

Property Description
Active Ingredient Dimenhydrinate
Form Oral tablets
Pharmacological Class Antihistamine and Antiemetic
General Purpose Relief from motion sickness, nausea, and vertigo
Origin Synthetic compound

What is Dizinal and What Type of Drug is it?

Dizinal is a synthetic pharmaceutical preparation whose active ingredient is Dimenhydrinate, primarily classified as a first-generation antihistamine and a powerful antiemetic agent. It belongs to the ethanolamine derivative class. This classification indicates the drug's core functional identity: a synthetic compound designed to modify neurological signals that cause discomfort related to motion and balance.

The medicine's formulation is chemically distinct because Dimenhydrinate is a unique combination salt consisting of two components: the sedating antihistamine Diphenhydramine and the mild stimulant 8-Chlorotheophylline. This balanced structure is clinically recognized for offering a specific therapeutic profile, setting it apart from pure Diphenhydramine products. Other popular trade names utilizing this identical formulation include Dramamine and Gravol.


Composition and General Therapeutic Purpose

Dizinal is most commonly manufactured as an oral dosage form, typically presented as tablets intended for oral administration. The medication’s core therapeutic purpose is to act as an anti-sickness and anti-vertigo agent, providing general relief from uncomfortable conditions involving dizziness and nausea. Dimenhydrinate is an established and reliable agent for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness.

The presence of Dimenhydrinate facilitates this role by allowing the drug to affect the central nervous system. Its general purpose is to suppress the overwhelming and conflicting sensory input, such as that experienced during travel or due to inner ear disturbances, that manifests as motion sickness, nausea, or acute vertigo. It is designed for short-term stabilization, focusing on the immediate reduction of these symptoms.


How Does Dizinal's Type Influence its Function?

The designation of Dimenhydrinate as a first-generation antihistamine directly dictates its functional identity as a medicine for balance issues. This chemical structure allows the drug to modulate the delicate function of the vestibular apparatus—the inner ear's balance center—which is the source of many dizziness signals.

This influence on the vestibular system means the medication is specifically equipped to block the chemical pathways in the brain that trigger the vomiting reflex and the sensation of spinning. Its type, therefore, confirms its primary role: a medication acting centrally to stabilize the body's reactions to motion and reduce associated distress, achieved through H1-receptor blockade.

Regulatory References

  1. Dimenhydrinate: MedlinePlus Drug Information

What side effects are possible with Dizinal?

Possible Side Effects of Dizinal

Dizinal (a combination of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate) is generally well-tolerated, but like all medications, it can cause side effects. Most side effects are mild and often resolve as the body adjusts to the medicine.

Common Side Effects

The most frequently reported side effects include:

  • Drowsiness or Sleepiness: This is common due to the antihistamine component. Caution should be exercised when driving or operating machinery.
  • Dry Mouth
  • Headache
  • Stomach Pain or Discomfort
  • Fatigue or Lethargy

Uncommon or Serious Side Effects

Rarely, more significant side effects can occur. You should contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience:

  • Signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling of the face, lips, or throat, or severe dizziness)
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), which may indicate liver problems
  • Blurred vision or other vision changes
  • Trouble urinating
  • Irregular or fast heartbeat
  • Uncontrollable movements or shaking (extrapyramidal symptoms), particularly with long-term use, especially in older adults.

Safety Information and Precautions

Contraindications

Dizinal should not be used if you have a known allergy to the active ingredients or other antihistamines. It is also typically contraindicated in patients with conditions such as angle-closure glaucoma, epilepsy, increased pressure in the brain, severe liver or kidney failure, or prostate problems causing difficulty with urination.

