Clovertil

Quick links to important sections

Clovertil

Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Clovertil

Clomifene: Definition, Origin, and Pharmaceutical Class

Clovertil is a prescription medicine containing the active component Clomifene, or Clomiphene citrate, which is administered as an oral formulation in tablet form. The substance itself is a synthetic compound derived from triphenylethylene. It is classified as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). This classification identifies it as a nonsteroidal agent that interacts with the body's estrogen receptors. This formulation allows for oral administration, which is a primary feature for patients initiating treatment.

What is the General Therapeutic Purpose of Clovertil?

The primary purpose of Clovertil is to function as an ovulation stimulator, a therapeutic strategy used in reproductive medicine. The medication is specifically utilized for the treatment of ovulatory dysfunction in individuals who are seeking to conceive. The drug's role is to help initiate the release of a mature egg, or ovulation induction, in patients experiencing conditions such as anovulation or oligo-ovulation. It is a pharmaceutical approach used for restoring regular ovulatory function.

How Clovertil Works (A High-Level Concept)

Clomifene’s core mechanism involves modulating estrogen receptors within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. By binding to these central receptors, Clomifene reduces the inhibitory influence of endogenous estrogen, which leads the brain to perceive a lack of estrogen. This signal prompts the pituitary gland to increase the release of gonadotropins, specifically Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). This hormonal signal subsequently drives the ovaries to achieve follicular development and ovulation, without the direct introduction of external gonadotropin hormones.

Regulatory References

  1. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
  2. ovulatory dysfunction in individuals who are seeking to conceive
  3. ovulation induction

What side effects are possible with Clovertil?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

Adverse reactions associated with Clomifene citrate (Clovertil) are classified in official regulatory documents based on frequency and affected system-organ classes.

Official Adverse Reaction Categories

The regulatory profile documents that the most frequently reported adverse reactions are often mild and include hot flashes (flushing), headache, nausea, and abdominal/pelvic discomfort.

Key areas of safety concern in regulatory documents include:

  • Reproductive System: Reactions such as ovarian enlargement are commonly documented, reflecting the expected physiological response. The risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is listed as a serious adverse reaction.
  • Sensory System: Visual symptoms (e.g., blurred vision, scintillating scotomata, or flashes) are documented. These are noted to increase in incidence and severity with increasing total dose or duration of therapy.

Safety Constraints and Considerations

The official labeling includes specific constraints regarding pre-existing conditions and duration of use. The medication is officially contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing liver disease or those who are pregnant.

Furthermore, the label documents that the risk of ovarian cancer (borderline or invasive) is associated with prolonged use beyond six cycles or one year of therapy. Safety information also notes that the potential for multiple pregnancies is a known risk that must be considered.

These official safety classifications establish the boundaries for the medicine’s risk profile, focusing on the reproductive and visual systems, and restricting use based on specific patient health factors and duration of exposure.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Clovertil (Clomifene citrate) overdose is officially documented to present with specific clinical signs that necessitate immediate attention. Manifestations documented in regulatory labeling include nausea and vomiting, hot flushes, pelvic pain, and ovarian enlargement. A critical concern is the presence of visual disturbances, such as blurred vision, scotomata, or blind spots, which have been noted as potentially irreversible outcomes in overdose situations according to official prescribing information.

As documented by regulatory authorities, there is no known specific antidote for Clomifene overdose. Therefore, management is limited to symptomatic and supportive treatment, with procedures such as gastric lavage considered within the regulatory context of care.

Immediate emergency action is mandated in cases of suspected overdose. Individuals must seek immediate medical attention and contact the Poison Control Helpline. Urgent medical help must be sought by immediately calling emergency services if the person experiences severe, life-threatening symptoms, including trouble breathing, collapse, seizure, or being unable to be awakened. The official guidance underscores the need for continuous clinical monitoring to manage severe symptoms effectively.

Therapeutic Uses of Clovertil

What Clovertil Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Clovertil is commonly used to help with acute, temporary symptomatic challenges, applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed by the patient. It is applied in addressing symptoms related to heightened physiological activity and those that may become more disruptive during flare-ups.

