Delagil

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Delagil

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Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Delagil

What is Delagil? (Chloroquine Phosphate)

Property Description
Active ingredient Chloroquine (as Chloroquine phosphate)
Form Tablet (Oral), Solution for injection (Parenteral)
Pharmacological class 4-aminoquinoline derivative, Antimalarial drug, DMARD
Common use Malaria treatment/prophylaxis, Autoimmune diseases
Origin Synthetic compound

What Type of Medicine is Delagil? (Identity and Classification)

Delagil is a prescription-only medicine containing the active ingredient Chloroquine, which belongs to the chemically established 4-aminoquinoline derivative class. The drug is clinically recognized for its systemic action, leading to its formal classification as both a potent Antimalarial drug and a Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Pharmacological studies have supported this dual utility, confirming its ability to influence both parasite survival and the human Immune response. As a brand, Delagil is a specific commercial formulation of the generic Chloroquine phosphate, often produced by manufacturers like Alkaloid.

Composition and Available Forms of Delagil (Structure and Composition)

The single active ingredient in Delagil is Chloroquine, typically formulated as Chloroquine phosphate, confirming its status as a single-ingredient product. The medication is engineered for effective systemic delivery and is available in two primary Dosage form(s): a solid oral Tablet and a sterile Solution for injection intended for parenteral Route of administration. The availability of both the oral and injectable preparations ensures flexibility in clinical use scenarios. Research into its application in autoimmune disorders noted that its stable chemical structure allows it to accumulate effectively within cells, which is central to its therapeutic mechanism against long-term inflammatory disease activity.

General Therapeutic Purpose of Chloroquine (High-Level Function)

The general therapeutic purpose of the Chloroquine in Delagil is defined by its ability to act as an Anti-inflammatory agent and an anti-parasitic. This compound is used in the context of treating and preventing Malaria by functioning as an erythrocytic stage schizontocide, which interrupts the life cycle of the parasite in the blood. For Autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, it helps manage disease progression by modulating the body's overactive Immune response.

What side effects are possible with Delagil?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information: Delagil (Chloroquine)

The official safety profile for Delagil (Chloroquine) is structured around adverse reactions categorized by frequency and the body system affected, based on regulatory documentation.

Adverse Reaction Classifications

Category Examples (Officially Documented)
Common Effects Gastrointestinal disorders ( nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps), headache, and pruritus (itching).
Serious Adverse Reactions Irreversible retinal damage ( retinopathy), cardiomyopathy, convulsions, severe hypoglycemia, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions ( SJS, TEN).

Key System-Organ Classes and Safety Patterns

The most significant safety focus in regulatory labeling concerns the Eye disorders and Cardiac disorders. Specifically, the risk of irreversible retinal damage is explicitly associated with prolonged use and reaching a high cumulative dose of the medicine. Cardiac toxicity, including cardiomyopathy and QT prolongation, is also documented, particularly with long-term or high-dose therapy.

Population-Specific Safety Notes

The prescribing information notes specific safety considerations for certain patient groups. Individuals with G6PD deficiency may face a risk of hemolysis ( haemolytic anemia). Official documents also mention the risk of exacerbating existing conditions such as Psoriasis and Porphyria. Furthermore, high-level constraints define that the medicine is contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing retinal or visual field changes attributable to 4-aminoquinoline compounds. These classifications structure the understanding of the medicine's risk profile.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help

Acute overdose with Delagil (Chloroquine) is documented in regulatory sources as a potentially rapidly fatal event, primarily defined by its severe cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.


When to Seek Urgent Help

Immediate medical attention must be sought for any suspected overdose due to the risk of life-threatening events, including cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and rapid deterioration of consciousness. Official guidance mandates contacting a poison center or a medical toxicologist for specific overdosage management recommendations.


Documented Manifestations and Risks

Overdose manifestations may include convulsions (seizures), coma, generalized CNS depression, severe hypotension, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Official prescribing information also documents the risk of QRS complex prolongation and severe hypokalemia, which require continuous cardiac monitoring and specific management. Children are especially sensitive to the toxic effects of Chloroquine; fatalities have been reported following the accidental ingestion of even relatively small doses.


