Barocef

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Medically reviewed

Rosario Oropesa

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Barocef

Property Description
Active ingredient Cefuroxime (Cefuroxime axetil or Cefuroxime sodium)
Form Tablets, oral suspension, powder for injection
Pharmacological class beta-Lactam antibiotic
Pharmacological subclass Second-generation cephalosporin
Origin Semi-synthetic
Common use Systemic bacterial infections

What Type of Medicine is Barocef and What is its Purpose?

Barocef is a prescription-only medicine that provides antimicrobial therapy through its active ingredient Cefuroxime. This substance is formally classified as a second-generation cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic. This antimicrobial agent functions as a bactericidal agent, meaning its intended purpose is the active killing of susceptible microorganisms throughout the body.

The Cefuroxime preparation is clinically recognized for its utility in treating a variety of systemic bacterial infections, such as those affecting the respiratory or urinary tract. Cefuroxime is included on lists of essential medicines.

Composition, Origin, and Available Forms

The Cefuroxime substance is a semi-synthetic compound, meaning it is a chemically derived cephalosporin derivative rather than a naturally occurring substance. Barocef is a single-ingredient product available in several dosage forms.

These forms include tablets and an oral suspension for oral route of administration, where the pro-drug Cefuroxime axetil is used to enhance absorption. This axetil form is a key feature, differentiating oral Cefuroxime preparations by offering superior bioavailability compared to older antibiotic formulations. For intravenous delivery, the direct-acting salt Cefuroxime sodium is prepared as a powder for injection for parenteral use.

The Cefuroxime Advantage: A Bactericidal Mechanism

Cefuroxime exerts its function as a bactericidal agent by inhibiting the final stage of cell wall synthesis in bacteria. It achieves this by binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This destructive mechanism is why Cefuroxime is frequently selected over bacteriostatic agents.

Crucially, Cefuroxime possesses a key structural advantage: it exhibits significant beta-lactamase resistance. This resilience means the medicine is not easily deactivated by the protective enzymes certain bacteria produce, enhancing its therapeutic effectiveness against a broader spectrum of systemic bacterial infections.

Regulatory References

  1. WHO Essential Medicines List for Cefuroxime
  2. Cefuroxime: StatPearls [Internet] on NIH NCBI Bookshelf

What side effects are possible with Barocef?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

Barocef (Cefuroxime) is associated with a range of possible adverse reactions and documented safety considerations, consistent with its classification as a beta-lactam antibacterial agent. The official safety profile is organized by frequency and the body system affected, based on regulatory labeling.

Documented Frequency of Common Adverse Reactions

The most frequently observed reactions with the oral formulation include diarrhea and nausea/vomiting. Other effects classified as Common (occurring in 1% to 10% of patients based on SmPC data) include headache, dizziness, eosinophilia, and transient increases in hepatic enzyme levels. Specific to early Lyme disease treatment, the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction may occur.

Safety Concerns by System Organ Class

Adverse reactions are documented across several physiological systems. In the Gastrointestinal Disorders class, there is a risk of pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile-associated disease), which can be severe. Immune System Disorders include the risk of serious and potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, as well as severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARS) like Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN).

Special Safety Considerations

Postmarketing reports include rare but serious events affecting the Blood and Lymphatic System (e.g., hemolytic anemia) and the Nervous System (e.g., seizures, encephalopathy). Safety constraints mandate special consideration for patients with renal impairment, requiring monitoring of kidney function. The use of Cefuroxime may also interfere with certain non-enzymatic urine glucose tests and is associated with a positive Coombs test, which are high-level safety constraints noted in regulatory documents.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdosage of Cefuroxime is officially documented to lead to neurological sequelae, which may include signs of cerebral irritation, convulsions, or seizures. Symptoms of overdose can particularly occur if the dose is not appropriately reduced in individuals with impaired renal function, as Cefuroxime is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and accumulation can lead to high serum concentrations.

Official Emergency Response Requirements

Immediate medical help is required when specific, life-threatening symptoms are observed. Regulatory documents explicitly state that individuals must call emergency services (e.g., 911) if the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or cannot be awakened.

Contacting a poison control center is also mandated for suspected overdosage. If an overdose is suspected, the medicine must be discontinued immediately.

Management and Monitoring

Management of overdosage consists of symptomatic and supportive treatment. No specific antidote is known for Cefuroxime. High serum levels can be effectively reduced by procedural measures, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Due to the reliance on kidney function for clearance, monitoring of renal status is necessary, especially in severely ill patients or those with existing kidney impairment.

Therapeutic Uses of Barocef

What Barocef Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Barocef (Cefuroxime) is commonly used to help with bacterial infections across several major body systems. It supports patients during episodes of heightened discomfort by targeting the underlying cause and is considered relevant when supportive symptom management is appropriate. The medication is applied across domains where additional symptomatic support is needed due to bacterial infection.

