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Medically reviewed by Militian Inessa Mesropovna, PharmD. Last updated on 24.04.2022
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Top 20 medicines with the same components:
Clindamycin (clindamycin palmitate HCl) is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria.
Clindamycin is also indicated in the treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci, pneumococci and staphylococci. Its use should be reserved for penicillin-allergic patients or other patients for whom, in the judgment of the physician, a penicillin is inappropriate. Because of the risk of colitis, as described in the WARNING box, before selecting clindamycin the physician should consider the nature of the infection and the suitability of less toxic alternatives (e.g., erythromycin).
Anaerobes: Serious respiratory tract infections such as empyema, anaerobic pneumonitis and lung abscess; serious skin and soft tissue infections; septicemia; intra-abdominal infections such as peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess (typically resulting from anaerobic organisms resident in the normal gastrointestinal tract); infections of the female pelvis and genital tract such as endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection.
Streptococci: Serious respiratory tract infections; serious skin and soft tissue infections.
Staphylococci: Serious respiratory tract infections; serious skin and soft tissue infections.
Pneumococci: Serious respiratory tract infections.
Bacteriologic studies should be performed to determine the causative organisms and their susceptibility to clindamycin.
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing
A standardized disk testing procedure2 is recommended for determining susceptibility of aerobic bacteria to clindamycin. A description is contained in the CLEOCIN® Susceptibility Disk (clindamycin) insert. Using this method, the laboratory can designate isolates as resistant, intermediate, or susceptible. Tube or agar dilution methods may be used for both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. When the directions in the CLEOCIN® Susceptibility Powder insert are followed, an MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) of 1.6 mcg/mL may be considered susceptible; MICs of 1.6 to 4.8 mcg/mL may be considered intermediate and MICs greater than 4.8 mcg/mL may be considered resistant.
CLEOCIN Susceptibility Disks 2 mcg. See package insert for use.
CLEOCIN Susceptibility Powder 20 mg. See package insert for use.
For anaerobic bacteria the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clindamycin can be determined by agar dilution and broth dilution (including microdilution) techniques. If MICs are not determined routinely, the disk broth method is recommended for routine use. THE KIRBY-BAUER DISK DIFFUSION METHOD AND ITS INTERPRETIVE STANDARDS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED FOR ANAEROBES.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Clindamycin and other antibacterial drugs, Clindamycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.Clotrimazole® Troches are indicated for the local treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. The diagnosis should be confirmed by a KOH smear and/or culture prior to treatment.
Clotrimazole® Troches are also indicated prophylactically to reduce the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients immunocompromised by conditions that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or steroid therapy utilized in the treatment of leukemia, solid tumors, or renal transplantation. There are no data from adequate and well-controlled trials to establish the safety and efficacy of this product for prophylactic use in patients immunocompromised by etiologies other than those listed in the previous sentence.
An indication is a term used for the list of condition or symptom or illness for which the medicine is prescribed or used by the patient. For example, acetaminophen or paracetamol is used for fever by the patient, or the doctor prescribes it for a headache or body pains. Now fever, headache and body pains are the indications of paracetamol. A patient should be aware of the indications of medications used for common conditions because they can be taken over the counter in the pharmacy meaning without prescription by the Physician.Symptomatic Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic trichomoniasis in females and males when the presence of thetrichomonad has been confirmed by appropriate laboratory procedures (wet smears and/or cultures).
Asymptomatic Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of asymptomatic females when the organism is associated with endocervi-citis, cervicitis, or cervical erosion. Since there is evidence that presence of the trichomonad can interfere with accurate assessment of abnormal cytological smears, additional smears should be performed after eradication of the parasite.
Treatment of Asymptomatic Consorts.
T. vagi-nalis infection is a venereal disease. Therefore, asymptomatic sexual partners of treated patients should be treated simultaneously if the organism has been found to be present, in order to prevent reinfection of the partner. The decision as to whether to treat an asymptomatic male partner who has a negative culture or one for whom no culture has been attempted is an individual one. In making this decision, it should be noted that there is evidence that a woman may become reinfected if her consort is not treated. Also, since there can be considerable difficulty in isolating the organism from the asymptomatic male carrier, negative smears and cultures cannot be relied upon in this regard. In any event, the consort should be treated with Metronidazole in cases of reinfection.
Amebiasis
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysen-tery)and amebic liver abscess.
In amebic liver abscess, Metronidazole therapy does not obviate the need for aspiration or drainage of pus.
Anaerobic Bacterial Infections
Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. Indicated surgical procedures should be performed in conjunction with Metronidazole therapy. In a mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection, antimicrobials appropriate for the treatment of the aerobic infection should be used in addition to Metronidazole.