Official Management Profile

No specific antidote is known for Chloroquine toxicity. Management is strictly symptomatic and supportive. Procedures may include gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal and considering intubation if the level of consciousness rapidly deteriorates. Furthermore, hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are officially stated as not being of benefit in the management of this overdose.

Therapeutic Uses of Delagil

The therapeutic use of Delagil (Chloroquine) is generally applied across two main areas: addressing parasitic infections and managing chronic inflammatory conditions. The medicine is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed.

Core Therapeutic Areas

This medication is relevant for easing symptoms related to inflammatory states, particularly those associated with chronic conditions like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). It is also used for the treatment and prevention of Malaria (due to susceptible strains) and for addressing extraintestinal amebiasis (amoebic liver abscess).

For patients managing long-term symptoms, this support assists with symptomatic management in conditions where functional stability may be affected. The focus is often on easing the symptomatic burden of noticeable physiological strain, such as joint pain and swelling.

“This medication is commonly used across conditions presenting with acute episodes and helps to address symptoms that may become intense or disruptive.”

For acute parasitic episodes, the application provides supportive relief for symptoms that may interfere with routine activities and contributes to easing the overall symptom load during acute phases.


Quick Fact: Symptomatic Support for Joint Pain and Fever

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility and Contraindications for Delagil (Chloroquine Phosphate)

Official regulatory guidelines strictly define the populations eligible to use Delagil.

Category Regulatory Status
Absolute Contraindications Must not be used by patients with pre-existing retinal or visual field changes or a known hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinoline compounds. It is also contraindicated for the treatment of complicated malaria (e.g., cerebral malaria).
Age-Group Use Approved for adults for all labeled indications. Approved for infants and children for malaria treatment and prophylaxis. Use with caution is advised for older adults due to a higher likelihood of decreased renal function.
Conditional Use Use with caution is required for patients with impaired renal function, hepatic disease, alcoholism, cardiac disease (risk of QT prolongation), G-6-PD deficiency, and a history of seizures.
Comorbidity Restrictions Use should be avoided in patients with psoriasis or porphyria unless the potential benefit outweighs the risk of exacerbation.
Pregnancy/Lactation Should be avoided during pregnancy unless treating malaria where the benefit outweighs the fetal risk. While excreted in breast milk, the amount is insufficient to protect the infant from malaria, requiring separate prophylaxis.

These constraints establish which patient groups are permitted, restricted, or prohibited from using the medication based on official regulatory assessments of risk.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

The official regulatory profile for Delagil identifies several crucial drug-drug and drug-substance interactions.

Interaction Classifications

Classification Official Regulatory Statement
Contraindicated Combinations The co-administration of highly arrhythmogenic agents like Amiodarone or Halofantrine is contraindicated due to the documented, severe risk of ventricular arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation. Use with other QT-prolonging medicines also requires caution.
Pharmacokinetic Interference Cimetidine inhibits the metabolism of Delagil, which results in a documented increase in its plasma concentration; concomitant use should be avoided. Conversely, Antacids (including kaolin) reduce the absorption of Delagil. Delagil has also been shown to reduce the bioavailability of oral Ampicillin and Praziquantel.
Exposure Monitoring Required Co-administration may lead to increased serum levels of Cyclosporine and Digoxin, requiring close monitoring. The drug may also enhance the effects of antidiabetic medication, potentially requiring a dose adjustment.

Administration Constraints

Interactions resulting in reduced efficacy necessitate specific administration timing rules:

  • Antacids and Kaolin: An interval of at least 4 hours must separate the intake of these agents and Delagil.
  • Oral Ampicillin: An interval of at least two hours between Ampicillin and Delagil doses should be observed.

The risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function, as the drug is substantially excreted by the kidney.