This medication is considered relevant for helping manage symptoms associated with conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms, episodic or fluctuating manifestations, and acute or disruptive episodes. Clovertil assists in addressing symptom clusters that may become intense or disruptive, and may provide support that helps ease the overall symptom burden during periods of acute discomfort. It contributes to easing discomfort during these phases, making it relevant in scenarios where symptoms escalate temporarily.

The supportive action of Clovertil is generally relevant in clinical settings that involve acute or unstable symptom patterns, when short-term symptomatic assistance is needed, or during phases of increased distress. “It assists with maintaining functional stability when symptoms are more noticeable and temporarily overwhelming.”


Quick Fact: Support for Acute Discomfort


Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus overview of Clomiphene

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Official Eligibility and Contraindications

Clovertil (Clomifene citrate) is officially intended for adult women who are experiencing anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory infertility and are seeking to achieve pregnancy. Its use is strictly defined by regulatory guidelines that establish explicit eligibility and non-eligibility rules.

Absolute Contraindications (Must Not Use)

The medicine is contraindicated and must not be used by individuals with the following official regulatory-listed conditions:

  • Pregnancy (Clovertil is not for use in pregnant patients, and pregnancy must be ruled out before each treatment course).
  • Liver disease or a documented history of hepatic dysfunction.
  • Ovarian cysts or enlargement that is not due to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
  • Undetermined abnormal uterine bleeding (neoplastic lesions must be excluded).
  • Organic intracranial lesions, such as a pituitary tumor, or uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction.

Conditional Use and Population Restrictions

  • Age: Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric or geriatric populations. Use is restricted to adults.
  • Caution: Special care or conditional use is advised in official labeling for patients with uterine fibroids or endometriosis. For patients with PCOS, regulatory documents recommend special monitoring due to heightened risk of ovarian hyperstimulation.
  • Lactation: Use during breastfeeding requires caution, as Clomifene may potentially reduce or inhibit lactation.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with Other Medicinal Products

The regulatory profile for Clovertil focuses on specific pharmacodynamic interactions and prohibitions. The co-administration of Clovertil and Ospemifene is officially classified as a contraindicated combination. This restriction is based on documented pharmacodynamic synergism between the two agents, which may lead to an enhanced effect. A potential risk of hypotension is noted when Clovertil is co-administered with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as Benazepril, due to a documented synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction. The official labeling is sparse regarding explicit CYP enzyme or drug transporter-mediated interactions, and no mandatory timing-separation rules are specified for co-administration. Furthermore, the regulatory documents do not formally specify interactions with food, alcohol, or herbal products.

Population-Specific Interaction Notes

The use of Clovertil is strictly contraindicated in patients with pre-existing liver disease or a history of hepatic dysfunction. This restriction is due to an interaction of the drug with impaired physiological clearance, as affected hepatic metabolism leads to a documented increased serum concentration and prolonged exposure. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing or a family history of hyperlipidemia are associated with an officially documented elevated risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia. The regulatory text requires specific periodic monitoring of plasma triglycerides in this population due to this heightened metabolic risk.

Mechanism of Action

How Clovertil Works: Mechanism of Action

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulation (SERM)

Clovertil functions as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator. Its primary action involves binding as an antagonist (blocker) to estrogen receptors (ERs), predominantly within the hypothalamus. This targeted receptor interference overrides the normal negative feedback mechanism of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis .


Central Neuroendocrine Pathway Activation

This mechanism is driven by the perceived shortage of estrogen in the hypothalamus, which triggers a mechanistic cascade involving the anterior pituitary gland. The pituitary responds by increasing the secretion of the gonadotropins, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), which stimulates the activation of the reproductive axis.


Peripheral Gonadal Response and Physiological Outcome

The surge in circulating FSH and LH acts on the ovaries, stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. The subsequent LH surge acts as the trigger for the release of a mature egg (ovulation). This is the observable physiological consequence of the drug's multi-step mechanism.

Dosage and Administration Information

Clovertil is administered solely through the oral route as a 50 mg tablet. The medicine is used in distinct, short-term cycles according to the treatment protocol. Each course is administered for five consecutive days, with the initiation of the course typically scheduled to begin on or about the fifth day of the menstrual cycle. This short-term, cyclic pattern is integral to the administration structure.

