Cinaryl

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Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Cinaryl

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active ingredient Cinnarizine
Form Oral Tablet
Pharmacological class Antihistamine, Labyrinthine Sedative
General purpose Alleviating symptoms of balance disturbance
Origin Synthetic Compound

What Type of Medicine is Cinaryl (Cinnarizine)?

Cinaryl is an oral preparation, most commonly manufactured as a tablet, that contains the single active ingredient, Cinnarizine. As a synthetic compound, Cinnarizine is derived from the Diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative group, placing it within the broader class of antihistamine drugs that function primarily as Histamine H1 receptor antagonists.

Despite its chemical classification, Cinnarizine is clinically designated as a monotherapy used as a labyrinthine sedative and anti-vertigo agent. This unique positioning sets it apart from typical allergy medications, focusing its action on the internal systems responsible for detecting and managing motion, a role reflected in its grouping within Antivertigo preparations by international health bodies.

Cinnarizine’s Unique Pharmacological Classification

The therapeutic role of Cinnarizine is substantially defined by its ability to act as a non-specific calcium channel blocker in addition to its H1-antagonism. This dual pharmacological action means the medicine is also categorized as a vasoactive substance, a term that recognizes its ability to promote smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral blood vessels.

This specific vasoactive mechanism helps improve microcirculation to structures crucial for balance. The general use scenario where this is relevant involves managing temporary functional impairment of the inner ear, such as that leading to chronic sensations of dizziness or motion sickness.

What is the General Purpose of a Labyrinthine Sedative?

The general purpose of a drug categorized as a labyrinthine sedative is to stabilize the sense of balance by helping to calm the overactivity originating from the inner ear’s balance center (the vestibular apparatus). By reducing the signaling from this sensitive system, Cinnarizine helps mitigate confusing sensory information.

This action directly enables the general benefit of the drug, which is to help alleviate feelings of vertigo, dizziness, and other discomforts that arise from an overstimulated or unstable vestibular system. Clinically, this mechanism is recognized for its utility in situations where a patient experiences transient vestibular instability.

What side effects are possible with Cinaryl?

Possible side effects and safety information

The official safety profile of Cinaryl (Cinnarizine) is classified by adverse reactions and system-organ classes, based on government regulatory documentation. The likelihood of experiencing a reaction is defined using a regulatory frequency scale.

Documented Adverse Reactions and Frequency

System-Organ Class Common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10) Uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100)
Nervous System Somnolence (Drowsiness) Hypersomnia, Fatigue
Gastrointestinal Nausea Vomiting, Upper Abdominal Pain, Dyspepsia
Investigations Weight Increased

The sedative effects, such as Somnolence, are typically observed more frequently at the start of treatment. Gastrointestinal discomfort, including Nausea, may be mitigated by taking the medicine after food, as noted in high-level regulatory safety summaries.

Exposure-Related and Serious Safety Concerns

For patients on prolonged treatment, the official labeling notes an increased risk of specific adverse reactions. These include Extrapyramidal Disorder symptoms (e.g., Parkinsonism, Dyskinesia, Tremor), which are a particular concern for older adults.

Very rare, serious adverse reactions documented in regulatory sources include Cholestatic Jaundice (a liver condition) and specific dermatological issues such as Lichen Planus and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus, which are also associated with extended exposure.

Population and Constraint Notes

The label specifies that caution is required for individuals with pre-existing Parkinson's disease as Cinnarizine may aggravate symptoms. The medicine must be used with care in patients with hepatic (liver) or renal (kidney) insufficiency. Furthermore, the sedative effects may be potentiated if the medicine is taken concurrently with alcohol or other Central Nervous System depressants.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

Official regulatory information describes a Cinaryl (Cinnarizine) overdose as potentially serious, requiring immediate medical attention. The officially documented manifestations primarily involve severe Central Nervous System (CNS) effects. These can include profound CNS depression, such as somnolence, stupor, and coma, alongside signs of CNS excitation, including extrapyramidal symptoms and tremor.

Life-Threatening Risks and Emergency Action

The regulatory profile explicitly notes that severe complications, including seizures or convulsions, have been observed, particularly in young children. Furthermore, cases of deaths have been reported following both single-agent and polydrug overdoses.

Regulatory authorities mandate that you seek immediate medical attention for any suspected overdose. This includes calling emergency services if symptoms escalate, such as experiencing a very fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat. Due to the severity of documented outcomes, patients may require observation in a healthcare facility.

