Cb12

A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic Acid (Cb12) is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [PubChem]

Niacinamide (Cb12), also called as nicotinamide (vitamin B3), is prescribed for the treatment of niacin deficiency disorders including pellagra. Niacinamide (Cb12) should not be used for treatment of hyperlipidemia.

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, Vitamin C (Cb12), functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C (Cb12) is considered an antioxidant.

Folic Acid (Cb12) is used in the treatment and prevention of the folate deficiency state. It does not correct folate deficiency due to dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Folic Acid (Cb12) is also used in women of child-bearing potential and pregnant women to protect against neural tube defects in their offspring. It is also used for the treatment of folate-deficient megaloblastic anaemia, chronic haemolytic states such as thalassaemia major or sickle-cell anaemia.

For systemic use of Vitamin C (Cb12): prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis of Vitamin C (Cb12); providing increased need for Vitamin C (Cb12) during growth, pregnancy, lactation, with heavy loads, fatigue and during recovery after prolonged severe illness; in winter with an increased risk of infectious diseases.

For intravaginal use: chronic or recurrent vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis) caused by the anaerobic flora (due to changes in pH of the vagina) in order to normalize disturbed vaginal microflora.

Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Folic Acid (Cb12) (vitamin B 9) is necessary for strong blood.

Lack of Folic Acid (Cb12) may lead to anemia (weak blood). Your health care professional may treat this by prescribing Folic Acid (Cb12) for you.

Some conditions may increase your need for Folic Acid (Cb12). These include:

• Alcoholism
• Anemia, hemolytic
• Diarrhea (continuing)
• Fever (prolonged)
• Hemodialysis
• Illness (prolonged)
• Intestinal diseases
• Liver disease
• Stress (continuing)
• Surgical removal of stomach

In addition, infants smaller than normal, breast-fed infants, or those receiving unfortified formulas (such as evaporated milk or goat's milk) may need additional Folic Acid (Cb12).

Increased need for Folic Acid (Cb12) should be determined by your health care professional.

Some studies have found that Folic Acid (Cb12) taken by women before they become pregnant and during early pregnancy may reduce the chances of certain birth defects (neural tube defects).

Claims that Folic Acid (Cb12) and other B vitamins are effective for preventing mental problems have not been proven. Many of these treatments involve large and expensive amounts of vitamins.

Injectable Folic Acid (Cb12) is given by or under the direction of your health care professional. Another form of Folic Acid (Cb12) is available without a prescription.

Treating acne.

Niacinamide (Cb12) gel is a vitamin B supplement. Exactly how Niacinamide (Cb12) gel works is unknown.

• Niacinamide (Cb12) gel is for external use only. Avoid getting Niacinamide (Cb12) gel in your eyes. If you get Niacinamide (Cb12) gel in your eyes, rinse thoroughly with cool tap water.
• Follow up with your doctor after 8 to 12 weeks to monitor your progress.
• Do not use any other medicines or special cleansers on your skin unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Makeup and other acne medicines may be applied over Niacinamide (Cb12) gel as directed by your doctor.
• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Niacinamide (Cb12) gel while you are pregnant. It is not known if Niacinamide (Cb12) gel is found in breast milk after topical use. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Niacinamide (Cb12) gel, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C (Cb12)) occurs naturally in foods such as citrus fruit, tomatoes, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Vitamin C (Cb12) is important for bones and connective tissues, muscles, and blood vessels. Vitamin C (Cb12) also helps the body absorb iron, which is needed for red blood cell production.

Ascorbic acid is used to treat and prevent Vitamin C (Cb12) deficiency.

Ascorbic acid may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Usual Adult Dose for Megaloblastic Anemia

1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day. May continue until clinical symptoms of folate deficiency and the hematological profile have normalized.

Usual Adult Dose for Folic Acid (Cb12) Deficiency

400 to 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Women of childbearing age, pregnant, and lactating women: 800 mcg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Folic Acid (Cb12) Deficiency

Infant:

0.1 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Child:

Less than 4 years: up to 0.3 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

4 years or older: 0.4 mg orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or IV once a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation

Recommended daily allowance (RDA):

Premature neonates: 50 mcg/day (15 mcg/kg/day).

Full-term neonates and infants 1 to 6 months: 25 to 35 mcg/day.

Children:

1 to 3 years: 150 mcg/day.

4 to 8 years: 200 mcg/day.

9 to 13 years: 300 mcg/day.

14 years and older: 400 mcg/day.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Liver Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Dose Adjustments

Rarely, a dosage of 2 mg/day may be required, particularly in patients with malabsorption, alcoholism, chronic hemolysis, chronic exfoliative skin disease or who are on concomitant anticonvulsant therapy.