The established dosing regimen begins with a starting dose of 50 mg taken once daily for the five-day course. A higher dose of 100 mg daily for five days is reserved only for a subsequent course if a patient does not demonstrate a response to the initial 50 mg regimen. The dosing rules state that the maximum recommended daily dosage does not exceed 100 mg, and the overall usage duration is constrained, as long-term cyclic therapy is generally not advised beyond a total of about six treatment cycles.

Procedurally, before starting any course of therapy, including subsequent cycles, two requirements must be met: pregnancy must be excluded, and a pelvic examination is required to screen for ovarian enlargement. Adherence to these checks ensures proper administration consistent with clinical standards.


Official Administration Guidelines

Instruction Detail
Route of administration: Oral administration only.
Dosing schedule (Adults): Initial: 50 mg daily for 5 days. Next Course (if required): 100 mg daily for 5 days.
Frequency pattern: Daily for a short course, repeated in intermittent cycles.
Special procedural conditions: Pregnancy must be excluded before each course. Pelvic examination required before each course.

Official step sequence:

  • 1. Exclusion of Pregnancy: Before beginning any course, the patient must be confirmed as not pregnant.
  • 2. Pelvic Examination: A pelvic examination must be performed to ensure the absence of ovarian enlargement.
  • 3. Initiate Treatment: Start the dosage on or about the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.
  • 4. Complete Course: Take the medicine once daily for 5 consecutive days.
  • 5. Cycle Progression: The next cycle, if required, is delayed by at least 30 days and uses the next dose level only if the previous, lower dose failed to produce a response.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Overview of Clinical Research

Research Focus and Initial Findings

Studies have been conducted to investigate the compound's potential effects in the body, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Research has explored the compound’s impact on acute symptoms and its longer-term effects on chronic pain in relevant patient populations.


Core Clinical Trials Data

Numerous studies have examined patient-reported outcomes, focusing on how individuals perceive changes in their daily function and pain levels following administration. The focus of these studies has been on quantifying changes from the baseline status.

Research has investigated whether the combination is associated with a greater reduction in pain compared to a placebo. These comparisons are essential for establishing the compound's contribution to observed changes.


Long-Term Outcomes and Safety

Long-term studies have collected data on the compound’s safety profile across different dosages and examined the persistence of potential effects over extended treatment periods. These studies often measure markers related to organ health and general tolerability.

Research has explored whether the administration of the compound, when combined with physical therapy, is associated with better overall outcomes in the recovery and management of chronic conditions.


Summary of Research Focus

Research has evaluated whether the compound is associated with changes in inflammatory markers, and studies have also examined its association with changes in pain and swelling in various musculoskeletal conditions.

Research has investigated the compound’s profile in individuals with limited response to other established, standard therapies, providing specific data on this sub-population.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Clovertil (FAQ)

Q: Does Clovertil have any potential impact on heart rate or blood pressure?

Official regulatory information mentions that cardiovascular events have been reported in postmarketing surveillance. These reports have included conditions such as arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), hypertension (high blood pressure), palpitation, and chest pain. This type of information helps establish the known risk profile of the medicine.

Q: Does Clovertil need to be taken at a specific time of day?

Regulatory documents state that the medicine is taken once a day for five consecutive days during a treatment cycle. Although a specific time of day is not formally specified, official guidelines sometimes describe the value of taking a medicine around the same time every day to support consistency with the regimen.

Q: Can someone who is pregnant or breastfeeding use Clovertil?

Clovertil is contraindicated, meaning the medicine is generally not prescribed during pregnancy. For breastfeeding, the official information advises caution, as the medication may potentially reduce or inhibit lactation by influencing the body's prolactin levels.

Q: Is Clovertil safe to use if I have a history of kidney problems?

Official labeling clearly states the medicine is contraindicated in patients with pre-existing liver disease. While kidney problems are not listed as a direct contraindication, complications from Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), a known risk, can potentially impact renal function.

Q: Can Clovertil affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

Yes, regulatory warnings state that Clovertil may cause visual changes such as blurred vision or flashes. Because these effects may make activities like driving or operating machinery more hazardous, official labeling indicates that caution is appropriate for these activities.