Management and Antidote Status

The official approach to overdose management is strictly symptomatic and supportive care. The regulatory basis for this is the explicit statement that no specific antidote is known for Cinnarizine overdose. Procedures to reduce absorption, such as gastric lavage and the administration of activated charcoal, may be used as officially described supportive measures.

Therapeutic Uses of Cinaryl

Main Uses of Cinaryl

Cinaryl is a combination medication primarily used for the symptomatic relief of conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract. It is formulated to address discomfort associated with the common cold, hay fever, and other allergies. By combining active ingredients with different mechanisms of action, it provides a multifaceted approach to symptom management.

Nasal and Sinus Congestion

One of the primary applications of Cinaryl is the reduction of nasal congestion. It acts on the blood vessels in the nasal passages to decrease swelling and inflammation. This process helps to open the airways, making breathing easier for individuals experiencing stuffiness due to viral infections or allergic reactions. Additionally, it may assist in relieving sinus pressure and the associated discomfort in the facial area.

Allergic Rhinitis and Hay Fever

Cinaryl is frequently used to manage symptoms of allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever. It helps to counteract the body's response to environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. In this context, the medication works to alleviate:

  • Sneezing: Reducing the frequency of sudden, involuntary air expulsions.
  • Rhinorrhea: Controlling a runny nose by decreasing excessive mucus production.
  • Itchy Eyes and Throat: Providing relief from the irritation and redness often associated with allergic triggers.

Relief of Common Cold Symptoms

During a viral upper respiratory infection, Cinaryl serves to manage the cluster of symptoms that typically arise. Beyond congestion relief, the components of the medication can help lower a fever and reduce mild to moderate aches and pains, such as headaches or sore throats, which often accompany the cold or flu.

Benefits of the Combination Formula

The therapeutic benefit of Cinaryl lies in its ability to address multiple symptoms simultaneously. Rather than using separate medications for pain, congestion, and allergic responses, this integrated approach provides a broader spectrum of relief. This can lead to improved daily functioning and better rest for individuals whose sleep might otherwise be disrupted by respiratory discomfort.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility Map: Who can and cannot use Cinaryl — official regulatory information

Cinaryl is a combination medicine whose use is strictly governed by regulatory eligibility rules and contraindications, primarily due to its three active components: Chlorpheniramine, Paracetamol, and Phenylephrine.


Contraindicated Populations (Must Not Use)

Category Restriction/Condition
Allergy/Hypersensitivity Known allergy to Chlorpheniramine, Paracetamol, Phenylephrine, or any non-active ingredients.
Concurrent Drugs Patients who have taken Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within the last 14 days.

Restricted or Not Recommended Use

Category Restriction/Condition
Age Not recommended for children and adolescents under 12 years (Tablet form). Some sources state under 2 years for the tablet and neonates (under 28 days) for the suspension.
Severe Organ Impairment Patients with severe liver disease or severe liver impairment.
Cardiopulmonary Heart disease, high blood pressure, certain breathing problems (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis, acute asthma).
Other Conditions Glaucoma, diabetes, enlarged prostate gland, or gastrointestinal obstruction.

Special Considerations (Use with Caution)

The medicine requires special consideration or a dose adjustment for patients with kidney problems, general liver problems (not severe), epilepsy (increased risk of seizures), or chronic malnutrition. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally advised with caution or deemed unsafe, as the components may pose risks to the fetus or infant. Patients must avoid co-administration with other products containing paracetamol.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Cinaryl (Cinnarizine) interaction information is focused on pharmacodynamic potentiation and interference with diagnostic procedures, as documented in regulatory sources.


Interaction Scope

Category Official Regulatory Documentation
Medicinal product categories with documented interactions Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants and Tricyclic Antidepressants
Mechanistic basis of interactions Pharmacodynamic potentiation (additive CNS depressant action) and Diagnostic Interference
Timing-based interaction rules Must be discontinued up to four days prior to testing with dermal reactivity indicators
Population-specific interaction notes Risk of diagnostic interference with ototoxic drugs, such as Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Official Interaction Statements

Co-administration with CNS depressants and Tricyclic Antidepressants may potentiate the sedative effects of either medicine. This reflects an officially recognized additive depressant action.

Alcoholic drinks should be avoided concurrently due to the documented potential for potentiation of the sedative effects of Cinnarizine. This restriction is mandated in official prescribing information.