In the treatment of most serious anaerobic infections, Metronidazole I.V. (metronidazole hydrochloride) or Metronidazole I.V. RTU® (metronidazole) is usually administered initially. This may be followed by oral ther-apy with Metronidazole (metronidazole) at the discretion of the physician.
INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS, including peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and liver abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group (B. fragilis, B. distasonis,B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus), Clostrid-ium species, Eubacterium species, Peptococcus niger, and Peptostreptococcus species.
SKIN AND SKIN STRUCTURE INFECTIONS caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species, Peptococcus niger,Peptostreptococcus species, and Fusobacte-rium species.
GYNECOLOGIC INFECTIONS, including endo-metritis, endomyometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, Clostridium species, Peptococcusniger, and Pepto-streptococcus species.
BACTERIAL SEPTICEMIA caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group, and Clos-tridium species.
BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS, as adjunctive therapy, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) INFECTIONS, including meningitis and brain abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B.fragilis group.
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscess, caused by Bacteroides species including the B. fragilis group.
ENDOCARDITIS caused by Bacteroides species including the B.fragilis group.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Metronidazole and other antibacterial drugs, Metronidazole should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Clindamycin belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics.
Topical clindamycin is used to help control acne. It may be used alone or with one or more other medicines that are used on the skin or taken by mouth for acne.
Topical clindamycin may also be used for other problems as determined by your doctor.
Clindamycin is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Clotrimazole lozenges are dissolved slowly in the mouth to prevent and treat thrush. Thrush, also called candidiasis or white mouth, is a fungus infection of the mouth and throat. clotrimazole may also be used for other problems as determined by your doctor.
Clotrimazole is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections in different areas of the body. The extended-release tablets are used to treat women with vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis).
Metronidazole belongs to the class of medicines known as antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, metronidazole will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
metronidazole is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, metronidazole is used in certain patients with the following medical conditions:
- Clostridium difficile diarrhea or colitis (antibiotic-associated colitis).
- Crohn's disease (inflammatory bowel disease).
- Gastritis or stomach ulcers due to Helicobacter pylori.
- Giardiasis (parasite infection in the intestines).
Clindamycin phosphate IM administration should be used undiluted.
Clindamycin phosphate IV administration should be diluted.
Adults: Clindamycin phosphate (IM or IV administration): The usual daily adult dosage of clindamycin phosphate for infections of the intraabdominal area, female pelvis, and other complicated or serious infections is 2400-2700 mg given in 2, 3, or 4 equal doses. Less complicated infections due to more susceptible microorganisms may respond to lower doses such as 1200-1800 mg/day administered in 3 or 4 equal doses.
Doses of up to 4800 mg daily have been used successfully.
Single IM doses of greater than 600 mg are not recommended.
Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules (oral administration): 600-1800 mg/day divided in 2, 3 or 4 equal doses. To avoid the possibility of esophageal irritation, clindamycin HCl capsules should be taken with a full glass of water.
Children (>1 month): Clindamycin phosphate (IM or IV administration): 20-40 mg/kg/day in 3 or 4 equal doses.
Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules or clindamycin palmitate solution (oral administration): To avoid the possibility of esophageal irritation, clindamycin HCl capsules should be taken with a full glass of water. Doses of 8-25 mg/kg/day in 3 or 4 equal doses. In children weighing ≤10 kg, ½ teaspoon (37.5 mg) of clindamycin palmitate solution three times a day should be considered the minimum recommended dose.
Neonates (<1 month): Clindamycin phosphate (IM or IV administration): 15-20 mg/kg/day in 3 or 4 equal doses. The lower dosage may be adequate for small premature infants.
Elderly: Pharmacokinetic studies with clindamycin have shown no clinically important differences between young and elderly subjects with normal hepatic function and normal (age-adjusted) renal function after oral or intravenous administration. Therefore, dosage adjustments are not necessary in the elderly with normal hepatic function and normal (age-adjusted) renal function.
Renal Impairment: Clindamycin dosage modification is not necessary in patients with renal insufficiency.
Hepatic Impairment: Clindamycin dosage modification is not necessary in patients with hepatic insufficiency.
Specific Indications:
Inpatient Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Clindamycin phosphate 900 mg (IV) every 8 hrs daily plus an antibiotic with an appropriate gram negative aerobic spectrum administered IV, eg, gentamicin 2 mg/kg followed by 1.5 mg/kg every 8 hrs daily in patients with normal renal function. Continue (IV) drugs for at least 4 days and at least 48 hrs after the patient improves. Then continue oral clindamycin hydrochloride 450-600 mg q6h daily to complete 10-14 days total therapy. Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis Cervicitis: Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules orally 450-600 mg 4 times daily for 10-14 days.