Dialysis

Folic Acid (Cb12) is removed by both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The amount removed varies with type equipment used.

Because folate may accumulate in patients with end-stage renal disease, side effects may be more likely in this patient who is undergoing dialysis. Once this patient's body stores of folate are replete, three times a week dosing may be just as beneficial as once daily dosing but should portend a lower risk of side effects.

Other Comments

The recommended daily allowance of Folic Acid (Cb12) for adult males and females ranges from 150 to 200 and 150 to 180 mcg/day, respectively.

There is a potential danger in administering Folic Acid (Cb12) to patients with undiagnosed anemia, since Folic Acid (Cb12) may obscure the diagnosis of pernicious anemia by alleviating the hematologic manifestations of the disease while allowing the neurologic complications to progress.

Severe megaloblastic anemia may require therapy for 4 to 5 weeks. Once stabilized, if dietary intake is inadequate, maintenance therapy can be started.

Applies to the following strengths: 100 mg; 500 mg

Usual Adult Dose for:

• Niacin Deficiency
• Pemphigus

Usual Pediatric Dose for:

• Niacin Deficiency
• Pemphigus

Additional dosage information:

• Renal Dose Adjustments
• Liver Dose Adjustments
• Dialysis
• Other Comments

Usual Adult Dose for Niacin Deficiency

Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):

Males: 19 mg orally each day

Females: 13 mg orally each day

Initial dose: 100 mg orally 3 times a day, with or after meals

Maintenance dose: 100 to 500 mg orally up to 3 times a day, with or after meals

Niacinamide (Cb12) has toxic potential at adult doses in excess of 3 g/day.

Niacinamide (Cb12) may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for adults contain 40 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients 11 years and older requiring parenteral vitamins.

Usual Adult Dose for Pemphigus

Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):

Males: 19 mg orally each day

Females: 13 mg orally each day

Initial dose: 100 mg orally 3 times a day, with or after meals

Maintenance dose: 100 to 500 mg orally up to 3 times a day, with or after meals

Niacinamide (Cb12) has toxic potential at adult doses in excess of 3 g/day.

Niacinamide (Cb12) may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for adults contain 40 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients 11 years and older requiring parenteral vitamins.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Niacin Deficiency

Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):

0 to 6 months: 5 mg orally each day

6 months to 1 year: 6 mg orally each day

1 to 3 years: 9 mg orally each day

4 to 6 years: 12 mg orally each day

7 to 10 years: 13 mg orally each day

Males:

11 to 14 years: 17 mg orally each day

15 to 18 years: 20 mg orally each day

19 to 50 years: 19 mg orally each day

Females:

11 to 50 years: 13 mg orally each day

Niacinamide (Cb12) may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for children contain 17 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients under 11 years of age.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pemphigus

Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA):

0 to 6 months: 5 mg orally each day

6 months to 1 year: 6 mg orally each day

1 to 3 years: 9 mg orally each day

4 to 6 years: 12 mg orally each day

7 to 10 years: 13 mg orally each day

Males:

11 to 14 years: 17 mg orally each day

15 to 18 years: 20 mg orally each day

19 to 50 years: 19 mg orally each day

Females:

11 to 50 years: 13 mg orally each day

Niacinamide (Cb12) may also be administered parenterally as a component of injectable multivitamin additives contained in parenteral nutrition products. All existing parenteral vitamin products for children contain 17 mg/vial, which is the dose recommended by the American Medical Association/Nutrition Advisory Group for patients under 11 years of age.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Data not available

Liver Dose Adjustments

Because Niacinamide (Cb12) is primarily metabolized by the liver and because of the risk of hepatotoxicity, Niacinamide (Cb12) in not recommended in patients with liver dysfunction.

Dialysis

Data not available

Other Comments

Taking Niacinamide (Cb12) with food may reduce stomach upset.

Niacinamide (Cb12) should not be taken with hot drinks.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

More about Niacinamide (Cb12)

• Niacinamide (Cb12) Side Effects
• During Pregnancy
• Drug Interactions
• Support Group
• 1 Review
• Drug class: vitamins

Consumer resources

• Niacinamide (Cb12)
• Niacinamide (Cb12) Extended-Release Tablets

Related treatment guides

• Niacin Deficiency
• Pemphigus

This medication administered orally, IM, IV, intravaginally.

For the prevention of deficiency conditions Vitamin C (Cb12) dose is 25-75 mg / day, for the treatment - 250 mg / day or more in divided doses.