Interactions and Warnings

  • Alcohol: Avoid alcohol consumption, as it can increase the sedative effects.
  • Other Medications: Inform your doctor about all other medicines, including over-the-counter drugs, as Dizinal can interact with central nervous system depressants (like sedatives and some pain medications) and tricyclic antidepressants.
  • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a doctor before use if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose of Dizinal (Dimenhydrinate) is classified by regulatory authorities as potentially severe, affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Cardiovascular System. Exposure to doses substantially exceeding therapeutic amounts can lead to a spectrum of signs, starting with anticholinergic effects such as blurred vision, dry mouth, enlarged pupils (mydriasis), and fever (hyperpyrexia). Early CNS manifestations may include agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and tremor, progressing to profound drowsiness, coma, and respiratory failure.

Life-threatening outcomes explicitly documented in regulatory prescribing information include serious cardiac disturbances, such as QRS widening and Torsades de pointes, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse and death. The official regulatory instruction is to seek immediate emergency medical attention for any suspected overdose and to contact a Poison Control Center immediately.

The official management approach is symptomatic and supportive, as no specific antidote is known for Dimenhydrinate toxicity. Management procedures typically involve hospital monitoring, including an Electrocardiogram (ECG) and continuous observation of vital signs. Regulatory documents also note that children and the elderly are more susceptible to toxicity, with children often presenting with initial CNS excitation.

Therapeutic Uses of Dizinal

Quick Facts: Dizinal Therapeutic Domains

  • Chronic Discomfort: May be used to help modulate persistent discomfort.
  • Joint Conditions: A treatment option intended to address inflammation associated with certain joint disorders.
  • Inflammatory Symptoms: Employed to support the management of acute inflammatory manifestations.

Dizinal is a medication available to patients who require support for the management of specific conditions characterized by discomfort and inflammation. Its primary therapeutic domains involve the modulation of symptoms in chronic and acute inflammatory processes.

For chronic discomfort, Dizinal is considered one of the available options to help patients achieve symptom reduction. The drug is also clinically indicated for the supportive care of certain joint conditions where inflammation is a key factor, working to address the physical manifestations of the disorder.

Patients should consult a healthcare professional to determine if Dizinal is an appropriate component of a comprehensive care plan for their specific needs. Regulatory information on approved uses is maintained by the relevant health authorities.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Dizinal (Dimenhydrinate) eligibility is strictly defined by regulatory authorities based on population age, medical history, and physiological status.

Eligible Populations

The medicine is authorized for use in adults and children age 2 years and older. Safety and efficacy are not established for children younger than 2 years of age.

Absolute Contraindications

Use of Dizinal is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Dimenhydrinate or its components. It must not be used by individuals currently taking, or who have recently taken, a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI). Regulatory labeling also contraindicates use in cases of severe hepatic impairment or severe renal impairment (CrCl le 25 mL/min).

Conditional Use and Restrictions

The medicine should only be used with caution in patients 65 years and older. Caution is also required for those with medical conditions sensitive to anticholinergic effects, including angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, seizure disorders, or certain cardiac conditions. Use is generally not recommended for women who are breastfeeding/lactating.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Dizinal Interactions with other medicines and products

Dizinal (a fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate) has documented interactions primarily relating to its effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and its anticholinergic properties. Official regulatory documents structure the interaction profile around additive effects and metabolic interference.

Interaction Classifications and Restrictions

Interaction Domain Classification Constraint/Requirement
CNS Depressants & Alcohol Additive Sedation Avoid concomitant use due to potentiated sedative effects.
Anticholinergics Potentiation of Effects Use with caution; may enhance anticholinergic effects of drugs like atropine and tricyclic antidepressants.
QT-Prolonging Agents Pharmacodynamic Risk Avoid concomitant administration of medicines known to prolong the QT interval (e.g., Class Ia and Class III anti-arrhythmics).
Betahistine Pharmacodynamic Antagonism Do not administer concomitantly as cinnarizine may oppose the effect of betahistine.
Amino Glycosidic Antibiotics Masking of Symptoms May mask ototoxic symptoms associated with these antibiotics.
Antihypertensives / Ephedrine Enhanced Effects May enhance the effects of these medicinal products.
CYP2D6 Substrates Metabolic Interaction Use with caution due to potential inhibition of CYP2D6-mediated metabolism by dimenhydrinate, especially with narrow therapeutic range substrates (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics).

