Alpha-E

Alpha-E

Vitamin E (alpha Tocoferol)

hypersensitivity to the components of the drug,

acute myocardial infarction,

children's age.

With caution: In patients with severe cardiosclerosis, myocardial infarction, with an increased risk of developing thromboembolism, hypotrombinemia caused by vitamin K deficiency may worsen when using vitamin E at a dose of more than 400 ME (1 mg-1.21 ME).

Usually, when used in the recommended doses, side effects are not observed.

On the part of the immune system: allergic reactions.

From the gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea, nausea, gastralgia.

From the side of metabolism and nutrition: hypercreatininemia, increased activity of CPK, increased concentration of cholesterol in blood serum.

From the side of the vessels: thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism.

Symptoms: high doses of vitamin E (400-800 mg / day for a long time) can cause visual impairment, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea, severe fatigue, fainting, white hair growth in areas of alopecia with epidermolysis bullosa. Very high doses (exceeding 800 mg for a long time) can cause bleeding in patients with vitamin K deficiency, they can disrupt the metabolism of thyroid hormones and increase the risk of thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism in sensitive patients.

Treatment: symptomatic, withdrawal of the drug, administration of corticosteroids.

Biologically active tocopherols protect the intermediates of cellular respiration from the oxidation of the functional groups of their molecules. Active tocopherols can be oxidized to semiquinones, which are again reduced in the body to tocopherols.

If tocopherols are present in sufficient quantities in the human body, they protect unstable mediators and metabolites of cellular respiration from oxidation.

In the redox processes at the level of cellular metabolism in pathological conditions, they play a buffer role.

Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the most effective of the tocopherols, acts in the human body as a cellular antioxidant and a substance that binds oxygen free radicals.

Vitamin E has an antioxidant effect, participates in the biosynthesis of heme and proteins, cell proliferation, and other important processes of tissue metabolism, prevents hemolysis of red blood cells. It is necessary for the development and functioning of connective tissue, as well as for strengthening the walls of blood vessels. It is a natural antioxidant, inhibits the peroxidation of lipids by free radicals. Activates phagocytosis and is used to maintain normal resistance of red blood cells. In large doses, it prevents platelet aggregation.

Absorption from the duodenum (the presence of bile acid salts, fats, normal functioning of the pancreas is necessary) — 20–40%. With an increase in the dose, the degree of absorption decreases. T_max — 4 hours. Deposited in all organs and tissues, especially in adipose tissue.

Penetrates through the placenta in insufficient quantities: 20-30% of the concentration in the mother's blood penetrates into the fetal blood. Penetrates into breast milk.

Excretion mainly through the gastrointestinal tract, with bile-more than 90%, less than 6% is excreted by the kidneys in the form of glucuronides and other metabolites.

Enhances the effect of corticosteroids, NSAIDs, cardiac glycosides.

Increases the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy (who have an increased content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood).

High doses of iron increase the oxidative processes in the body, which increases the need for vitamin E.

Concomitant use of vitamin E at a dose of more than 400 ME/day with anticoagulants (coumarin and indanedione derivatives) increases the risk of hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding.

Vitamin E increases the effect of anticoagulants if the doses exceed 400 ME/day.

It is not recommended to simultaneously take other vitamin complexes containing vitamin E, in order to avoid overdose.

The administration of vitamin E in high doses can cause a deficiency of vitamin A in the body. Colestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils reduce the absorption of vitamin E.