Treatment of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with AIDS: Clindamycin phosphate IV or clindamycin hydrochloride orally 600-1200 mg every 6 hrs for 2 weeks followed by 300-600 mg orally every 6 hrs. The usual total duration of therapy is 8 to 10 weeks. The dose of pyrimethamine is 25 to 75 mg orally each day for 8 to 10 weeks. Folinic acid 10 to 20 mg/day should be given with higher doses of pyrimethamine.
Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Patients with AIDS: Clindamycin phosphate IV 600 to 900 mg every 6 hrs or 900 mg IV every 8 hrs or clindamycin hydrochloride 300 to 450 mg orally every 6 hrs for 21 days and Primaquine 15 to 30 mg dose orally once daily for 21 days. Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis: Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules 300 mg orally twice daily for 10 days.
Treatment of Malaria: Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules or clindamycin palmitate solution (oral administration).
Uncomplicated Malaria/P. falciparum: Adults: Quinine sulfate: 650 mg orally three times daily for 3 or 7 days plus clindamycin: 20 mg base/kg/day orally divided three times daily for 7 days. Children: Quinine sulfate: 10 mg/kg orally three times daily for 3 or 7 days plus clindamycin: 20 mg base/kg/day orally divided three times daily for 7 days.
Severe Malaria: Adults: Quinidine gluconate: 10 mg/kg loading dose IV over 1-2 hrs, then 0.02 mg/kg/min continuous infusion for at least 24 hrs (for alternative dosing regimen please refer to quinidine label). Once parasite density <1% and patient can take oral medication, complete treatment with oral quinine, dose as above, plus clindamycin: 20 mg base/kg/day orally divided three times daily for 7 days. If patient not able to take oral medication, give 10 mg base/kg clindamycin loading dose IV followed by 5 mg base/kg IV every 8 hrs. Avoid rapid IV administration. Switch to oral clindamycin (oral dose as above) as soon as patient can take oral medication. Treatment course=7 days.
Children: Quinidine gluconate: Same mg/kg dosing and recommendations as for adults plus clindamycin: 20 mg base/kg/day orally divided three times daily for 7 days. If patient not able to take oral medication, give 10 mg base/kg clindamycin loading dose IV followed by 5 mg base/kg IV every 8 hrs. Avoid rapid IV administration. Switch to oral clindamycin (oral dose as above) as soon as patient can take oral medication. Treatment course=7 days.
Prophylaxis of Endocarditis in Patients Sensitive to Penicillin: Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules or clindamycin palmitate solution (oral administration).
Adults: 600 mg 1 hr before procedure; children: 20 mg/kg 1 hr before procedure. Alternatively, when parenteral administration is required: clindamycin phosphate 600 mg IV 1 hr before procedure. Prophylaxis of Infection in Head and Neck Surgery: Clindamycin phosphate 900 mg diluted in 1000 mL normal saline for use as an intraoperative irrigant in contaminated head and neck surgery prior to wound closure.
Dilution and IV Infusion Rates: The concentration of clindamycin in diluent for infusion should not exceed 18 mg/mL and infusion rates should not exceed 30 mg per minute. The usual infusion rates are as follows:.
Administration of >1200 mg in a single 1-hr infusion is not recommended.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Corporis
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Cruris
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Pedis
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Cutaneous Candidiasis
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Tinea Versicolor
Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Adult Dose for Vaginal Candidiasis
Regimen 1: 100 mg (one 100 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 7 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 2: 200 mg (one 200 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 3 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 3: 500 mg (one 500 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once.
Regimen 4: One applicatorful of 1% clotrimazole vaginal cream intravaginally once daily (preferably at bedtime) for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 5: One applicatorful of 2% clotrimazole vaginal cream intravaginally once daily (preferably at bedtime) for 3 consecutive days.
Studies have shown the three and seven day courses of clotrimazole to be equally effective. Patient compliance may be increased with a three day course. Patients who fail to achieve a cure with a single 500 mg dose should be treated with a 3 or 7 day course of clotrimazole.
Weekly or monthly clotrimazole vaginal suppositories appear to be effective topical regimens for chronic suppressive therapy in female patients with HIV.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Corporis
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Cruris
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Pedis
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Cutaneous Candidiasis
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Tinea Versicolor
> 3 years: Apply clotrimazole topical in a quantity sufficient to cover the affected area and immediately surrounding skin twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Vaginal Candidiasis
> 12 years: Regimen 1: 100 mg (one 100 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 7 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 2: 200 mg (one 200 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once a day for 3 consecutive days alone or in combination with topical application of 1% Clotrimazole to affected area two times daily for 7 consecutive days.
Regimen 3: 500 mg (one 500 mg vaginal suppository) intravaginally once.
Regimen 4: One applicatorful of 1% clotrimazole vaginal cream intravaginally once daily (preferably at bedtime) for 7 consecutive days.
Studies have shown the three and seven day courses of clotrimazole to be equally effective. Patient compliance may be increased with a three day course. Patients who fail to achieve a cure with a single 500 mg dose should be treated with a 3 or 7 day course of clotrimazole.