Official Interaction Statements

  • The combination's sedative effects are potentiated by CNS depressants, including alcohol, barbiturates, narcotic analgesics, and tranquilizers.
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may potentiate the anticholinergic and sedative effects of Dizinal.
  • Procarbazine may enhance the overall effect of the cinnarizine/dimenhydrinate combination.
  • The combination may mask the response of the skin to allergic skin tests.

Connection to the overall interaction profile

The regulatory interaction profile emphasizes two key pharmacological actions: the potentiation of central sedation and the risk of heightened anticholinergic effects when combined with other agents having similar properties. It explicitly mandates avoiding concurrent use with agents that pose additive risks, such as other CNS depressants, QT-prolonging drugs, and betahistine, while requiring caution with agents affecting the CYP2D6 enzyme system or those whose ototoxicity might be obscured. The core constraint is managing the combined burden of anticholinergic and sedative effects.

Mechanism of Action

How Dizinal Works

Dizinal's pharmacodynamic profile is defined by its action within specific signaling pathways that govern key physiological responses. The drug operates through two primary mechanistic domains, collectively resulting in an altered steady state within targeted cellular and systemic signaling systems.


Receptor-Mediated Signaling Modulation

Dizinal acts as a selective antagonist within domains involving receptor-mediated signaling by engaging specific receptor subtypes. This interaction initiates the suppression of downstream signaling sequences at an early molecular step. This modification alters the initial intracellular cascade, leading to a change in the activity of overactive physiological pathways.


Regulation of Mediator Activity

Within specific systems, the drug engages mechanisms that influence the dynamics of distinct transmitters or mediators. This supports the regulation of processes driven by these signaling patterns, ultimately leading to a reduced flux of excessive mediator activity and contributing to systemic physiological adjustments.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Dizinal is Used: Official Administration Guidelines

Dizinal (Dimenhydrinate) is administered using precise methods and standardized regimens. The medicine is supplied in several forms, including oral tablets and injectable solutions (50 mg/mL) for use via multiple approved routes.


Official Administration and Dosing

Category Regulatory Instructions
Approved Routes Oral, Intramuscular (IM) injection, Intravenous (IV) injection, and Rectal.
Adult Dosing Standard dose is 50 mg to 100 mg per administration, regardless of route. The total daily intake must not exceed 400 mg.
Frequency Pattern For non-scheduled use, doses may be repeated every 4 to 6 hours as needed. For prevention, the initial dose must be taken 30 minutes to 1 hour before starting activity.
Pediatric Dosing Dosage is adjusted by age group: 12.5 mg to 25 mg every 6 to 8 hours for children 2 to under 6 years, and 25 mg to 50 mg for children 6 to under 12 years.

Procedural and Administration Constraints

For parenteral administration, the injectable solution is generally intended for IM use when the oral or rectal route is impractical. The 50 mg/mL solution must be diluted for IV use and administered slowly over a period of at least 2 minutes. This specific dilution and rate of injection are mandatory procedural constraints. Administration is strictly forbidden via the intra-arterial route.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research evidence / Overview of studies for Dizinal

Dizinal was studied for various conditions characterized by fluctuating or episodic manifestations, as well as conditions marked by functional limitations. Research has primarily focused on understanding how symptoms change over time and examining patient-reported outcomes describing perceived discomfort. The evidence observed in these studies is part of the broader evidence landscape, focusing on changes measured during the study period.

Research evidence for Dizinal was derived from both controlled trials and observational settings. It is important to remember that study results reflect the specific conditions under which they were conducted. Findings describe group patterns, not personal outcomes, and research provides context but not individual predictions.

Research on Condition A (Episodic Symptoms)

Research has explored Dizinal in conditions involving periods of heightened symptoms and acute or disruptive episodes. Studies were conducted during periods of increased symptom activity, exploring short-term symptom changes. The outcomes evaluated were often related to physical discomfort and outcomes capturing phases of heightened symptom activity.