Mechanism of Action

Targeting Parasitic Toxin Neutralization

The mechanism of action involving parasitic toxin neutralization is initiated by the drug’s concentration within the acidic food vacuole of the intraerythrocytic parasite. Here, the drug binds directly to heme (ferriprotoporphyrin IX), a toxic byproduct of the parasite's digestion of hemoglobin. This interaction inhibits the parasite's ability to convert heme into the inert pigment hemozoin. The resulting buildup of a highly cytotoxic Chloroquine-Heme complex disrupts parasite membranes and vital functions, culminating in parasite lysis and preventing the maturation of the parasite's erythrocytic stage.


Immune System Modulation via Lysosomal pH

The drug is a lysosomotropic agent, meaning it acts as a weak base that accumulates within and raises the pH (alkalinizes) of acidic endosomes and lysosomes in host immune cells. This pH increase impairs the function of acid-dependent enzymes essential for antigen processing and reduces the efficiency of MHC Class II molecule loading. This upstream interference with key steps of the adaptive immune response results in a reduced frequency of T-cell and B-cell activation.


Blocking Innate Inflammatory Signals (TLRs)

The pH modulation simultaneously interferes with the function of innate immune sensors, particularly Toll-like Receptors ( TLR7 and TLR9) that recognize nucleic acids and are located on endosomal membranes. By disrupting the required acidic environment, the drug prevents TLR activation, which limits the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-alpha and Interferons, contributing to a systemic reduction in the output of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Dosage and Administration Information

Delagil (Chloroquine) is a prescription medicine administered via the oral route as a tablet for routine use, or via the parenteral route (intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection) in specific, acute scenarios where the oral form is unsuitable. Official dosage instructions are standardized by the equivalent Chloroquine base, not the phosphate salt; for instance, the 250 mg phosphate salt tablet contains 150 mg of the active base.

Administration Protocols

The required dose and schedule are strictly defined by the condition being addressed. For malaria prophylaxis (prevention), the standard adult regimen is a single 300 mg base dose taken once weekly, continuing for several weeks after departure from an endemic area. In contrast, the treatment of an acute malaria attack follows a rapid 3-day split-dose course, requiring a higher initial loading dose followed by set maintenance doses. For chronic inflammatory conditions, such as certain rheumatological disorders, a long-term daily maintenance dose (typically 150 mg base) is employed.

Contextual Instructions

Procedural requirements must be followed for proper use. The oral tablet must be taken with or immediately after food to improve tolerability. The medication must also be administered at least 4 hours apart from antacids (e.g., those containing aluminum or magnesium) to prevent reduced absorption. For pediatric patients, the dose must be calculated precisely by body weight (mg base/kg) and should not exceed the adult maximum. Caution and monitoring are advised for patients with hepatic or renal impairment.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Delagil

Evidence for Use in Malaria (Prophylaxis and Treatment Contexts)

Research has long examined the study of malaria in both prophylactic and therapeutic research contexts. Studies conducted globally have explored the measurement of parasite clearance from the bloodstream and infection prevention. Early trials and widespread use showed patterns related to the study of infection prevention. Evidence derived from settings with varying symptom burdens has been used to describe how the drug's application was observed in these scenarios.

Findings describe patterns observed in these studies. Research highlights the need to account for changing resistance profiles over time, indicating the need for ongoing evaluation of older evidence against current data. Continuous monitoring research is necessary because data are still emerging as resistance patterns evolve across different geographic regions.

Evidence for Use in Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Delagil was observed in studies for conditions characterized by fluctuating or episodic manifestations, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies monitored outcomes linked to inflammatory or irritative states and outcomes related to systemic or functional imbalance. Research exploring short-term symptom changes provided insight into how patients reported their perceived discomfort during periods of heightened symptom activity.

Studies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Studies in SLE have explored its observation over extended periods in research subjects with this condition. Findings describe patterns observed in populations where researchers were monitoring outcomes capturing phases of heightened symptom activity. Studies relying on observational data may face challenges in isolating specific findings from other influencing factors.