The medicine's antihistamine effect may prevent positive reactions to dermal reactivity indicators if used within the designated time separation. Additionally, Cinnarizine could mask the warning signs of damage caused by ototoxic drugs, which is a population-specific interaction concern noted in regulatory documents.

This structure reflects the regulatory assessment of clinically relevant interaction outcomes, defining constraints on co-administration with sedating substances and mandatory timing separation for diagnostic tests.

Mechanism of Action

Peripheral Stabilization: Ca^2+ Channel Blockade

Cinnarizine acts as an inhibitor of Voltage-Gated Ca^2+ Channels located in the vestibular sensory hair cells of the inner ear. By reducing the influx of calcium ions, this mechanism stabilizes the cell membranes, dampening the exaggerated signal generation from the balance organ. This action contributes to the regulation of activity within peripheral balance pathways.


Central Suppression: H1 and D2 Receptor Antagonism

The central mechanism involves the drug acting as an antagonist at Histamine H1 receptors and, secondarily, at Dopamine D2 receptors within the brain's vestibular nuclei and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ). Blocking these central excitatory inputs modulates the central reflex arc responsible for processing motion signals and regulating the emetic response. This activity contributes to the suppression of overactive central pathways.


Vasoactivity and Microcirculation Modulation

The drug's Ca^2+ channel blockade also extends to the vascular smooth muscle, promoting vasodilation by inhibiting Ca^2+ influx required for contraction. This action modulates vasoconstrictor activity, contributing to the maintenance of microcirculation to the structures of the inner ear.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to Use Cinaryl

Cinaryl (Cinnarizine) is an oral medication administered as a tablet, with available strengths typically including 15 mg, 25 mg, and 75 mg. The dosage and frequency are determined by the condition being managed, which establishes distinct usage patterns for chronic balance disorders versus acute motion sickness prevention.


Dosing and Administration Schedules

The usage instructions define the specific quantities and timing for administration:

Condition Typical Adult Dosing Regimen Frequency Pattern
Balance Disorders 25 mg (or 30 mg) Three times daily (TID)
Motion Sickness 25 mg (or 30 mg) initial dose Intermittent, every 6 to 8 hours as needed during travel

The maximum recommended dose for adults should not exceed 225 mg in a 24-hour period.


Administration Context and Specific Populations

To help maintain digestive comfort, the medication should preferably be taken after meals (with food). The tablets are typically swallowed whole with water but, depending on the formulation, may also be sucked or chewed.

Age-Specific Use: The standard dose for children aged 5 to 11 years is generally set at half the adult dose, adhering to reductions in the total milligrams administered to pediatric patients. For inner ear issues, the course of treatment may span several months, while use for motion sickness is short-term and intermittent. If a regular dose is missed, the general practice is to skip it and take the next scheduled dose at the correct time, rather than taking a double dose.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Cinaryl

Evidence for Symptomatic Management of Vestibular Vertigo

This section summarizes the research designs, including older Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, that have examined how Cinnarizine was evaluated in studies for the subjective and objective measures of vestibular vertigo and associated symptoms like nausea.

Studies were used in research exploring how symptoms change over time in adult populations diagnosed with various disorders of the balance system. Findings describe patterns observed in the studies over short-term periods, often lasting a few weeks. The evidence available for Cinnarizine used alone (monotherapy) for chronic vertigo is limited, as much of the more recent research has focused on fixed-dose combination products that include Cinnarizine.

What remains uncertain is the extent of findings when Cinnarizine is used alone, compared to studies involving combination products. Also, long-term effects are not fully established; the research provides limited information regarding the durability of the observations beyond a few months of follow-up.


Research on Motion Sickness Prophylaxis

This part focuses on the controlled clinical studies, conducted in both experimental and natural motion environments, that have investigated how Cinnarizine was studied for prophylaxis—a term referring to prevention—of motion sickness symptoms before or during travel.

Cinnarizine was studied for its use as prophylaxis in healthy volunteers. The data describe patterns observed when Cinnarizine was administered shortly before anticipated motion, in trials that monitored patient-reported outcomes describing perceived discomfort, such as nausea and vomiting. The research is limited in describing the effect of Cinnarizine on resolving motion sickness symptoms once they have already developed, as most studies focus on prevention.