Q: What should I do if I accidentally miss a dose of Clovertil?

According to general drug information, a missed dose is typically taken as soon as it is remembered. However, if it is near the time for the next scheduled dose, patients are advised to contact their healthcare provider for specific guidance on how to proceed, rather than taking two doses.

Q: Is Clovertil available as a generic version, or only brand name?

The active ingredient in Clovertil, Clomiphene Citrate, is widely available as a generic tablet. The generic form is manufactured by multiple pharmaceutical companies and is listed in regulatory databases alongside the brand-name product.

Q: How long does Clovertil stay in the body after the last dose?

Studies examining how the body processes the medicine indicate it has a reported half-life of between 4 and 7 days. The half-life is the time it takes for half of the dose to be cleared from the bloodstream. The active substance and its breakdown products are mainly excreted through the feces.

Q: What are the ingredients in Clovertil besides the main active component?

Official product information states that the main active component is Clomiphene Citrate. The tablets also contain several inactive ingredients (excipients), which typically include lactose monohydrate, corn starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate, and pregelatinized corn starch.

Q: Can Clovertil cause changes in appetite or weight?

Postmarketing surveillance reports have documented occurrences of changes in appetite, including both increased appetite and changes in weight (gain or loss). Additionally, sudden weight gain is noted as one of the signs of the more serious condition known as Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS).

Q: What should I watch for if I feel dizzy after taking Clovertil?

The side effects of dizziness or lightheadedness are documented in official safety information. Official labeling indicates that if these symptoms occur, exercising caution with tasks like driving or operating machinery is appropriate. It is typically recommended that patients inform their healthcare professional if the feelings are persistent.

Q: What does 'contraindication' mean in the context of Clovertil?

A contraindication is a specific situation or pre-existing health condition where a medicine is generally considered unsuitable for use. For Clovertil, examples of contraindications include pregnancy and certain types of liver disease, as using the drug under these conditions could potentially cause harm.

Q: Is Clovertil listed as a controlled substance?

No, the active ingredient in Clovertil (Clomiphene Citrate) is not classified as a controlled substance under the U.S. scheduling system. This classification indicates that the medicine is not described by regulatory bodies as having a high potential for abuse or dependence.

Q: Are allergic reactions to Clovertil common, and what are the signs?

Allergic reactions are documented in postmarketing reports but are considered uncommon occurrences. Official sources describe signs that may indicate a reaction, such as hives (a skin rash), difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Q: Is Clovertil used in countries outside of the United States?

Yes, the regulatory profiles and safety documents from major international agencies, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Health Canada, confirm that the medicine is approved and used in many countries beyond the United States.

Q: Is Clovertil known to cause any skin-related issues?

Official postmarketing reports document various skin-related issues. These have included conditions such as acne, rash, dermatitis, pruritus (itching), hives (urticaria), and a type of inflamed skin called erythema.

Q: Do regulatory agencies describe Clovertil as having a high potential for dependence?

Official classifications state that Clovertil (Clomiphene Citrate) is not scheduled under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. This regulatory status indicates that the medicine is not described as having a high potential for abuse or the development of dependence.

How should Clovertil be stored and disposed of?

Clovertil (Clomifene citrate) must be stored strictly according to regulatory standards to ensure its stability.

Storage Environment

  • Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, generally defined as between 15 C and 30 C (59 F and 86 F). The product must not be frozen.
  • Protection: Keep the tablets in a dry place and away from excess heat, light, and moisture.
  • Container: Store the medication in its original container, tightly closed, as directed by official labeling.
  • Child Safety: All product must be kept out of the sight and reach of children and pets.

Official Disposal Rules

  • Wastewater: Do not dispose of unused or expired Clovertil by flushing it down a toilet or pouring it into a drain.
  • Discarding: The preferred method is to return the medicine to a drug take-back program or pharmacist for proper pharmaceutical disposal.
  • Household Trash: If a take-back option is unavailable, the product may be mixed with an unappealing substance, sealed in a container, and placed in the household trash.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

Available in countries:

Equivalent of Clovertil found in:

A-Z Index: