Components:
Medically reviewed by Kovalenko Svetlana Olegovna, PharmD. Last updated on 28.05.2022
Attention! Information on this page is intended only for medical professionals! Information is collected in open sources and may contain significant errors! Be careful and double-check all the information on this page!
Top 20 medicines with the same components:
Clotrimazole® Troches are indicated for the local treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. The diagnosis should be confirmed by a KOH smear and/or culture prior to treatment.
Clotrimazole® Troches are also indicated prophylactically to reduce the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients immunocompromised by conditions that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or steroid therapy utilized in the treatment of leukemia, solid tumors, or renal transplantation. There are no data from adequate and well-controlled trials to establish the safety and efficacy of this product for prophylactic use in patients immunocompromised by etiologies other than those listed in the previous sentence.
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.Restoration of lactobacillus flora after anti-infective/chemotherapeutic treatment; atrophic vaginitis due to estrogen deficiency, as co-medication to hormone replacement therapy; vag discharge of unknown origin or mild to moderate cases of bacterial vaginosis & candidiasis.
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.Symptomatic Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic trichomoniasis in females and males when the presence of thetrichomonad has been confirmed by appropriate laboratory procedures (wet smears and/or cultures).
Asymptomatic Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of asymptomatic females when the organism is associated with endocervi-citis, cervicitis, or cervical erosion. Since there is evidence that presence of the trichomonad can interfere with accurate assessment of abnormal cytological smears, additional smears should be performed after eradication of the parasite.
Treatment of Asymptomatic Consorts.
T. vagi-nalis infection is a venereal disease. Therefore, asymptomatic sexual partners of treated patients should be treated simultaneously if the organism has been found to be present, in order to prevent reinfection of the partner. The decision as to whether to treat an asymptomatic male partner who has a negative culture or one for whom no culture has been attempted is an individual one. In making this decision, it should be noted that there is evidence that a woman may become reinfected if her consort is not treated. Also, since there can be considerable difficulty in isolating the organism from the asymptomatic male carrier, negative smears and cultures cannot be relied upon in this regard. In any event, the consort should be treated with Metronidazole in cases of reinfection.
Amebiasis
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysen-tery)and amebic liver abscess.
In amebic liver abscess, Metronidazole therapy does not obviate the need for aspiration or drainage of pus.
Anaerobic Bacterial Infections
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. Indicated surgical procedures should be performed in conjunction with Metronidazole therapy. In a mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection, antimicrobials appropriate for the treatment of the aerobic infection should be used in addition to Metronidazole.
In the treatment of most serious anaerobic infections, Metronidazole I.V. (metronidazole hydrochloride) or Metronidazole I.V. RTU® (metronidazole) is usually administered initially. This may be followed by oral ther-apy with Metronidazole (metronidazole) at the discretion of the physician.
INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS, including peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and liver abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group (B. fragilis, B. distasonis,B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus), Clostrid-ium species, Eubacterium species, Peptococcus niger, and Peptostreptococcus species.
SKIN AND SKIN STRUCTURE INFECTIONS caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species, Peptococcus niger,Peptostreptococcus species, and Fusobacte-rium species.
GYNECOLOGIC INFECTIONS, including endo-metritis, endomyometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species, Peptococcusniger, and Pepto-streptococcus species.
BACTERIAL SEPTICEMIA caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, and Clos-tridium species.
BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS, as adjunctive therapy, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) INFECTIONS, including meningitis and brain abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B.fragilis group.
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.
ENDOCARDITIS caused by Bacteroides species including the B.fragilis group.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Metronidazole and other antibacterial drugs, Metronidazole should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Clotrimazole lozenges are dissolved slowly in the mouth to prevent and treat thrush. Thrush, also called candidiasis or white mouth, is a fungus infection of the mouth and throat. clotrimazole may also be used for other problems as determined by your doctor.
Clotrimazole is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacteria that exists naturally in the body, primarily in the intestines and the vagina. Lactobacillus acidophilus has been used as a probiotic, or "friendly bacteria."
Lactobacillus acidophilus has been used in alternative medicine as a likely effective aid in treating diarrhea in children with rotavirus.
Lactobacillus acidophilus has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid (in children or adults) in preventing diarrhea caused by antibiotics, travel, chemotherapy, or hospitalization. Lactobacillus acidophilus is also possibly effective in treating irritable bowel syndrome, bacterial vaginal infection, colic in babies, lung infections in children, skin problems in children who are allergic to milk, and other conditions.
Lactobacillus acidophilus has also been used to treat lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, overgrowth of bacteria in the intestines, or vaginal yeast infections caused by antibiotics. However, research has shown that lactobacillus acidophilus may not be effective in treating these conditions.
Other uses not proven with research have included treating indigestion, urinary tract infections, intestinal problems in premature babies, high cholesterol, lyme disease, cold sores, acne, cancer, the common cold, and other conditions.
It is not certain whether lactobacillus acidophilus is effective in treating any medical condition. Medicinal use of this product has not been approved by the FDA. Lactobacillus acidophilus should not be used in place of medication prescribed for you by your doctor.
Lactobacillus acidophilus is often sold as an herbal supplement. There are no regulated manufacturing standards in place for many herbal compounds and some marketed supplements have been found to be contaminated with toxic metals or other drugs. Herbal/health supplements should be purchased from a reliable source to minimize the risk of contamination.
Lactobacillus acidophilus may also be used for other purposes not listed in this product guide.
Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections in different areas of the body. The extended-release tablets are used to treat women with vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis).
Metronidazole belongs to the class of medicines known as antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, metronidazole will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
metronidazole is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, metronidazole is used in certain patients with the following medical conditions:
- Clostridium difficile diarrhea or colitis (antibiotic-associated colitis).
- Crohn's disease (inflammatory bowel disease).
- Gastritis or stomach ulcers due to Helicobacter pylori.
- Giardiasis (parasite infection in the intestines).
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Corporis
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Cruris
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Pedis
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Cutaneous Candidiasis
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Versicolor
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Vaginal Candidiasis
Regimen 1: 100 mg (one 100 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 7 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 2: 200 mg (one 200 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 3 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 3: 500 mg (one 500 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once.
Regimen 4: One applicatorful of 1% clotrimazole vaginal cream intravaginally once daily (preferably at bedtime) for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 5: One applicatorful of 2% clotrimazole vaginal cream intravaginally once daily (preferably at bedtime) for 3 consecutive days.
Studies have shown the three and seven day courses of clotrimazole to be equally effective. Patient compliance may be increased with a three day course. Patients who fail to achieve a cure with a single 500 mg dose should be treated with a 3 or 7 day course of clotrimazole.
Weekly or monthly clotrimazole vaginal suppositories appear to be effective topical regimens for chronic suppressive therapy in female patients with HIV.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Corporis
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Cruris
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Pedis
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Cutaneous Candidiasis
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Versicolor
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Vaginal Candidiasis
> 12 years: Regimen 1: 100 mg (one 100 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 7 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 2: 200 mg (one 200 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 3 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 3: 500 mg (one 500 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once.
Regimen 4: One applicatorful of 1% clotrimazole vaginal cream intravaginally once daily (preferably at bedtime) for 7 consecutive days.
Studies have shown the three and seven day courses of clotrimazole to be equally effective. Patient compliance may be increased with a three day course. Patients who fail to achieve a cure with a single 500 mg dose should be treated with a 3 or 7 day course of clotrimazole.
Weekly or monthly clotrimazole vaginal suppositories appear to be effective topical regimens for chronic suppressive therapy in female patients with HIV.
Renal Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Liver Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Dialysis
Data not available
Dosage Forms
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Capsule,
Oral:
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii, and L. rhamnosus GG 10 billion live cultures [also includes Bifidobacterium lactis, and B. longum]
Culturelle: L. rhamnosus GG 10 billion colony-forming units
Dofus: L. acidophilus and L. bifidus 10:1 ratio [beet root powder base]
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus and L. paracasei ≥8 billion colony-forming units [also contains Bifidobacterium and S. thermophilus] [DSC]
Lactobacillus:
100: L. acidophilus 1 billion colony-forming units [milk, soy, and yeast free; rice derived]
600: L. acidophilus 6 billion colony-forming units [milk, soy, and yeast free; rice derived]
Lacto-Bifidus:
100: L. bifidus 1 billion colony-forming units [milk, soy, and yeast free; rice derived]
600: L. bifidus 6 billion colony-forming units [milk, soy, and yeast free; rice derived]
Lacto-Pectin: L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium breve, and B. longum 20 billion colony-forming units
Lacto-TriBlend:
100: L. acidophilus, L. bifidus, and L. bulgaricus 1 billion colony-forming units [milk, soy and yeast free; rice derived]
600: L. acidophilus, L. bifidus, and L. bulgaricus 6 billion colony-forming units [milk, soy and yeast free; rice derived]
Megadophilus, Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus 2 billion units [available in dairy based or dairy free formulations]
Prodigen: L. acidophilus 42 billion colony-forming units and Bifidobacterium lactis 39 billion colony-forming units
RisaQuad: L. acidophilus and L. paracasei 8 billion colony-forming units [also includes Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus]
RisaQuad-2: L. acidophilus and L. paracasei 16 billion colony-forming units [gluten free; also includes Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus]
Visbiome: L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus112 billion live cells [gluten free; contains lactose, milk protein]
VSL #3: L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus 112 billion live cells [gluten free]
Caplet,
Oral:
Risa-Bid: L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus [also contains Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus]
Granules:
Culturelle Baby Grow + Thrive: L. rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis 3.5 billion colony-forming untis with cholecalciferol 400 IU per packet (30s) [contains sucrose]
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus 100 million live cells per 1 g packet (12s) [contains milk, sodium 5 mg/packet, soy]
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus 100 million live cells per 1 g packet (12s) [gluten free; contains calcium 5 mg/packet, lactose 380 mg/packet, potassium 20 mg/packet, sodium 5 mg/packet, sucrose 34 mg/packet, whey, evaporated milk, and soy peptone]
Liquid,
Oral:
Culturelle Baby Grow + Thrive: L. rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis 2.5 billion colony-forming units with cholecalciferol 400 IU per 5 drops (9 mL)
Powder,
Oral:
Lacto-TriBlend: L. acidophilus, L. bifidus, and L. bulgaricus 10 billion colony-forming units per ¼ teaspoon (60 g) [milk, soy, and yeast free; rice derived]
Megadophilus, Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus 2 billion units per half-teaspoon (49 g, 70 g, 84 g, 126 g) [available in dairy based or dairy free (garbanzo bean) formulations]
MoreDophilus: L. acidophilus 12.4 billion units per teaspoon (30 g, 120 g) [dairy free, yeast free; soy and carrot derived]
Visbiome: L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus 450 billion live cells per packet (30s) [gluten free; contains lactose, milk protein; also contains Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus; lemon flavor and unflavored]
VSL #3: L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus 450 billion live cells per sachet (10s, 30s) [gluten free; also contains Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus; lemon cream flavor and unflavored]
VSL #3-DS: L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus 900 billion live cells per packet (20s,) [gluten free; also contains Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus]
Tablet,
Oral:
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus 1 million colony-forming units [contains lactose, nonfat dried milk, whey]
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus 200 million units [dairy free, yeast free; soy based]
Tablet, chewable,
Oral:
Dialyvite Probiotic: L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis 10 billion cells [orange cream flavor]
Lactobacillus: L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus 1 million live cells [gluten free; contains calcium 5.2 mg/4 tablets, lactose 960 mg/4 tablets, potassium 20 mg/4 tablets, sodium 5.6 mg/4 tablets, and sucrose 500 sucrose/4 tablets; contains whey, evaporated milk, and soy peptone]
Pedia-Lax Probiotic Yums: L. reuteri 100 million organisms [dye free, gluten free, sugar free; contains milk protein; strawberry flavor]
ReZyst IM: L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium 150 mg [3 billion lives cells; berry flavor] [DSC]
Wafer,
Oral:
Generic: L. acidophilus 90 mg and L. bifidus 25 mg (100s) [provides 1 billion organisms/wafer at time of manufacture]
Dosing: Adult
Dietary supplement/medical food:
Oral: Dosing varies by manufacturer; consult product labeling.
Acidophilus products: 2 capsules 2 to 4 times daily or 1 to 2 wafers 2 to 4 times daily
Culturelle Digestive Health capsule and chewable tablet: 1 capsule or chewable tablet once daily; may increase chewable tablet to twice daily to alleviate digestive distress or during travel
Lactobacillus: 4 tablets 3 to 4 times daily
Lactobacillus: 1 capsule once daily
Lactobacillus: 1 packet or 4 tablets 3 to 4 times daily
Visbiome:
Irritable bowel syndrome: 2 to 4 capsules or ½ to 1 packet per day
Pouchitis: 2 to 4 packets/day
Ulcerative colitis (active): 4 to 8 packets/day
Ulcerative colitis (maintenance): 4 to 8 capsules or 1 to 2 packets per day
VSL #3: 1 to 8 packets or 2 to 8 capsules/day
VSL #3-DS: 1 to 4 packets/day
Dosing: Geriatric
Refer to adult dosing.
Dosing: Pediatric
Dietary supplement: Note: Product formulations and labeling for use in pediatric patients may vary among available formulations; consult product labeling.
Culturelle:
Baby Grow and Thrive Drops: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 400 million CFU, Bifidobacterium animalis 100 million CFU, and cholecalciferol 2 mcg/drop: Infants:
Oral: 5 drops once daily.
Baby Grow and Thrive Packets: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 3 billion CFU, Bifidobacterium animalis 500 million CFU, and cholecalciferol 10 mcg/packet: Children ≤2 years:
Oral: 1 packet once daily.
Kids Daily Probiotic Packets: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 5 billion CFU/packet: Children <3 years:
Oral: 1 packet once or twice daily.
Kids Daily Probiotic Chewables: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 5 billion CFU/tablet: Children ≥3 years and Adolescents:
Oral: 1 tablet once or twice daily.
Digestive Health Daily Probiotic Chewable: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 10 billion CFU, inulin 200 mg, and vitamin C 6 mg/tablet: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents:
Oral: 1 tablet once or twice daily.
Digestive Health Daily Probiotic Capsule: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 10 billion CFU and inulin 200 mg/capsule: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents:
Oral: 1 capsule once or twice daily.
Digestive Health Extra Strength: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 20 billion CFU and inulin 200 mg/capsule: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents:
Oral: 1 capsule once daily.
Gerber:
Soothe Probiotic Colic Drops: Lactobacillus reuteri 20 million CFU/drop: Infants:
Oral: 5 drops once daily.
Soothe Vitamin D and Probiotic Drops: Lactobacillus reuteri 20 million CFU and cholecalciferol 2 mcg/drop: Infants:
Oral: 5 drops once daily.
Good Start Toddler Digestive and Immune Support Probiotic Packet: Lactobacillus reuteri 100 million CFU/packet: Children:
Oral: 1 packet once daily.
Good Start Kids Digestive and Immune Support Probiotic Tablet: Lactobacillus reuteri 100 million CFU/tablet: Children ≥3 years:
Oral: 1 tablet once daily.
Usual Adult Dose for Acne Rosacea
Metronidazole topical 1% gel or cream: Apply a thin film to the affected area once a day.
Metronidazole topical 0.75% gel, cream, or lotion: Apply a thin film to the affected area twice a day.
Usual Adult Dose for Bacterial Vaginosis
Insert one applicatorful of metronidazole topical 0.75% vaginal gel intravaginally once (at bedtime) or twice a day for 5 consecutive days.
Renal Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Liver Dose Adjustments
Gel, cream, lotion: Data not available
Vaginal gel: The manufacturer recommends caution when administering this drug to patients with severe hepatic disease.
Dose Adjustments
The duration of topical therapy is 4 to 10 weeks depending on the nature and severity of the condition.
Precautions
Patients should be advised to use metronidazole topical less frequently or discontinue use if a reaction suggesting local irritation occurs.
Convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy have been reported in patients receiving oral or IV metronidazole. If abnormal neurologic signs appear, metronidazole topical vaginal gel should be discontinued at once. The use of metronidazole topical 1% gel should be reevaluated at once if abnormal neurologic signs appear. Metronidazole topical should be used with caution in patients with central nervous system diseases.
Metronidazole topical should be used with caution in patients with evidence of, or history of blood dyscrasia.
Although disulfiram-like reactions have not been reported in patients receiving vaginal metronidazole, the manufacturer recommends that alcohol be avoided. Metronidazole topical vaginal gel should not be used in patients who have taken disulfiram within the last 2 weeks.
Safety and efficacy have not been established in pediatric patients (less than 18 years of age).
Dialysis
Data not available
Other Comments
Metronidazole topical may cause eye irritation if applied too close to the eyes. Contact with the eyes should be avoided.
Topical areas to be treated should be washed with a mild cleanser prior to application.
The manufacturer recommends avoidance of vaginal intercourse during treatment with metronidazole topical vaginal gel.
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Clotrimazole?
Possible sensitivity to clotrimazole.
Rosacea, acne, perioral dermatitis, tuberculosis of the skin and varicose ulcers.
Clotrimazole is not indicated for ophthalmic use and should be used with caution around the eyes.
Teratogenicity: Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in animals following dermal application. As these agents are absorbed percutaneously, teratogenicity following topical application cannot be excluded.
Use in pregnancy: Clotrimazole should not be used during pregnancy.
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Lactobacillus?
Congenital galactosemia, glucose and lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency in patients with disabling. Hypersensitivity to this drug or one of its components Gynecological : Hypersensitivity. Estrogen-dependent tumors, endometriosis, vag hemorrhaging of unknown origin, females who are not yet sexually mature
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Metronidazole?
Hypersensitivity
Metronidazole 375 mg are contraindicated in patients with a prior history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.
In patients with trichomoniasis, Metronidazole 375 mg are contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Psychotic Reaction with Disulfiram
Use of oral metronidazole is associated with psychotic reactions in alcoholic patients who were using disulfiram concurrently. Do not administer metronidazole to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks.
Interaction with Alcohol
Use of oral metronidazole is associated with a disulfiram-like reaction to alcohol, including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing. Discontinue consumption of alcohol or products containing propylene glycol during and for at least three days after therapy with metronidazole.
Use Clotrimazole as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- An extra patient leaflet is available with Clotrimazole. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.
- Clotrimazole is for vaginal use only. Do not use in the eyes or take by mouth.
- Some forms of this product come with 3 disposable applicators. If this product contains disposable applicators, throw away each applicator after use.
- Some forms of this product come with one applicator to be used for all 3 days of treatment. If this product contains only one applicator, do not throw it away after use. Separate the pieces of the applicator and wash with warm, soapy water immediately after use. Rinse thoroughly. Make sure the applicator is completely dry before the next use.
- If you are using this cream externally, squeeze a small amount onto your fingertip and gently apply to the irritated skin around the vagina.
- Wash your hands immediately after using Clotrimazole.
- To clear up your infection completely, use Clotrimazole for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.
- If you miss a dose of Clotrimazole, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Clotrimazole.
Use Lactobacillus as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- The contents of 1 packet of Lactobacillus should be added to cereal, food, or milk 3 or 4 times a day.
- If you miss a dose of Lactobacillus, take it as soon as you remember. Continue to take it as directed by your doctor or on the package label.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Lactobacillus.
Use Metronidazole as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- An extra patient leaflet is available with Metronidazole. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.
- If you are using Metronidazole once daily, use it at bedtime.
- Remove the cap from the tube and break the metal seal on the tube with the pointed tip of the cap. Screw the end of the applicator onto the tube. Slowly squeeze gel out of the tube and into the applicator. The plunger will stop when the applicator is full. Unscrew applicator and replace the cap on the tube.
- You may insert Metronidazole lying on your back with your knees bent or in any comfortable position. Hold the filled applicator by the barrel, and gently insert into the vagina as far as it will comfortably go. Slowly press the plunger until it stops, and then remove the applicator.