Weekly or monthly clotrimazole vaginal suppositories appear to be effective topical regimens for chronic suppressive therapy in female patients with HIV.
Renal Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Liver Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Dialysis
Data not available
Usual Adult Dose for Acne Rosacea
Metronidazole topical 1% gel or cream: Apply a thin film to the affected area once a day.
Metronidazole topical 0.75% gel, cream, or lotion: Apply a thin film to the affected area twice a day.
Usual Adult Dose for Bacterial Vaginosis
Insert one applicatorful of metronidazole topical 0.75% vaginal gel intravaginally once (at bedtime) or twice a day for 5 consecutive days.
Renal Dose Adjustments
Data not available
Liver Dose Adjustments
Gel, cream, lotion: Data not available
Vaginal gel: The manufacturer recommends caution when administering this drug to patients with severe hepatic disease.
Dose Adjustments
The duration of topical therapy is 4 to 10 weeks depending on the nature and severity of the condition.
Precautions
Patients should be advised to use metronidazole topical less frequently or discontinue use if a reaction suggesting local irritation occurs.
Convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy have been reported in patients receiving oral or IV metronidazole. If abnormal neurologic signs appear, metronidazole topical vaginal gel should be discontinued at once. The use of metronidazole topical 1% gel should be reevaluated at once if abnormal neurologic signs appear. Metronidazole topical should be used with caution in patients with central nervous system diseases.
Metronidazole topical should be used with caution in patients with evidence of, or history of blood dyscrasia.
Although disulfiram-like reactions have not been reported in patients receiving vaginal metronidazole, the manufacturer recommends that alcohol be avoided. Metronidazole topical vaginal gel should not be used in patients who have taken disulfiram within the last 2 weeks.
Safety and efficacy have not been established in pediatric patients (less than 18 years of age).
Dialysis
Data not available
Other Comments
Metronidazole topical may cause eye irritation if applied too close to the eyes. Contact with the eyes should be avoided.
Topical areas to be treated should be washed with a mild cleanser prior to application.
The manufacturer recommends avoidance of vaginal intercourse during treatment with metronidazole topical vaginal gel.
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Clindamycin?
Clindamycin® Vaginal Cream, is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any of the components of this vaginal cream. Clindamycin® Vaginal Cream, is also contraindicated in individuals with a history of regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, or a history of "antibiotic-associated" colitis.
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Clotrimazole?
Possible sensitivity to clotrimazole.
Rosacea, acne, perioral dermatitis, tuberculosis of the skin and varicose ulcers.
Clotrimazole is not indicated for ophthalmic use and should be used with caution around the eyes.
Teratogenicity: Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in animals following dermal application. As these agents are absorbed percutaneously, teratogenicity following topical application cannot be excluded.
Use in pregnancy: Clotrimazole should not be used during pregnancy.
See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Metronidazole?
Hypersensitivity
Metronidazole 375 mg are contraindicated in patients with a prior history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.
In patients with trichomoniasis, Metronidazole 375 mg are contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Psychotic Reaction with Disulfiram
Use of oral metronidazole is associated with psychotic reactions in alcoholic patients who were using disulfiram concurrently. Do not administer metronidazole to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks.
Interaction with Alcohol
Use of oral metronidazole is associated with a disulfiram-like reaction to alcohol, including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing. Discontinue consumption of alcohol or products containing propylene glycol during and for at least three days after therapy with metronidazole.
Use Clindamycin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Clindamycin is for vaginal use only.
- Wash your hands before and after using Clindamycin. To use, remove the cap from the tube. Screw the plastic applicator on the threaded end of the tube. Rolling the tube from the bottom, squeeze gently and force the medicine into the applicator. The applicator is filled when the plunger reaches its predetermined stopping point.
- Unscrew the applicator from the tube and replace the cap. While lying on your back, firmly grasp the applicator barrel and insert into the vagina as far as it will possibly go without causing discomfort. Slowly push the plunger until it stops. Carefully remove the applicator from the vagina and throw the applicator away.
- Use Clindamycin at bedtime. This will help keep the medicine in the vagina and reduce leaking.
- Clindamycin works best if it is used at the same time each day.
- To clear up your infection completely, use Clindamycin for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.
- If you miss a dose of Clindamycin and you are using it regularly, use it as soon as possible. If several hours have passed or if it is nearing time for the next dose, do not double the dose to catch up, unless advised by your health care provider. Do not use 2 doses at once. If more than one dose is missed, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Clindamycin.
Use Clotrimazole as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- An extra patient leaflet is available with Clotrimazole. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.
- Clotrimazole is for vaginal use only. Do not use in the eyes or take by mouth.
- Some forms of this product come with 3 disposable applicators. If this product contains disposable applicators, throw away each applicator after use.