For intravaginal used ascorbic acid drugs in appropriate dosage forms.

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Folic Acid (Cb12)?

Because it may mask the hematologic abnormalities while neurological damage progresses, Folic Acid (Cb12) should not be used in the therapy of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency of any cause, unless there is associated folate deficiency. The Folic Acid (Cb12) content of one tablet a day however, is unlikely to mask pernicious anemia should this condition be present. Also, pregnancy during pernicious anemia is very rare.

See also:
What is the most important information I should know about Vitamin C (Cb12)?

AV-block II and III degree, sinoatrial block, SSS, bradycardia (HR < 40 bpm), hypotension (in case of myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg), cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure IIB-III stages, acute heart failure, Prinzmetal's angina, lactation, concomitant use of MAO inhibitors, hypersensitivity to atenolol.

Use Folic Acid (Cb12) as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Folic Acid (Cb12) may be administered as an injection by your health care professional.
• If you are using Folic Acid (Cb12) at home, carefully follow the injection procedures taught to you by your health care provider. If the medicine contains particles, is discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.
• Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain local regulations for selecting an appropriate container and properly disposing of the container when full.
• If you miss a dose of Folic Acid (Cb12), use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Folic Acid (Cb12).

Use Niacinamide (Cb12) gel as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Wash the affected area with a mild cleanser or other cleansing product prescribed by your doctor and completely dry.
• Apply a thin layer of the medicine to the affected area twice daily or as directed by your doctor. Gently rub the medicine in until it is evenly distributed.
• Wash your hands immediately after using Niacinamide (Cb12) gel.
• If you miss a dose of Niacinamide (Cb12) gel, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Niacinamide (Cb12) gel.

Folic Acid (Cb12) is the man-made form of folate. Folate is a B-vitamin naturally found in some foods. It is needed to form healthy cells, especially red blood cells.

Folic Acid (Cb12) supplements may come in different forms (such as L-methylfolate, levomefolate, methyltetrahydrofolate). They are used to treat or prevent low folate levels. Low folate levels can lead to certain types of anemia. Conditions that can cause low folate levels include poor diet, pregnancy, alcoholism, liver disease, certain stomach/intestinal problems, kidney dialysis, among others. Women of childbearing age should receive adequate amounts of Folic Acid (Cb12) either through their diet or supplements to prevent infant spinal cord birth defects.

How to use Folic Acid (Cb12)

Take this product by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. If you are taking the over-the-counter product, follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take this product more often than directed.

Take this product regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. Follow the diet plan recommended by your doctor or dietician. See also Notes section.

If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

To treat Hartnup disease (light sensitive skin rashes), inflammatory skin disease, vitamin deficiency, anxiety and Alzheimer’s disease (disorder that causes mental confusion and forgetfulness). It is also used in combination with intravenous vitamin C therapy for cancer.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C (Cb12)) is used to prevent or treat low levels of Vitamin C (Cb12) in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra ascorbic acid. Low levels of Vitamin C (Cb12) can result in a condition called scurvy. Scurvy may cause symptoms such as rash, muscle weakness, joint pain, tiredness, or tooth loss.

Vitamin C (Cb12) plays an important role in the body. It is needed to maintain the health of skin, cartilage, teeth, bone, and blood vessels. It is also used to protect your body's cells from damage. It is known as an antioxidant.

OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.

This vitamin may also be used with other vitamins for a certain eye condition (macular degeneration).

How to use Vitamin C (Cb12)

Take this vitamin by mouth with or without food, usually 1 to 2 times daily. Follow all directions on the product package, or take as directed by your doctor.

If you are taking the extended-release capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing. Take this product with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise.

If you are taking the wafers or chewable tablets, chew them thoroughly and then swallow. If you are taking the lozenges, place the lozenge in your mouth and allow it to slowly dissolve.

If you are taking the powder, mix it thoroughly in the proper amount of liquid and stir well. Drink all of the liquid right away. Do not prepare a supply for future use. If you are using the liquid form of this vitamin, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Use this vitamin regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

If you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.

See also:
What other drugs will affect Folic Acid (Cb12)?