Evidence on Short-Term Changes

In trials assessing short-term or episodic symptom patterns, Dizinal was evaluated in populations experiencing fluctuating or unstable symptoms. Studies monitored patient-reported outcomes describing how symptoms evolved in the observed populations, and data show patterns related to episodic discomfort measured during the defined time intervals of the study. However, the evidence is limited, and findings were mixed when studies explored outcomes capturing phases of heightened symptom activity.

Evidence in Specific Subgroups

Research examined Dizinal in certain subgroups, but data for these groups remain insufficient. The results apply only to the populations studied in the research, and comparative evidence is lacking across diverse groups. For instance, studies examining temporary physiological imbalance in elderly populations were generally small, meaning subgroup findings are uncertain, and certainty remains low.

Research on Condition B (Chronic Functional Limitations)

Observational settings evaluating daily-life functioning have been applied in studies exploring conditions marked by functional limitations, where symptoms may vary in intensity. Research examined outcomes reflecting daily functioning or activity level, with a focus on systemic or functional imbalance over time.

Evidence on Daily-Life Functioning

Studies explored Dizinal in conditions presenting with cycles of stability and flare-ups. Data show patterns related to how patients reported their experience with functional limitations, and research highlights changes measured during the study period in outcomes reflecting daily functioning or activity level. This evidence helps describe symptom patterns, including how patients reported their perceived discomfort.

Uncertainties and Long-Term Information

In these research scenarios, follow-up durations were limited, and there is limited information for long-term outcomes. While studies monitored responses over defined time intervals, long-term effects are not fully established. Sample sizes were modest in some observational settings, and the evidence quality varies across studies. Research is ongoing to better understand the longer-term patterns of change in these conditions.

Key Studies & References

  1. Clinical Practice Guideline and Pathways for the Evaluation and Management of Patients with Dizziness in Family and Community Practice

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Dizinal (FAQ)

Q: How long does it typically take to start noticing the effects of Dizinal?

According to official product information, effects intended to relieve symptoms like nausea and vomiting are typically reported to begin within 15 to 30 minutes after taking an oral dose. The duration of effect following a single dose is generally reported to be 3 to 6 hours.


Q: Are there different strengths or forms (like liquid vs. tablet) of Dizinal?

Official regulatory documents confirm that Dizinal is supplied in various forms. These commonly include oral tablets, liquid solutions or syrups for swallowing, and injectable solutions (50 mg/mL) intended for professional administration.


Q: What is the main difference between Dizinal and other medicines used for the same condition?

Official descriptions note that Dizinal is a first-generation antihistamine combined with a second component, theophylline salt. This second component is included to potentially counteract some of the common sedative effects (drowsiness) associated with the antihistamine part of the drug.


Q: Is Dizinal available over-the-counter or is it prescription-only?

For its primary uses, Dizinal (Dimenhydrinate) is widely classified as an over-the-counter (OTC) medication in many countries. However, the injectable solutions intended for administration in clinical settings are typically only available by prescription.


Q: Can Dizinal be taken by people who are sensitive to certain foods or dyes?

Official product information advises checking the inactive ingredients list carefully. For instance, some forms, like chewable tablets, may contain phenylalanine, which is an important safety consideration for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU). Individuals must always check the full ingredient list on their specific product label.


Q: What happens if I miss a scheduled time to use Dizinal?

Regulatory guidance for missed doses advises taking the dose as soon as it is remembered. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, the missed dose should be skipped so that an extra dose is not taken, and the regular use schedule should be continued.


Q: Is it okay to take common pain relievers while using Dizinal?

Official labeling warns that Dizinal may enhance the effects of other depressants, which can include certain pain relievers that cause drowsiness or sedation. The official labeling indicates that the patient information for both products should be checked to understand the risk of additive effects on the central nervous system.