Study Landscape for Ménière's Disease

This section outlines the smaller comparative studies and clinical observations that have tracked the symptomatic relief offered by Cinnarizine in adult patients with Ménière's disease. These studies explored outcomes capturing phases of heightened symptom activity, such as the frequency of vertigo attacks. Findings report how symptoms evolved in the observed populations during the study period. However, when compared to other pharmacological agents, the results were mixed or inconsistent. The studies do not characterize any potential effect Cinnarizine may have on the underlying progression of the disease.


What Is Still Uncertain About Cinnarizine Monotherapy

A frequent research limitation is that comparative evidence is limited for Cinnarizine when used alone. Many of the most robust and recent systematic reviews specifically examine combination products that include Cinnarizine. Therefore, the certainty remains low when isolating the contribution of Cinnarizine as a monotherapy for certain chronic balance disorders.

Key Studies & References WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System - Labyrinthine Sedatives

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Cinaryl (FAQ)

Q: How quickly does Cinaryl start to work after taking it?

According to official product information, Cinnarizine is typically absorbed within a few hours, with the highest concentration in the blood occurring approximately 2 to 4 hours after you take the tablet. Official product information for motion sickness often suggests administration approximately two hours before travel, aligning with the typical time it takes to reach maximum concentration.

Q: Are there any serious long-term side effects associated with Cinaryl use?

Official product labeling highlights that prolonged treatment may be associated with an increased risk for certain serious adverse reactions. These include Extrapyramidal Disorder symptoms, such as involuntary movements or tremor, which are a particular concern for older adults. Very rare serious reactions, such as Cholestatic Jaundice (a liver condition) and specific dermatological issues, have also been documented with extended exposure.

Q: Does Cinaryl interact with common painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol?

Regulatory documents specifically list interactions with medicines that are Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants, such as certain sedatives or tranquillizers. Common painkillers like ibuprofen and paracetamol are generally not classified as CNS depressants. It is important that a healthcare provider is made aware of all over-the-counter medicines being taken, as this allows for a proper safety assessment.

Q: Does taking Cinaryl affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

Official warnings state that Cinaryl may cause drowsiness and reduced concentration, which can be made worse by consuming alcohol or other sedating medicines. Regulatory guidance advises caution, as operating hazardous machinery or driving motor vehicles may be impacted if an individual experiences these effects.

Q: Are there specific vitamins or supplements that interact badly with Cinaryl?

Regulatory guidance advises caution when taking Cinnarizine with any herbal remedies or supplements, particularly those that are known to cause sedative effects. Combining these products may lead to an additive effect that increases the likelihood or severity of side effects. Consultation with a pharmacist is important before combining Cinnarizine with supplements to ensure safe use.

Q: What happens if you suddenly stop taking Cinaryl?

For individuals who have been taking Cinaryl regularly for a balance disorder over several months, stopping the medication abruptly may cause the original symptoms to return. While the drug is not associated with a typical physical withdrawal syndrome, decisions about stopping continuous treatment are best discussed with a healthcare professional.

Q: What is the shelf life of Cinaryl, and how should it be stored?

The approved shelf life for Cinnarizine tablets is typically 24 months from the date of manufacture. To maintain the product's stability, the tablets must be stored below 25 C and kept in their original container, protected from excessive light and moisture. As with all medications, it must be stored out of the sight and reach of children and should not be refrigerated or frozen.

Q: What is the typical time frame for noticing the full benefits of Cinaryl?

The time frame for noticing the full therapeutic benefits may vary depending on the condition being treated. For chronic inner ear or balance disorders, the course of treatment often spans several months before the maximum benefit is seen. For motion sickness, the effect is noticeable shortly after taking the dose, but continuous conditions require ongoing monitoring.

Q: Can Cinaryl make you feel dizzy or lightheaded?

Although Cinaryl is used to alleviate feelings of dizziness, the official safety profile lists Somnolence (drowsiness) as a common side effect. Feeling suddenly very dizzy or lightheaded is not a typical side effect at the recommended dose and, if severe, is documented as a rare sign that may require medical attention.

Q: Does Cinaryl need to be taken with food, or can I take it on an empty stomach?

Official administration instructions recommend that Cinaryl should preferably be taken after meals or with some food. This is advised because the medicine can sometimes cause nausea or epigastric discomfort, and taking it with food helps diminish this gastric irritation.

Q: What should I do if I miss a dose of Cinaryl?

Regulatory guidance on missed doses generally suggests skipping the forgotten dose and taking the next scheduled dose at the proper time. It is important not to take a double dose to compensate for the one you missed, as this may increase the risk of side effects.