- If you will be using Metronidazole twice daily, you will need to clean the applicator after your first dose of the day and use it again for your second dose. To clean the applicator, pull the plunger out of the barrel. Wash both the plunger and barrel in warm, soapy water and rinse well. To put the applicator back together, gently push the plunger back into the barrel.
- Wash your hands immediately after using Metronidazole.
- When you throw the applicator away, be sure that it is out of the reach of children and pets.
- Using Metronidazole at the same time each day will help you remember to use it.
- To clear up your infection completely, use Metronidazole for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.
- If you miss a dose of Metronidazole, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Metronidazole.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.This product is a combination of B vitamins used to treat or prevent vitamin deficiency due to poor diet, certain illnesses, alcoholism, or during pregnancy. Vitamins are important building blocks of the body and help keep you in good health. B vitamins include thiamine, riboflavin, niacin/niacinamide, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and pantothenic acid.
Some brands of B vitamins also contain ingredients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, or zinc. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about the ingredients in your brand.
How to use Bco
Take this medication by mouth, usually once daily or as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
If you are taking a brand that contains vitamin C, take this medication by mouth with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise.
If you are taking chewable tablets, chew the tablet thoroughly before swallowing.
If you are taking extended-release capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
If you are taking a liquid product, use a medication-measuring device to carefully measure the dose. Do not use a household spoon. Some liquid products need to be shaken before each dose. Some products that contain vitamin B12 need to be placed under the tongue and held there before swallowing. Follow label directions carefully to get the most benefit.
Take this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.Probiotics contain different types of micro-organisms such as yeast (saccharomyces boulardii) and bacteria (such as lactobacillus, bifidobacterium). Micro-organisms (flora) are naturally found in the stomach/intestines/vagina. Some conditions (such as antibiotic use, travel) can change the normal balance of bacteria/yeast. Probiotics are used to improve digestion and restore normal flora.
Probiotics have been used to treat bowel problems (such as diarrhea, irritable bowel), eczema, vaginal yeast infections, lactose intolerance, and urinary tract infections.
Probiotics are available in foods (such as yogurt, milk, juices, soy beverages) and as dietary supplements (capsules, tablets, powders). Different products have different uses. Check the label for information on uses for your particular product.
Some diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details regarding the particular brand you use.
The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
How to use Lactobacillus
Follow all directions on the product package. Refer to the label directions for your specific product to see if the dose should be swallowed whole, chewed, sprinkled onto food or mixed with liquid. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Some probiotic products may contain live bacteria (such as bifidobacteria). Antibiotics may prevent these products from working well. Take any product containing live bacteria at least 2 to 3 hours before or after taking antibiotics. Follow the directions for your specific product.
If you are taking this product for diarrhea due to antibiotics, do not use it if you have a high fever or for more than 2 days, unless directed by your doctor. You may have a serious problem that requires medical treatment.
If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.Use: Labeled Indications
Amebiasis: Treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and extraintestinal amebiasis (liver abscess)
Limitations of use: When used for amebic liver abscess, may be used concurrently with percutaneous needle aspiration when clinically indicated.
Anaerobic bacterial infections (caused by Bacteroides spp., including the B. fragilis group):
Bacterial septicemia: Treatment of bacterial septicemia (also caused by Clostridium spp.)
Bone and joint infections: Treatment (adjunctive therapy) of bone and joint infections
CNS Infections: Treatment of CNS infections, including meningitis and brain abscess
Endocarditis: Treatment of endocarditis
Gynecologic infections: Treatment of gynecologic infections including endometritis, endomyometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection (also caused by Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Fusobacterium spp.)
Intra-abdominal infections: Treatment of intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and liver abscess (also caused by Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp.)
Lower respiratory tract infections: Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscess
Skin and skin structure infections: Treatment of skin and skin structure infections (also caused by Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Fusobacterium spp.)