Acute Symptom Management

This medication is applicable within clinical settings that involve acute or disruptive symptom patterns, is used for managing conditions such as bacterial pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and tonsillitis. It is also commonly used to help with infections affecting the urinary tract and skin/soft tissues, and for specific diseases like early Lyme disease. The medicine helps address symptom clusters that interfere with daily functioning and are related to physical discomfort (like earache or sore throat). In critical contexts, Barocef is relevant for managing severe systemic infections and is applied in scenarios where additional management of discomfort is required during high-risk events, such as for the prevention of postoperative infection. The primary benefit is its role in managing the infection, which supports improved comfort and contributes to easing the overall symptom load.


Condition Categories: Acute Symptoms

Barocef supports patients during episodes of heightened discomfort by helping manage clusters of symptoms that interfere with daily functioning, such as symptoms related to physical discomfort and symptoms that create noticeable physiological strain.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus Drug Information

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility Map: Who can and cannot use Barocef — official regulatory information


Eligibility scope

  • Populations for whom use is contraindicated: Barocef (cefuroxime axetil) is strictly contraindicated for patients with a known severe allergy or hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to the drug, other cephalosporin antibiotics, or to any other beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins.
  • Populations for whom use is not recommended: Coadministration with probenecid is not recommended as this drug interaction can increase the systemic exposure of Barocef.
  • Age-related eligibility rules: Use is established for adults and adolescents (typically 13 years and older) for most approved indications. For certain conditions, use is also permitted for pediatric patients (as young as 3 months for some formulations), but efficacy and safety have not been established in infants younger than 3 months of age.
  • Condition-specific eligibility rules:
    • Renal Impairment: Patients with significantly impaired kidney function may require a reduced dosage but are not prohibited from use.
    • Phenylketonuria (PKU): The oral suspension formulation contains phenylalanine and must be used with caution in individuals with PKU.

Summary of Eligibility

The most critical restriction on Barocef use is a documented allergy to the drug or other beta-lactam antibiotics, which constitutes a formal contraindication. For all other individuals, eligibility is based on the condition being treated and the patient's age. Certain patient groups, such as those with impaired kidney function or Phenylketonuria (for the suspension form), may still be eligible but require careful clinical consideration and potential dosage adjustment by a healthcare provider. Use during pregnancy and lactation is assessed on a case-by-case basis by a physician to weigh potential benefits against risks.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Barocef (cefixime) can interact with several other medications, which may alter the effects of either Barocef or the other medicine. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements you are currently taking.

Major Interactions

Drug Class / Medicine Potential Effect of Interaction
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin) May increase the effects of the anticoagulant, raising the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of blood clotting time (Prothrombin Time/INR) is necessary, and dose adjustments may be required.
Probenecid May increase and prolong the concentration of Barocef in the blood by decreasing its elimination by the kidneys.
Hormonal Contraceptives There is a potential risk that Barocef may decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives ('birth control pills'), requiring the use of additional, non-hormonal birth control methods.

Other Considerations

Barocef may interfere with certain laboratory tests, specifically causing a false-positive result for ketones in the urine using tests based on the nitroprusside method. It can also cause a false-positive result for glucose in the urine using copper reduction tests (like Clinitest), but not with enzyme-based tests (like Clinistix).

Mechanism of Action

Barocef, containing the active molecule cefuroxime, functions as a beta-lactam inhibitor targeting the integrity of the bacterial cell wall. The molecule is structurally characterized by a beta-lactam ring, which is the functional moiety. Cefuroxime is transported to and accumulates in the bacterial periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria, and interfaces directly with the exposed membrane in Gram-positive organisms.

Its specific biological targets are a family of bacterial enzymes known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which act as transpeptidases in the final stages of peptidoglycan synthesis. Cefuroxime covalently binds to the active site of these essential PBPs, such as PBP 1A, PBP 1B, and PBP 3, by irreversible acylation of a serine residue. This binding event inhibits the transpeptidation reaction necessary for cross-linking the peptidoglycan polymer strands that form the rigid mesh structure of the bacterial cell wall.

The downstream cascade involves the continuous activity of bacterial autolytic enzymes, such as autolysins, against a structurally compromised cell wall. This imbalance in cell wall biosynthesis and degradation leads to a loss of the cell's structural and osmotic integrity. The resulting intracellular consequence is cell membrane herniation, followed by osmotic lysis of the bacterium. The system-level physiological consequence is the modulation of bacterial population dynamics by reducing the viability of susceptible organisms.

Dosage and Administration Information

Barocef (Cefuroxime) is administered using specific, officially determined methods based on the active form and required route. The oral forms, such as the tablet and suspension containing Cefuroxime axetil, are typically dosed on a twice-daily schedule (every 12 hours). The tablets must be swallowed whole and should not be crushed, broken, or chewed. Conversely, the oral suspension formulation requires reconstitution and must be taken with food to ensure correct absorption, a critical preparation constraint that differentiates its usage from the tablet form.