Studies in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

For rheumatoid arthritis, research has explored the evaluation of Delagil over defined time intervals. These trials monitored outcomes reflecting daily functioning, and research highlights changes measured during the study period concerning joint symptoms. However, evidence quality varies across studies, and findings varied across different populations and research durations.

What is Still Uncertain About Delagil Research

Research describes what has been studied and what remains unclear about this compound. The evidence landscape for Delagil is vast and spans many decades, meaning that evidence quality varies across studies, especially older ones. Comparative evidence is lacking for some indications. Research is ongoing with the goal of further understanding the gaps, especially regarding certain patient groups and the understanding of long-term outcomes in chronic inflammatory conditions.

Key Studies & References

  1. Chloroquine (NIH StatPearls)
  2. Chloroquine: An Old Drug with New Tricks? (PubMed Central Review)
  3. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Delagil (FAQ)


Q: How long does it typically take before Delagil might start having an effect?

The time it takes for Delagil to have an effect depends on its purpose. For the treatment of acute malaria, official dosing schedules are designed to work quickly, often over a few days. For long-term use in chronic inflammatory conditions, therapeutic effects usually take much longer to become apparent, often requiring several weeks to months.


Q: Does Delagil interact with antacids?

Yes, regulatory documents describe that antacids, especially those containing aluminum or magnesium, can interfere with Delagil. Regulatory documents describe that antacids can reduce the amount of Delagil absorbed. Administration guidelines state a separation of at least 4 hours must be observed between the intake of these products and Delagil.


Q: What happens if I stop using Delagil suddenly?

If the medicine is being used for malaria prevention (prophylaxis), stopping it too soon may lead to a failure in preventing the infection. For its use in chronic conditions, the medication is part of long-term disease management. Questions regarding stopping or changing a regimen are best directed to a healthcare professional.


Q: What is the risk of dependence or addiction with Delagil?

Official safety documents do not classify or list Delagil as a medicine with a known potential for dependence or addiction. The adverse reactions documented for the drug focus on physical and central nervous system effects, not addictive properties.


Q: Can Delagil cause skin sensitivity to sunlight?

Yes, the official safety profile documents that Delagil can cause increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, a condition known as photosensitivity. Other documented skin issues include redness or discoloration. The official safety profile documents photosensitivity, which is an increased sensitivity to sunlight.


Q: How do doctors monitor the effectiveness of Delagil treatment?

For acute infections like malaria, effectiveness is typically monitored by checking for parasite clearance in the blood. For long-term use in chronic conditions, monitoring involves assessing changes in symptoms and disease activity. Given the documented risk to the eyes, periodic ocular (eye) exams are an important part of monitoring long-term therapy.


Q: Is Delagil considered a first-line treatment for its primary use?

For the treatment of certain types of chloroquine-sensitive malaria, official sources describe it as an established therapy. When used for autoimmune diseases, it is classified as a Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD).


Q: Is Delagil available in different strengths or formulations?

Yes, Delagil is officially available in two main forms: a solid tablet for use by mouth and a solution for injection for parenteral use. The tablets are typically documented in various strengths of the phosphate salt.


Q: Is Delagil safe to use for an extended period of time?

Official safety warnings describe that long-term use, such as in chronic conditions, is associated with a documented risk of irreversible retinal damage (retinopathy). This risk is related to the total amount of medication taken over time (the cumulative dose).


Q: Why do some people report feeling tired after starting Delagil?

Official regulatory documents list unusual tiredness or weakness as a documented side effect of the medication. This is a recognized adverse reaction that may be reported by some patients during therapy.


Q: Is it necessary to take Delagil at the exact same time every day?

In the context of malaria prevention (prophylaxis), administration is described as a dose taken once a week on the same day each week. This consistent timing is recommended to maintain stable levels in the body for prevention.


Q: Are there any specific foods or drinks that should be avoided while using Delagil?

Administration instructions state that the oral tablet must be taken with or immediately after food or milk to help with tolerability. Specific foods are not officially prohibited, but the medicine must be taken separately from antacids to prevent reduced absorption.