Surgical prophylaxis (colorectal surgery): Injection: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated
Trichomoniasis: Treatment of infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, including treatment of asymptomatic sexual partners
Off Label Uses
Balantidiasis
Data from a single case report of one immunocompromised patient with pulmonary infection treated with metronidazole suggest that metronidazole may be beneficial for the treatment of balantidiasis.
See also:
What other drugs will affect Clotrimazole?
Clotrimazole should be used cautiously in patients with hyperthyroidism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. All vasopressors should be used cautiously in patients taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.
Clotrimazole should not be administered concomitantly with other sympathomimetic drugs (such as isoproterenol) because of possible additive effects and increased toxicity.
Combined effects may induce serious cardiac arrhythmias. They may be administered alternately when the preceding effect of other such drug has subsided.
Administration of epinephrine to patients receiving cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon general anesthetics such as halothane which sensitize the myocardium, may induce cardiac arrhythmia.. When encountered, such arrhythmias may respond to administration of a beta-adrenergic blocking drug. Clotrimazole also should be used cautiously with other drugs (e.g., digitalis, glycosides) that sensitize the myocardium to the actions of sympathomimetic drugs.
Diuretic agents may decrease vascular response to pressor drugs such as epinephrine.
Clotrimazole may antagonize the neuron blockade produced by guanethidine resulting in decreased antihypertensive effect and requiring increased dosage of the latter.
See also:
What other drugs will affect Lactobacillus?
Lactobacillus acidophilus is sensitive to anti-infective agents.
See also:
What other drugs will affect Metronidazole?
Disulfiram
Psychotic reactions have been reported in alcoholic patients who are using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently. Metronidazole should not be given to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks.
Alcoholic Beverages
Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing may occur if alcoholic beverages or products containing propylene glycol are consumed during or following metronidazole therapy.
Warfarin And Other
Oral Anticoagulants
Metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral coumarin anticoagulants, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. When Metronidazole is prescribed for patients on this type of anticoagulant therapy, prothrombin time and INR should be carefully monitored.
Lithium
In patients stabilized on relatively high doses of lithium, short-term metronidazole therapy has been associated with elevation of serum lithium and, in a few cases, signs of lithium toxicity. Serum lithium and serum creatinine levels should be obtained several days after beginning metronidazole to detect any increase that may precede clinical symptoms of lithium intoxication.
Busulfan
Metronidazole has been reported to increase plasma concentrations of busulfan, which can result in an increased risk for serious busulfan toxicity. Metronidazole should not be administered concomitantly with busulfan unless the benefit outweighs the risk. If no therapeutic alternatives to metronidazole are available, and concomitant administration with busulfan is medically needed, frequent monitoring of busulfan plasma concentration should be performed and the busulfan dose should be adjusted accordingly.
Drugs That Inhibit CYP450 Enzymes
The simultaneous administration of drugs that decrease microsomal liver enzyme activity, such as cimetidine, may prolong the half-life and decrease plasma clearance of metronidazole.
Drugs That Induce CYP450 Enzymes
The simultaneous administration of drugs that induce microsomal liver enzymes, such as phenytoin or phenobarbital, may accelerate the elimination of metronidazole, resulting in reduced plasma levels; impaired clearance of phenytoin has also been reported.
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions
Metronidazole may interfere with certain types of determinations of serum chemistry values, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides, and glucose hexokinase. Values of zero may be observed. All of the assays in which interference has been reported involve enzymatic coupling of the assay to oxidation-reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD- NADH). Interference is due to the similarity in absorbance peaks of NADH (340 nm) and metronidazole (322 nm) at pH 7.
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Clotrimazole?
Applies to clotrimazole: lozenge/troche
In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by clotrimazole (the active ingredient contained in Clotrimazole). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.
Minor Side Effects
Some of the side effects that can occur with clotrimazole may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:
More common:
Note: Some of the side effects, such as abdominal or stomach cramping or pain or diarrhea, usually occur only when the medicine is swallowed
- Abdominal or stomach cramping or pain
- diarrhea
- itching
- nausea or vomiting
- unpleasant mouth sensations
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Lactobacillus?
An increase in stomach gas may occur, but usually goes away with continued treatment. If this effect persists or worsens, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: signs of infection (such as high fever, chills).