For more severe systemic needs, the salt form, Cefuroxime sodium, is used via the intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) routes. Parenteral regimens commonly utilize a three-times-daily schedule (every 8 hours), with specific doses (e.g., 750 mg or 1.5 g) determined by the clinical context. For IV administration, the product must be reconstituted and administered as an injection over 3 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion over 30 to 60 minutes.

Regardless of the administration route, the overall duration of therapy generally spans 5 to 10 days, though specific uses like Early Lyme disease require a longer, 20-day course. A critical procedural constraint is the mandated dosage adjustment for patients with renal impairment, where the frequency or dose must be formally reduced based on the patient’s creatinine clearance.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Barocef: Recent Clinical Evidence

The active ingredient in Barocef is cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Clinical evidence is focused on its role in treating a variety of bacterial infections, spanning multiple body systems.

Clinical Trial Findings

Clinical trials, including randomized controlled studies, have investigated the compound's use across several FDA-approved indications.

  • Respiratory Tract Infections: Studies have evaluated Barocef's use in mild-to-moderate infections of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, such as acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, particularly where the causative bacteria are susceptible to cefuroxime.
  • Genitourinary Tract Infections: Research supports its use in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible organisms. Studies have typically utilized treatment durations of 7 to 10 days.
  • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Trials have examined its effectiveness in addressing certain skin and soft tissue infections, focusing on susceptible strains of bacteria.
  • Lyme Disease: Evidence also supports its inclusion in the early treatment protocols for Lyme disease (erythema migrans) in adults and pediatric patients over 12 years of age, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Efficacy and Comparative Studies

Barocef exhibits broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, a characteristic often evaluated in comparative trials. The compound's effectiveness in eliminating susceptible bacteria is achieved by preventing the formation of the bacterial cell wall. While Barocef is a treatment option for numerous bacterial diseases, its specific role is determined by the susceptibility of the infection-causing bacteria. Regulatory bodies approve Barocef for these specific indications based on the findings of these clinical investigations.

Safety Profile

Safety data from clinical investigations indicate that Barocef is generally well-tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse effects in these trials include mild gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as skin rash.

Key Studies & References

  1. Cefuroxime axetil tablets: U.S. FDA-Approved Drug Label (DailyMed)
  2. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial compared the clinical and bacteriologic efficacies and the safety of cefuroxime axetil with amoxicillin-clavulanate in treating secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis
  3. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (IDSA 2014 Update)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Barocef (FAQ)

Q: What makes Barocef different from Amoxicillin?

Barocef's active ingredient, Cefuroxime, is classified as a cephalosporin, while Amoxicillin is a penicillin. Both are beta-lactam antibiotics, but Cefuroxime is often noted in official product information for having greater structural resistance to certain bacterial enzymes (beta-lactamases).

Q: How long does Barocef stay in your system after the last dose?

Pharmacokinetic data suggests that Cefuroxime has a serum half-life of approximately 70–75 minutes in individuals with normal kidney function. It is rapidly processed and excreted, with the majority of the unchanged medicine recovered in the urine within 24 hours of the last dose.

Q: What is the difference between Barocef and Cefuroxime?

Cefuroxime is the active chemical ingredient in this medicine. Barocef is a brand name used for the product containing Cefuroxime, typically the form Cefuroxime axetil for oral use.

Q: Are there generic versions of Barocef available?

Yes, the active ingredient Cefuroxime Axetil is available under multiple generic labels. These generic labels are required to meet the same quality, strength, and effectiveness standards as the brand name product, according to regulatory requirements.

Q: Can Barocef be crushed or chewed if I have trouble swallowing pills?

Official administration instructions state that the tablets must be swallowed whole and should not be crushed or chewed, as this can affect absorption. However, the medicine is also formulated as a liquid oral suspension for individuals who cannot swallow tablets.

Q: What is the shelf life of Barocef once the prescription is filled?

While storage instructions specify keeping the medicine cool, dry, and protected from light, the exact date or duration of stability (shelf life) after dispensing is typically provided on the prescription label or product leaflet.

Q: Can Barocef cause changes in sleep patterns?

Official safety data has reported some central nervous system effects, and some product labels list drowsiness as a possible side effect. Individuals who experience changes in sleep or drowsiness are advised to use caution when performing activities that require full attention, such as driving.

Q: Is it normal to feel nauseous when taking Barocef?

Yes, official adverse reaction reports classify nausea as one of the most frequently reported side effects associated with Cefuroxime Axetil.

Q: What foods or drinks should I avoid while on Barocef?