- Some forms of this product come with one applicator to be used for all 3 days of treatment. If this product contains only one applicator, do not throw it away after use. Separate the pieces of the applicator and wash with warm, soapy water immediately after use. Rinse thoroughly. Make sure the applicator is completely dry before the next use.
- If you are using this cream externally, squeeze a small amount onto your fingertip and gently apply to the irritated skin around the vagina.
- Wash your hands immediately after using Clotrimazole.
- To clear up your infection completely, use Clotrimazole for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.
- If you miss a dose of Clotrimazole, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Clotrimazole.
Use Metronidazole as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- An extra patient leaflet is available with Metronidazole. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.
- If you are using Metronidazole once daily, use it at bedtime.
- Remove the cap from the tube and break the metal seal on the tube with the pointed tip of the cap. Screw the end of the applicator onto the tube. Slowly squeeze gel out of the tube and into the applicator. The plunger will stop when the applicator is full. Unscrew applicator and replace the cap on the tube.
- You may insert Metronidazole lying on your back with your knees bent or in any comfortable position. Hold the filled applicator by the barrel, and gently insert into the vagina as far as it will comfortably go. Slowly press the plunger until it stops, and then remove the applicator.
- If you will be using Metronidazole twice daily, you will need to clean the applicator after your first dose of the day and use it again for your second dose. To clean the applicator, pull the plunger out of the barrel. Wash both the plunger and barrel in warm, soapy water and rinse well. To put the applicator back together, gently push the plunger back into the barrel.
- Wash your hands immediately after using Metronidazole.
- When you throw the applicator away, be sure that it is out of the reach of children and pets.
- Using Metronidazole at the same time each day will help you remember to use it.
- To clear up your infection completely, use Metronidazole for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.
- If you miss a dose of Metronidazole, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Metronidazole.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.Use: Labeled Indications
Bone and joint infections: Treatment of bone and joint infections, including acute hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and as adjunctive therapy in the surgical treatment of chronic bone and joint infections caused by susceptible organisms.
Gynecological infections: Treatment of gynecologic infections, including endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection caused by susceptible anaerobes.
Intraabdominal infections: Treatment of intraabdominal infections, including peritonitis and intraabdominal abscess caused by susceptible anaerobic organisms.
Lower respiratory tract infections: Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscess caused by susceptible anaerobes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, other streptococci (except Enterococcus faecalis), and S. aureus.
Septicemia: Treatment of septicemia caused by S. aureus, streptococci (except E. faecalis), and susceptible anaerobes.
Skin and soft tissue infection: Treatment of skin and soft tissue infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, S. aureus, and susceptible anaerobes.
Off Label Uses
Anthrax
Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults, clindamycin is an effective and acceptable alternative for postexposure prophylaxis or treatment of cutaneous anthrax; it is also a first-line option, in combination with other antimicrobials, for the treatment of systemic anthrax. Alternative regimens have also been suggested for other patient populations with anthrax, including injectable drug users who develop injectional anthrax.
Streptococcal (group A) pharyngitis and chronic carriage
Based on the IDSA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis, clindamycin is an effective and recommended alternative agent for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and an option for treatment of chronic group A streptococcal carriage.
Surgical prophylaxis
Based on the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, clindamycin, given as an alternative antibiotic in patients with beta-lactam allergy requiring surgical prophylaxis, is effective and recommended for a number of surgical procedures.
Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis and pneumonitis (treatment/long-term maintenance)
Based on the US Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents and the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice guidelines on parasitic infections in solid organ transplantation, clindamycin (with pyrimethamine and leucovorin) is an effective and recommended alternative regimen for the treatment and long-term maintenance therapy of Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis and pneumonitis.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.This product is a combination of B vitamins used to treat or prevent vitamin deficiency due to poor diet, certain illnesses, alcoholism, or during pregnancy. Vitamins are important building blocks of the body and help keep you in good health. B vitamins include thiamine, riboflavin, niacin/niacinamide, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and pantothenic acid.
Some brands of B vitamins also contain ingredients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, or zinc. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about the ingredients in your brand.
How to use Bco
Take this medication by mouth, usually once daily or as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
If you are taking a brand that contains vitamin C, take this medication by mouth with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise.
If you are taking chewable tablets, chew the tablet thoroughly before swallowing.
If you are taking extended-release capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
If you are taking a liquid product, use a medication-measuring device to carefully measure the dose. Do not use a household spoon. Some liquid products need to be shaken before each dose. Some products that contain vitamin B12 need to be placed under the tongue and held there before swallowing. Follow label directions carefully to get the most benefit.
Take this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.Use: Labeled Indications
Amebiasis: Treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and extraintestinal amebiasis (liver abscess)
Limitations of use: When used for amebic liver abscess, may be used concurrently with percutaneous needle aspiration when clinically indicated.