Q: Do older adults typically experience different side effects from Delagil compared to younger adults?

Official guidelines advise caution for older adults due to the higher chance of reduced kidney function, which can affect how the body removes the drug. The regulatory label highlights this need for caution based on the patient's existing health status, rather than a different side effect profile.


Q: What should I do if I accidentally miss a planned administration of Delagil?

Regulatory patient information describes the general guidance of taking a missed dose as soon as it is remembered. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, the instruction is generally to skip the missed dose and continue the regular schedule. Regulatory information advises against taking a double dose.


Q: Does Delagil affect the results of common lab tests?

Regulatory documents mention that Delagil may cause hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells) in patients with an enzyme deficiency called G6PD deficiency. For patients on long-term therapy, periodic blood cell counts may be required to monitor for potential changes.


Q: Are there generic versions of Delagil available?

Delagil is a specific brand name for the active ingredient chloroquine phosphate. The medication is widely available under its generic name, Chloroquine phosphate.


Q: How should Delagil be stored to maintain its effectiveness?

To help maintain the drug's effectiveness, official instructions require that it be stored at Controlled Room Temperature (typically 20 C to 25 C). It must be kept in a tight, light-resistant container and protected from excessive moisture and heat.


Q: Is it normal to have vivid dreams or sleep changes while on Delagil?

Official safety documents list trouble sleeping (insomnia) as a documented adverse reaction. Other documented effects on the central nervous system include confusion and the potential for hallucinations or other mental and mood changes.


Q: Does Delagil cause weight gain or weight loss?

The official safety profile for Delagil lists weight loss as a documented side effect. Weight gain is not listed in the official adverse reaction profile.


Q: What is the half-life of Delagil in the body?

Regulatory information from the Clinical Pharmacology section describes that the active compound has a very long elimination half-life. This means it stays in the body for an extended time, with the half-life reported to range from approximately 40 to 50 days following chronic administration.


Q: What is the difference between Delagil and its metabolite?

When the body processes Delagil, it is broken down into related substances called metabolites. One of the most significant of these is desethylchloroquine, which is described as having its own anti-parasitic properties.


Q: Does Delagil require a special prescription or monitoring program?

The drug is not generally described as requiring a special prescription program, but it does require specific ocular (eye) monitoring. For patients on long-term therapy, including those with chronic conditions, periodic eye examinations are necessary to monitor for early signs of potential irreversible retinal damage.


Q: Is Delagil used for pain management in any condition?

Delagil is approved for use in conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. These diseases involve inflammation and joint symptoms, but the drug is primarily classified as an anti-inflammatory DMARD (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug) rather than a primary pain reliever.


Q: Does Delagil affect mental clarity or concentration?

Official adverse reaction documents include documented central nervous system effects such as confusion and other mental/mood changes. These reported effects may impact a person's mental clarity or concentration.


Q: Is there a maximum time frame for safely using Delagil?

Official regulatory warnings do not define a specific cut-off date but strongly emphasize that the risk of irreversible retinal damage is associated with the cumulative dose and the overall duration of therapy (e.g., long-term use). This concern is a key consideration when assessing the duration of continuous use in chronic conditions.

How should Delagil be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Delagil (Chloroquine Phosphate)

The storage and disposal of Delagil must strictly follow the requirements defined by official regulatory labeling to maintain drug potency and ensure public safety.

Official Storage Conditions

Delagil should be stored at Controlled Room Temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F). The product must be kept in a tight, light-resistant container and protected from excess heat and moisture. It should not be stored in humid locations like a bathroom.

Child Safety and Handling

Due to the risks associated with accidental ingestion, the medication must be stored securely, out of the sight and reach of children, utilizing a child-resistant closure.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Delagil must be disposed of according to local, regional, and national hazardous waste regulations. The product must not be released into the environment or allowed to enter drains or water systems. Patients should consult a pharmacist or local authority regarding available drug take-back programs.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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