A very serious allergic reaction to this product is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), dizziness, trouble breathing.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
In the US -
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Metronidazole?
Two serious adverse reactions reported in patients treated with Metronidazole (metronidazole) have been convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy, the latter characterized mainly by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity. Since persistent peripheral neuropathy has been reported in some patients receiving prolonged administration of Metronidazole, patients should be specifically warned about these reactions and should be told to stop the drug and report immediately to their physicians if any neu-rologic symptoms occur.
The most common adverse reactions reported have been referable to the gastrointestinal tract, particularly nausea reported by about 12% of patients, sometimes accompanied by headache, anorexia, and occasionally vomiting; diarrhea; epi-gastric distress; and abdominal cramping. Constipation has also been reported.
The following reactions have also been reported during treatment with Metronidazole (metronidazole):
Mouth: A sharp, unpleasant metallic taste is not unusual. Furry tongue, glossitis, and sto-matitis have occurred; these may be associated with a sudden overgrowth of Candida which may occur during therapy.
Hematopoietic: Reversible neutropenia (leuko-penia); rarely, reversible thrombocytopenia.
Cardiovascular: Flattening of the T-wave may be seen in electrocardiographic tracings.
Central Nervous System: Convulsive seizures, peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, vertigo, incoordination, ataxia, confusion, irritability, depression, weakness, and insomnia.
Hypersensitivity: Urticaria, erythematous rash, flushing, nasal congestion, dryness of the mouth (or vagina or vulva), and fever.
Renal: Dysuria, cystitis, polyuria, incontinence, and a sense of pelvic pressure. Instances of darkened urine have been reported by approximately one patient in 100,000. Although the pigment which is probably responsible for this phenomenon has not been positively identified, it is almost certainly a metabolite of metronidazole and seems to have no clinical significance.
Other: Proliferation of Candida in the vagina, dyspareunia, decrease of libido, proctitis, and fleeting joint pains sometimes resembling &ldquoserum sickness.” If patients receiving Metronidazole drink alcoholic beverages, they may experience abdominal distress, nausea, vomiting, flushing, or headache. A modification of the taste of alcoholic beverages has also been reported. Rare cases of pan-creatitis, which generally abated on withdrawal of the drug, have been reported.
Crohn’s disease patients are known to have an increased incidence of gastrointestinal and certain extraintestinal cancers. There have been some reports in the medical literature of breast and colon cancer in Crohn’s disease patients who have been treated with metronidazole at high doses for extended periods of time. A cause and effect relationship has not been established. Crohn’s disease is not an approved indication for Metronidazole.
Clotrimazole is used as a topical ointment or cream in the treatment of Tinea infections. Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections caused by three species of fungi collectively known as dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Commonly these infections are named for the body part affected, including tinea corporis (general skin), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea pedis (feet). Clotrimazole is a halogenated phenolic ether administered topically for dermotaphytic infections. The mechanism of action is unknown, but also presumed to interfere with yeast membrane structure and function.
Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. They are a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group, named as such because most of its members convert lactose and other sugars to lactic acid. They are common and usually benign. In humans they are present in the vaginal and the gastrointestinal tract, where they are symbiotic and make up a small portion of the gut flora. Many species are prominent in decaying plant material. The production of lactic acid makes its environment acidic, which inhibits the growth of some harmful bacteria. Several members of the genus have had their genome sequenced.
Each 100 mL contains metronidazole USP 500 mg, sodium chloride USP 0.72% w/v, water for injection USP as needed.
Metronidazole injection, USP is a parenteral dosage form of the synthetic antibacterial agent 1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. The empirical formula is C6H9N3O3 and the molecular weight is 171.15.
Metronidazole injection, USP in 100 mL is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, iso-osmotic, buffered solution of 500 mg metronidazole, USP, 790 mg sodium chloride, USP, 47.6 mg dried dibasic sodium phosphate, USP and 22.9 mg anhydrous citric acid, USP. Metronidazole injection, USP has an osmolarity of 310 mOsmol/L (calc) and a pH of 5.5 (4.5 to 7).