Anaerobic bacterial infections (caused by Bacteroides spp., including the B. fragilis group):
Bacterial septicemia: Treatment of bacterial septicemia (also caused by Clostridium spp.)
Bone and joint infections: Treatment (adjunctive therapy) of bone and joint infections
CNS Infections: Treatment of CNS infections, including meningitis and brain abscess
Endocarditis: Treatment of endocarditis
Gynecologic infections: Treatment of gynecologic infections including endometritis, endomyometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection (also caused by Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Fusobacterium spp.)
Intra-abdominal infections: Treatment of intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and liver abscess (also caused by Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp.)
Lower respiratory tract infections: Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscess
Skin and skin structure infections: Treatment of skin and skin structure infections (also caused by Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Fusobacterium spp.)
Surgical prophylaxis (colorectal surgery): Injection: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated
Trichomoniasis: Treatment of infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, including treatment of asymptomatic sexual partners
Off Label Uses
Balantidiasis
Data from a single case report of one immunocompromised patient with pulmonary infection treated with metronidazole suggest that metronidazole may be beneficial for the treatment of balantidiasis.
See also:
What other drugs will affect Clindamycin?
With simultaneous use of Clindamycin with theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine, there is an increase in their concentration in blood plasma and thus increases the risk of toxic effects.
Erythromycin increases the concentrations of cyclosporine in the blood plasma and may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Drugs that block tubular secretion prolongs T1/2 of erythromycin.
Incompatible with lincomycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol (antagonism).
Clindamycin reduces the bactericidal action of beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems).
With simultaneous use of erythromycin increases the concentration of theophylline.
At the same time receiving chemotherapy, which is carried metabolism in the liver (carbamazepine, valproic acid, hexobarbital, phenytoin, alfentanil, dizopiramid, lovastatin, bromocriptine), may increase the concentration of these drugs in plasma (an inhibitor of microsomal liver enzymes).
IV injection of erythromycin increases the effects of ethanol (accelerating gastric emptying and decrease the duration of alcohol dehydrogenase in the gastric mucosa).
Erythromycin reduces the clearance of triazolam and midazolam and therefore may increase the pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines.
At the same time taking with terfenadine or astemizole may develop arrhythmias (fibrillation and ventricular flutter, ventricular tachycardia, until death); with dihydroergotamine or non hydrated ergot alkaloids may vasoconstriction to spasm, dysesthesia.
With simultaneous application Clindamycin slows elimination (increases the effect) of methylprednisolone, felodipine and anticoagulants of cumarine series.
In a joint appointment with lovastatin increased rhabdomyolysis.
Erythromycin increases the bioavailability of digoxin.
Erythromycin reduces the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.
See also:
What other drugs will affect Clotrimazole?
Clotrimazole should be used cautiously in patients with hyperthyroidism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. All vasopressors should be used cautiously in patients taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.
Clotrimazole should not be administered concomitantly with other sympathomimetic drugs (such as isoproterenol) because of possible additive effects and increased toxicity.
Combined effects may induce serious cardiac arrhythmias. They may be administered alternately when the preceding effect of other such drug has subsided.
Administration of epinephrine to patients receiving cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon general anesthetics such as halothane which sensitize the myocardium, may induce cardiac arrhythmia.. When encountered, such arrhythmias may respond to administration of a beta-adrenergic blocking drug. Clotrimazole also should be used cautiously with other drugs (e.g., digitalis, glycosides) that sensitize the myocardium to the actions of sympathomimetic drugs.
Diuretic agents may decrease vascular response to pressor drugs such as epinephrine.
Clotrimazole may antagonize the neuron blockade produced by guanethidine resulting in decreased antihypertensive effect and requiring increased dosage of the latter.
See also:
What other drugs will affect Metronidazole?
Disulfiram
Psychotic reactions have been reported in alcoholic patients who are using metronidazole and disulfiram concurrently. Metronidazole should not be given to patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks.
Alcoholic Beverages
Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing may occur if alcoholic beverages or products containing propylene glycol are consumed during or following metronidazole therapy.
Warfarin And Other
Oral Anticoagulants
Metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral coumarin anticoagulants, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. When Metronidazole is prescribed for patients on this type of anticoagulant therapy, prothrombin time and INR should be carefully monitored.
Lithium
In patients stabilized on relatively high doses of lithium, short-term metronidazole therapy has been associated with elevation of serum lithium and, in a few cases, signs of lithium toxicity. Serum lithium and serum creatinine levels should be obtained several days after beginning metronidazole to detect any increase that may precede clinical symptoms of lithium intoxication.