Q: Can Cinaryl cause weight gain or loss?

Official regulatory documents list Weight Increased as a common side effect of Cinaryl. There is no mention of weight loss in the official safety profile. Any concerns about changes in weight are best addressed with a healthcare provider.

Q: Can Cinaryl cause an allergic reaction, and what are the signs?

Yes, known allergy to Cinnarizine or its components is a contraindication. Signs of a severe allergic reaction that require immediate medical attention include sudden difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, neck, tongue, or throat, or a sudden, severe skin rash.

Q: Are there any studies showing Cinaryl's effectiveness in elderly patients?

While the safety information notes that older adults are particularly susceptible to extrapyramidal symptoms during prolonged use, clinical trials for related combination products that include Cinnarizine have involved patients in the older age groups. Official sources recognize the need for caution when the drug is administered to this population.

Q: Why does Cinaryl have a black box warning, if any?

Regulatory documents for Cinnarizine generally do not include a black box warning, which is the most serious safety warning issued by the FDA. Standard warnings cover common side effects like drowsiness and the need for careful use in patients with pre-existing conditions like Parkinson's disease.

Q: Why is Cinaryl sometimes taken 'as needed' and other times continuously?

The required frequency is determined by the condition being treated. For acute issues like motion sickness, the medicine is taken intermittently and 'as needed' before travel. For chronic conditions such as certain balance disorders, it must be taken continuously and regularly to maintain a consistent therapeutic effect.

Q: Does Cinaryl have any warning about sun sensitivity?

Rare adverse reactions have been documented that involve dermatological issues such as a red, lumpy, or itchy rash on skin areas exposed to sunlight. This suggests a potential for photosensitivity, meaning skin may be more sensitive to the sun while taking this medication.

Q: Can Cinaryl affect blood pressure levels?

The drug's mechanism of action involves anti-vasoconstrictor properties that are documented to result in anti-vasoconstrictor effects without significant effect on blood pressure and heart rate at therapeutic doses. However, caution is advised in regulatory information for patients who have pre-existing hypotension (low blood pressure).

Q: Is Cinaryl available as a liquid or chewable form?

Cinaryl is primarily an oral tablet. While some approved formulations allow the tablet to be sucked or chewed for ease of administration, official labeling primarily describes Cinnarizine as an oral tablet, and it is generally not available in liquid form.

Q: Can Cinaryl be crushed or split if someone has trouble swallowing pills?

Official administration instructions state that the tablets can typically be swallowed whole, sucked, or chewed. Crushing or splitting tablets is not explicitly authorized in regulatory documents. Any modification should be verified with a pharmacist to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Q: Are there generic versions of Cinaryl available?

Yes, Cinnarizine, the active ingredient in Cinaryl, is widely available internationally under various generic and brand names. Regulatory assessments confirm that generic formulations of Cinnarizine exist and are marketed globally.

Q: Does Cinaryl interfere with flu shots or other vaccinations?

While specific interactions with common immunizations are not typically detailed in regulatory documents, it is generally advised that individuals inform their healthcare providers about all medications they are taking before any scheduled vaccinations or surgery.

Q: Can Cinaryl cause mouth dryness or a strange taste?

Cinnarizine is an antihistamine, a class of drugs with known antimuscarinic effects, which can sometimes cause dry mouth. Although mouth dryness is not listed as a common side effect for Cinaryl at therapeutic doses, it is a possibility due to the drug’s pharmacological properties.

Q: Does Cinaryl have a risk of dependence or addiction?

Cinnarizine is not generally associated with dependence. However, caution is noted in regulatory information regarding some medications in this class for patients with a history of substance abuse, as certain anti-emetics have a potential for misuse.

How should Cinaryl be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Cinaryl?

Storing Cinaryl (Cinnarizine) tablets requires adherence to specific conditions mandated in the official labeling to maintain product stability and safety.

Storage Requirements

Condition
Store the medicine below 25 C (77 F).
Do not refrigerate or freeze the tablets.
Keep the product out of the sight and reach of children.
Store in the original container, tightly closed, protected from light and moisture.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Cinaryl must be disposed of according to pharmaceutical waste regulations. Regulatory guidelines mandate that medicines must not be thrown away via wastewater or household refuse. To ensure environmental protection and proper disposal, unused product should be returned to a pharmacy or designated collection site.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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