Regulatory documents advise that concurrent use of Cefuroxime Axetil with antacids or other drugs that reduce stomach acid may result in lower absorption. Therefore, such combinations are often approached with caution or monitored by a healthcare professional.

Q: What happens if I accidentally take a dose of Barocef late?

General patient information for missed antibiotic doses involves taking the dose when remembered unless it is nearly time for the next dose. However, patients should follow the specific instructions provided on their prescription label or by their prescribing clinician.

Q: Is Barocef safe to use for children?

The medicine is approved and indicated for the treatment of specific infections in pediatric patients. Dosage for children is carefully determined based on their weight and the condition being treated, as defined in the regulatory prescribing information.

Q: Can older adults use Barocef without increased risk?

Official safety information notes that older adults are more likely to have reduced kidney function. Since Cefuroxime is excreted by the kidneys, dosage adjustment or monitoring of kidney function may be necessary to ensure appropriate drug levels.

Q: Is Barocef safe to take if I have kidney issues?

Cefuroxime is primarily excreted through the kidneys. Regulatory prescribing information requires patients with markedly impaired renal function to have their dosage adjusted by a healthcare provider to compensate for slower excretion.

Q: Can Barocef cause thrush or a yeast infection?

Yes. Safety information indicates that Cefuroxime, like other broad-spectrum antibiotics, can disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms. This disruption may lead to an overgrowth of yeast (Candida), resulting in fungal infections such as thrush.

Q: Is it important to take Barocef with food?

Official administration instructions specify that the oral suspension formulation must be taken with food to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness. However, the tablet formulation may be taken with or without food.

Q: Can Barocef cause dizziness or lightheadedness?

Dizziness is a commonly reported side effect, according to official adverse reaction reports. Individuals who experience dizziness or other nervous system effects are advised to use caution when performing tasks such as driving or operating machinery.

Q: What should I do if the side effects of Barocef are bothersome but not severe?

Regulatory patient information suggests contacting a healthcare professional when less serious, but bothersome, side effects are experienced. They can provide guidance on managing these effects.

Q: Does Barocef affect blood sugar levels?

Cefuroxime is known to interfere with specific laboratory tests. It can cause a false-positive result for glucose in the urine when copper reduction methods are used, but it does not affect enzyme-based tests used to check blood glucose.

Q: How does Barocef compare to antibiotics used for ear infections?

Cefuroxime is an approved treatment option for acute bacterial otitis media (ear infection) in both adult and pediatric patients, based on its approved indication for susceptible bacteria identified in clinical trials.

Q: Does taking Barocef affect future antibiotic effectiveness?

Official warnings note that inappropriate use of any antibiotic, including failure to adhere to the prescribed treatment duration, can contribute to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, which may reduce the medicine's effectiveness for future infections.

Q: Are there any reported interactions between Barocef and cholesterol medications?

The official label includes a section on drug interactions. Patients are advised to inform their healthcare provider of all prescription medications, including those for cholesterol, to check for any potential conflicts that may require monitoring.

Q: Does Barocef interact with alcohol, even in small amounts?

Patient advisories generally recommend avoiding alcohol while taking Cefuroxime. This is because concurrent alcohol consumption may be associated with an increase in certain side effects, such as dizziness.

Q: Are there any long-term effects associated with taking Barocef?

Cefuroxime is typically prescribed for short-term courses, generally 5 to 10 days. The label lists rare, serious adverse events from postmarketing experience which are not associated with typical short-term use, but long-term use is not within the approved clinical practice.

Q: Can Barocef be taken while breastfeeding?

Cefuroxime is excreted in small quantities into human breast milk. The use of this medicine while breastfeeding requires a consultation with a healthcare provider to assess the potential benefits against any risks.

Q: Is it normal to have a minor headache with Barocef?

Yes, official safety reports list headache as a common adverse reaction associated with Cefuroxime treatment.

Q: What are the signs that Barocef is not working for my infection?

Regulatory patient information indicates that a healthcare provider should be informed if symptoms do not begin to improve or if they worsen during the course of the medication.

How should Barocef be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Barocef (Cefuroxime/Cefpodoxime)

The official labeled storage requirements for this medication mandate strict adherence to specific environmental conditions to maintain its efficacy and stability. The product must be stored in a cool and dry place, typically with temperatures at or below 30 C (86 F), and should be kept away from direct heat and excessive moisture.

Mandatory Storage and Handling

Condition Requirement
Temperature Store below 30 C (e.g., 15 C to 25 C).
Protection Protect from direct light and moisture.
Container Keep in the original, securely sealed packaging.
Safety Store out of the sight and reach of children and pets.

Official Disposal Rules

Do not dispose of any unused or expired Barocef by pouring it down a sink or flushing it down a toilet, as regulatory documents prohibit release into waterways. The official guidance requires the proper disposal of unused medicine according to local, regional, or national environmental regulations.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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