Busulfan
Metronidazole has been reported to increase plasma concentrations of busulfan, which can result in an increased risk for serious busulfan toxicity. Metronidazole should not be administered concomitantly with busulfan unless the benefit outweighs the risk. If no therapeutic alternatives to metronidazole are available, and concomitant administration with busulfan is medically needed, frequent monitoring of busulfan plasma concentration should be performed and the busulfan dose should be adjusted accordingly.
Drugs That Inhibit CYP450 Enzymes
The simultaneous administration of drugs that decrease microsomal liver enzyme activity, such as cimetidine, may prolong the half-life and decrease plasma clearance of metronidazole.
Drugs That Induce CYP450 Enzymes
The simultaneous administration of drugs that induce microsomal liver enzymes, such as phenytoin or phenobarbital, may accelerate the elimination of metronidazole, resulting in reduced plasma levels; impaired clearance of phenytoin has also been reported.
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions
Metronidazole may interfere with certain types of determinations of serum chemistry values, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides, and glucose hexokinase. Values of zero may be observed. All of the assays in which interference has been reported involve enzymatic coupling of the assay to oxidation-reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD- NADH). Interference is due to the similarity in absorbance peaks of NADH (340 nm) and metronidazole (322 nm) at pH 7.
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Clindamycin?
Clinical trials
Non-pregnant Women: In clinical trials involving non-pregnant women, 1.8% of 600 patients who received treatment with clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream 2% for 3 days and 2.7% of 1325 patients who received treatment for 7 days discontinued therapy due to drug-related adverse events. Medical events judged to be related, probably related, possibly related, or of unknown relationship to vaginally administered clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream 2%, were reported for 20.7% of the patients receiving treatment for 3 days and 21.3% of the patients receiving treatment for 7 days. Events occurring in ≥1% of patients receiving clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream 2% are shown in Table 1.
Table 1- Events Occurring in ≥1% of Non-pregnant Patients Receiving Clindamycin Phosphate Vaginal Cream 2%
Other events occurring in <1% of the clindamycin vaginal cream 2% groups include:
Urogenital system: vaginal discharge, metrorrhagia, urinary tract infection, endometriosis, menstrual disorder, vaginitis/vaginal infection, and vaginal pain.
Body as a whole: localized abdominal pain, generalized abdominal pain, abdominal cramps, halitosis, headache, bacterial infection, inflammatory swelling, allergic reaction, and fungal infection.
Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal disorder.
Endocrine system: hyperthyroidism.
Central nervous system: dizziness and vertigo.
Respiratory system: epistaxis.
Skin: pruritus (non-application site), moniliasis, rash, maculopapular rash, erythema, and urticaria.
Special senses: taste perversion.
Pregnant Women: In a clinical trial involving pregnant women during the second trimester, 1.7% of 180 patients who received treatment for 7 days discontinued therapy due to drug-related adverse events. Medical events judged to be related, probably related, possibly related, or of unknown relationship to vaginally administered clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream 2%, were reported for 22.8% of pregnant patients. Events occurring in ≥1% of patients receiving either clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream 2% or placebo are shown in Table 2.
Table 2- Events Occurring in ≥1% of Pregnant Patients Receiving Clindamycin Phosphate Vaginal Cream 2% or Placebo
Other events occurring in <1% of the clindamycin vaginal cream 2% group include:
Urogenital system: dysuria, metrorrhagia, vaginal pain, and trichomonal vaginitis.
Body as a whole: upper respiratory infection.
Skin: pruritus (topical application site) and erythema.
Other clindamycin formulations:
Clindamycin vaginal cream affords minimal peak serum levels and systemic exposure (AUCs) of clindamycin compared to 100 mg oral clindamycin dosing. Although these lower levels of exposure are less likely to produce the common reactions seen with oral clindamycin, the possibility of these and other reactions cannot be excluded presently. Data from well-controlled trials directly comparing clindamycin administered orally to clindamycin administered vaginally are not available.
The following adverse reactions and altered laboratory tests have been reported with the oral or parenteral use of clindamycin:
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Hematopoietic: Transient neutropenia (leukopenia), eosinophilia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia have been reported. No direct etiologic relationship to concurrent clindamycin therapy could be made in any of these reports.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Maculopapular rash and urticaria have been observed during drug therapy. Generalized mild to moderate morbilliform-like skin rashes are the most frequently reported of all adverse reactions. Rare instances of erythema multiforme, some resembling Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been associated with clindamycin. A few cases of anaphylactoid reactions have been reported. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued.
Liver: Jaundice and abnormalities in liver function tests have been observed during clindamycin therapy.
Musculoskeletal: Rare instances of polyarthritis have been reported.
Renal: Although no direct relationship of clindamycin to renal damage has been established, renal dysfunction as evidenced by azotemia, oliguria, and/or proteinuria has been observed in rare instances.
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Clotrimazole?