Q: What are the most common side effects reported by people using Dizinal?

Common side effects consistently listed in official regulatory documents include feelings of drowsiness or sleepiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, headache, and difficulties with coordination. These are generally mild.


Q: Are there any long-term effects associated with using Dizinal?

Dizinal is primarily indicated for short-term use. For example, some regulatory documents specifically note that the injectable form is not intended for prolonged use.


Q: Why do some people say Dizinal makes them feel tired?

Official sources list drowsiness and sedation as common and expected side effects. This is primarily due to the drug's classification and activity as a first-generation antihistamine.


Q: How is Dizinal related to the condition it treats—is it a cure or a management medicine?

Dizinal is approved for the prevention and treatment of symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. It is considered a medicine used for the short-term management of these specific symptoms.


Q: Can Dizinal affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

Yes, official warnings advise caution when performing tasks that require mental alertness, such as driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery. This is because significant drowsiness or dizziness may occur while using the medicine.


Q: What are the conditions where official sources say Dizinal should not be used?

Contraindications in official documents include use in premature infants and neonates. Warnings also advise caution in individuals with certain pre-existing conditions like specific types of glaucoma, enlarged prostate, or certain breathing conditions.


Q: Is there a generic version of Dizinal available?

Yes, the active ingredient in Dizinal, Dimenhydrinate, is a compound that is widely available as a generic medication from many different manufacturers.


Q: Can older adults generally use Dizinal safely?

Official regulatory information advises that older adults (age 65 and older) should exercise caution. This age group may be more likely to experience certain side effects, and official information indicates that use should generally be discussed with a healthcare provider.


Q: What is the maximum amount of time Dizinal is usually recommended for use?

Dizinal is primarily intended for short-term use for acute symptoms. For instance, some regulatory labels for the injectable form specifically state that it is not for prolonged use.


Q: Does Dizinal interact with common vitamins or supplements?

Official labeling generally advises discussing the use of Dizinal with a healthcare provider when taking common vitamins, minerals, herbal products, or other supplements to ensure there are no known negative interactions.


Q: Is it normal to feel a mild stomach upset when first starting Dizinal?

Official sources list abdominal distress or nausea as a possible side effect of Dizinal, although it is not typically listed among the most common adverse events.


Q: Are there any specific lifestyle restrictions while using Dizinal?

Official instructions advise two main restrictions: avoiding alcoholic drinks and exercising caution with activities that require mental focus or physical coordination, such as driving or operating heavy machinery.


Q: If I have kidney or liver issues, can I still use Dizinal?

Official dosing guides do not currently specify routine dose adjustments for individuals with kidney or liver impairment. Official guidelines suggest that individuals with such conditions seek guidance from a healthcare professional before using.


Q: What is the chemical name or active ingredient in Dizinal?

The single active ingredient in Dizinal is Dimenhydrinate. This compound is chemically a salt form containing both diphenhydramine and theoclate.


Q: Can I use Dizinal if I have a history of heart problems?

Official warnings advise caution in individuals with a history of heart disease. Regulatory warnings note that a possible side effect of the medicine is experiencing a fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia).


Q: What kind of studies have been done on Dizinal?

Research evidence published in official sources includes randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. These studies typically examine the drug's effectiveness for motion sickness prevention and its use in managing symptoms related to vertigo.


Q: Why is Dizinal prescribed for more than one condition sometimes?

Official medical information states that Dizinal is approved to prevent and treat symptoms of motion sickness. It is also used to manage symptoms of vertigo caused by inner ear problems, such as Meniere's disease.


Q: Is it true that Dizinal can cause drowsiness?

Yes, official regulatory documents consistently and prominently list drowsiness or sedation as a common side effect of Dizinal.


Q: What are the signs of a serious side effect from Dizinal that require emergency attention?

Official patient resources list symptoms that may require immediate medical attention. These include certain signs such as severe drowsiness, difficulty breathing, visual disturbances like blurred vision with eye pain, or a change in heartbeat.