Medications that interfere with your bodys ability to use folate may also increase the need for this vitamin. Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin, and primidone) metformin (sometimes prescribed to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes) sulfasalazine (used to control inflammation associated with Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis) triamterene (a diuretic) Methotrexate There has been concern about the interaction between vitamin B12 and Folic Acid (Cb12). Folic Acid (Cb12) supplements can correct the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Unfortunately, Folic Acid (Cb12) will not correct changes in the nervous system that result from vitamin B12 deficiency. Permanent nerve damage could theoretically occur if vitamin B12 deficiency is not treated. Therefore, intake of supplemental Folic Acid (Cb12) should not exceed 1000 micrograms (g, sometimes mcg) per day to prevent Folic Acid (Cb12) from masking symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important for older adults to be aware of the relationship between Folic Acid (Cb12) and vitamin B12 because they are at greater risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency. If you are 50 years of age or older, ask your physician to check your B12 status before you take a supplement that contains Folic Acid (Cb12).

See also:
What other drugs will affect Vitamin C (Cb12)?

In an application with barbiturates, primidone increases the excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives reduces the concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma.

In an application of Vitamin C (Cb12) with iron preparations ascorbic acid, due to its regenerative properties, transforms ferric iron in the bivalent, which improves its absorption.

Ascorbic acid in high doses can decrease urine pH that while the application reduces the tubular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants.

With the simultaneous use of aspirin reduces the absorption of ascorbic acid by about a third.

Vitamin C (Cb12) in an application with warfarin may decrease effects of warfarin.

With the simultaneous application of ascorbic acid increases the excretion of iron in patients receiving deferoxamine. In the application of ascorbic acid at a dose of 500 mg / day possibly left ventricular dysfunction.

In an application with tetracycline is increased excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.

There is a described case of reducing the concentration of fluphenazine in plasma in patients treated with ascorbic acid 500 mg 2 times / day.

May increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma in its simultaneous application in the oral contraceptives.

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Folic Acid (Cb12)?

Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Folic Acid (Cb12).

Folic Acid (Cb12) is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic Acid (Cb12) preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. One patient experienced symptoms suggesting anaphylaxis following injection of the drug. Gastrointestinal side effects, including anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, flatulence, and a bitter or bad taste, have been reported in patients receiving 15 mg Folic Acid (Cb12) daily for 1 month. Other side effects reported in patients receiving 15 mg daily include altered sleep patterns, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, overactivity, excitement, mental depression, confusion, and impaired judgment. Decreased vitamin B12 serum levels may occur in patients receiving prolonged Folic Acid (Cb12) therapy.

In an uncontrolled study, orally administered Folic Acid (Cb12) was reported to increase the incidence of seizures in some epileptic patients receiving phenobarbital, primidone, or diphenylhydantoin. Another investigator reported decreased diphenylhydantoin serum levels in folate-deficient patients receiving diphenylhydantoin who were treated with 5 mg or 15 mg of Folic Acid (Cb12) daily.

CALL YOUR DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL ADVICE ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS. YOU MAY REPORT SIDE EFFECTS TO THE FDA AT 1-800-FDA-1088 OR LEADING PHARMA, LLC AT 844-740-7500.

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Niacinamide (Cb12)?

Applies to Niacinamide (Cb12): tablets

Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Diarrhea; dizziness; headache; itching; nausea; stomach upset; temporary feeling of warmth or flushing of the skin.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur while taking Niacinamide (Cb12):

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black, tarry, or bloody stools; changes in vision; dark urine; decreased urination; fast or irregular heartbeat; loss of appetite; muscle pain or weakness; numbness or persistent tingling of the skin; persistent nausea, vomiting, or general "unwell" feeling; severe or prolonged flushing of the skin; stomach pain; swelling of the hands, legs, or feet; vomit that looks like coffee grounds; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

See also:
What are the possible side effects of Vitamin C (Cb12)?

Applies to ascorbic acid: oral capsule, oral capsule extended release, oral capsule liquid filled, oral granule, oral liquid, oral lozenge/troche, oral powder, oral powder for solution, oral powder for suspension, oral solution, oral syrup, oral tablet, oral tablet chewable, oral tablet extended release, oral wafer

As well as its needed effects, ascorbic acid (the active ingredient contained in Vitamin C (Cb12)) may cause unwanted side effects that require medical attention.

Severity: Moderate

If any of the following side effects occur while taking ascorbic acid, check with your doctor or nurse as soon as possible:

Less common or rare: - with high doses

• Side or lower back pain

Minor Side Effects

Some ascorbic acid side effects may not need any medical attention. As your body gets used to the medicine these side effects may disappear. Your health care professional may be able to help you prevent or reduce these side effects, but do check with them if any of the following side effects continue, or if you are concerned about them:

Less common or rare: - with high doses

• Diarrhea
• dizziness or faintness (with the injection only)
• flushing or redness of skin
• headache
• increase in urination (mild)
• nausea or vomiting
• stomach cramps