Applies to clotrimazole: lozenge/troche
In addition to its needed effects, some unwanted effects may be caused by clotrimazole (the active ingredient contained in Clotrimazole). In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention.
Minor Side Effects
Some of the side effects that can occur with clotrimazole may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:
More common:
Note: Some of the side effects, such as abdominal or stomach cramping or pain or diarrhea, usually occur only when the medicine is swallowed
- Abdominal or stomach cramping or pain
- diarrhea
- itching
- nausea or vomiting
- unpleasant mouth sensations
See also:
What are the possible side effects of Metronidazole?
Two serious adverse reactions reported in patients treated with Metronidazole (metronidazole) have been convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy, the latter characterized mainly by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity. Since persistent peripheral neuropathy has been reported in some patients receiving prolonged administration of Metronidazole, patients should be specifically warned about these reactions and should be told to stop the drug and report immediately to their physicians if any neu-rologic symptoms occur.
The most common adverse reactions reported have been referable to the gastrointestinal tract, particularly nausea reported by about 12% of patients, sometimes accompanied by headache, anorexia, and occasionally vomiting; diarrhea; epi-gastric distress; and abdominal cramping. Constipation has also been reported.
The following reactions have also been reported during treatment with Metronidazole (metronidazole):
Mouth: A sharp, unpleasant metallic taste is not unusual. Furry tongue, glossitis, and sto-matitis have occurred; these may be associated with a sudden overgrowth of Candida which may occur during therapy.
Hematopoietic: Reversible neutropenia (leuko-penia); rarely, reversible thrombocytopenia.
Cardiovascular: Flattening of the T-wave may be seen in electrocardiographic tracings.
Central Nervous System: Convulsive seizures, peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, vertigo, incoordination, ataxia, confusion, irritability, depression, weakness, and insomnia.
Hypersensitivity: Urticaria, erythematous rash, flushing, nasal congestion, dryness of the mouth (or vagina or vulva), and fever.
Renal: Dysuria, cystitis, polyuria, incontinence, and a sense of pelvic pressure. Instances of darkened urine have been reported by approximately one patient in 100,000. Although the pigment which is probably responsible for this phenomenon has not been positively identified, it is almost certainly a metabolite of metronidazole and seems to have no clinical significance.
Other: Proliferation of Candida in the vagina, dyspareunia, decrease of libido, proctitis, and fleeting joint pains sometimes resembling &ldquoserum sickness.” If patients receiving Metronidazole drink alcoholic beverages, they may experience abdominal distress, nausea, vomiting, flushing, or headache. A modification of the taste of alcoholic beverages has also been reported. Rare cases of pan-creatitis, which generally abated on withdrawal of the drug, have been reported.
Crohn’s disease patients are known to have an increased incidence of gastrointestinal and certain extraintestinal cancers. There have been some reports in the medical literature of breast and colon cancer in Crohn’s disease patients who have been treated with metronidazole at high doses for extended periods of time. A cause and effect relationship has not been established. Crohn’s disease is not an approved indication for Metronidazole.
Clindamycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent compound lincomycin.
Clindamycin phosphate is a water soluble ester of clindamycin and phosphoric acid.
Clindamycin phosphate is L-threo-α-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6, 7, 8-trideoxy-6-[[(1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl] amino]-1-thio-, 2-(dihydrogen phosphate), (2S-trans)-.
The molecular formula is C18H34CIN2O8PS and the molecular weight is 504.96.
Clindamycin hydrochloride is the hydrated hydrochloride salt of clindamycin. Clindamycin hydrochloride is Methyl 7-chloro-6, 7, 8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside monohydrochloride.
Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is a water soluble salt of ester of clindamycin and palmitic acid. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is Methyl 7-chloro-6, 7, 8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside 2-palmitate monohydrochloride.
Clotrimazole is used as a topical ointment or cream in the treatment of Tinea infections. Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections caused by three species of fungi collectively known as dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Commonly these infections are named for the body part affected, including tinea corporis (general skin), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea pedis (feet). Clotrimazole is a halogenated phenolic ether administered topically for dermotaphytic infections. The mechanism of action is unknown, but also presumed to interfere with yeast membrane structure and function.
Each 100 mL contains metronidazole USP 500 mg, sodium chloride USP 0.72% w/v, water for injection USP as needed.
Metronidazole injection, USP is a parenteral dosage form of the synthetic antibacterial agent 1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. The empirical formula is C6H9N3O3 and the molecular weight is 171.15.
Metronidazole injection, USP in 100 mL is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, iso-osmotic, buffered solution of 500 mg metronidazole, USP, 790 mg sodium chloride, USP, 47.6 mg dried dibasic sodium phosphate, USP and 22.9 mg anhydrous citric acid, USP. Metronidazole injection, USP has an osmolarity of 310 mOsmol/L (calc) and a pH of 5.5 (4.5 to 7).