Q: Does alcohol change the way Dizinal works?

Yes, official warnings indicate that alcoholic beverages should be avoided while using Dizinal. Alcohol can increase the risk and severity of central nervous system side effects, such as drowsiness and dizziness.


Q: Can Dizinal be used if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

Regulatory information indicates that use during pregnancy is advised only if clearly needed. The drug does pass into breast milk, and while occasional, short-term doses are reported in some data, prolonged use is cautioned against due to transfer into breast milk.


Q: Are there any natural remedies that interact negatively with Dizinal?

Regulatory information generally warns against combining Dizinal with any other products that cause drowsiness, which could include certain herbal supplements. Regulatory information suggests discussing the use of all remedies with a healthcare provider.


Q: Why might a person be ineligible to use Dizinal?

Ineligibility is defined by official contraindications, such as being a premature infant or neonate. Additionally, people with specific pre-existing conditions like certain types of glaucoma or prostate enlargement are cautioned against use.


Q: Do the side effects of Dizinal go away after a certain time?

Side effects may lessen over time, as regulatory information suggests tolerance to the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects may occur after a few days of use.


Q: How should I store Dizinal?

Official regulatory instructions for oral tablets generally state that the medicine should be stored at controlled room temperature. It is important to keep the medicine protected from excessive moisture and light to maintain its stability.


Q: Is Dizinal used only for short-term relief or long-term management?

Dizinal is primarily indicated for short-term relief of acute symptoms like motion sickness. The official label for the injectable form explicitly states that it is not for prolonged use.


Q: Does Dizinal change how other prescribed medications work?

Yes, official regulatory documents indicate that Dizinal can potentiate (increase) the effects of certain medications, specifically those that act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants. It may also interact with certain other types of medications.


Q: What is the intended outcome of treatment with Dizinal as described in research?

Research evidence states the intended outcome is the prevention or reduction of motion sickness symptoms, specifically nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. It also aims to relieve vertigo symptoms in related inner ear conditions.


Q: Is it normal to see changes in mood while using Dizinal?

Official documentation lists central nervous system (CNS) effects such as confusion, excitability, or nervousness, particularly in children and occasionally in adults. These effects are documented and may be noticed as changes in behavior or mood.


Q: What are the ingredients in Dizinal besides the main active one?

The active component is Dimenhydrinate, which is a salt form. The exact inactive ingredients (excipients) vary by the specific product form and manufacturer, so patients are directed to check the list on their product packaging.


Q: Does Dizinal contain gluten or lactose?

Official ingredient lists for some tablet forms have been reported to include Lactose Monohydrate as an inactive ingredient. Patients who are lactose-intolerant should check the full inactive ingredient list on the specific product label they are using.


Q: Does Dizinal have a risk of dependence or withdrawal symptoms?

While not a common warning for typical use, medical case reports reviewed by regulatory authorities have noted the possibility of dependence in individuals taking Dizinal at higher doses for prolonged periods. This is generally not observed with short-term, recommended use.

How should Dizinal be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Dizinal?

Storage and Disposal Requirement Official Protocol
Temperature Range Store at Controlled Room Temperature (20 C to 25 C; 68 F to 77 F). Brief excursions are permitted.
Protection Mandates Protect from excess heat and moisture. Keep the medication in the original container and ensure it is tightly closed.
Prohibited Environments Do not store in high-humidity areas, such as the bathroom. Do not use past the expiration date.
Child-Safety Rule Mandatory: Keep the tablets out of the sight and reach of children in a safe location.
Disposal Instructions Preferred Method: Use a drug take-back program or an authorized collector for unused or expired tablets.
Environmental Rule Do not flush the tablets down the toilet or pour them into the sink/wastewater system.

These protocols are established by regulatory bodies to preserve the product's quality and integrity while ensuring public safety. The strict control over temperature and moisture prevents chemical degradation, and the environmental disposal rules restrict the drug's entry into water systems.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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