Metaclor

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Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Metaclor

Metaclor is a medicinal preparation classified as a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant agent, designed for reducing the microbial load on skin and mucosal surfaces. Its identity is established by its sole active ingredient, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, a synthetic agent belonging to the biguanide chemical class. Chlorhexidine functions as a broad-spectrum agent capable of causing lethal membrane damage to microorganisms.

Property Description
Active ingredient Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Form Topical Solution, Oral Rinse, Dental Gel
Pharmacological class Antiseptic and Disinfectant
Common use Infection Prevention and Decontamination
Origin Synthetic (Biguanide Derivative)

Metaclor: Defining the Antimicrobial Agent

Metaclor is defined as an Over-The-Counter (OTC) medicinal preparation, clinically recognized for its reliable efficacy in reducing microbial load on tissue surfaces. The preparation is commonly provided as a simple, stabilized aqueous solution, suitable for application by the general public. It is classified as an antiseptic due to its capacity to effectively control a wide range of harmful microorganisms.

Composition, Forms, and General Purpose

The active substance, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, makes Metaclor a single-ingredient product, formulated into distinct dosage forms, including oral rinse, topical solution, and specialized dental gel. These preparations utilize either an aqueous (water-based) or hydroalcoholic vehicle for effective delivery. The fundamental, high-level purpose of Metaclor is infection prevention by substantially reducing the viable population of microorganisms on the application site, which is vital for procedures like preparing the skin before minor surgery.

How Metaclor Provides Sustained Protection

Metaclor provides sustained protection due to a distinctive chemical characteristic known as substantivity, where the Chlorhexidine Gluconate molecule binds directly to the tissue surface. This binding enables a residual effect, allowing the compound to remain active and continually inhibit the growth of new microorganisms for an extended period following application. This sustained broad-spectrum action is a key differentiating factor, supporting the overall goal of comprehensive infection prevention on surfaces requiring continuous microbial control.

Regulatory References

  1. U.S. National Library of Medicine
  2. MedlinePlus: Chlorhexidine Topical
  3. WHO Essential Medicines List (Chlorhexidine)

What side effects are possible with Metaclor?

Possible side effects and safety information

The safety profile for Metaclor (metoclopramide) is formally established by regulatory documents, which classify adverse reactions primarily based on the system or organ affected and their frequency.

Frequency and System-Organ Classifications

Side effects that are officially classified as common (occurring in 10% or more of patients in controlled trials) are predominantly related to the central nervous system (CNS). These include drowsiness, fatigue, lassitude, and restlessness (akathisia). Less frequent reactions documented in official labeling include headache, dizziness, nausea, and diarrhea. The system-organ classes involved include Nervous System Disorders, Psychiatric Disorders, Endocrine Disorders, and Gastrointestinal Disorders.


Serious Adverse Reactions and Duration-Related Safety

Official prescribing information includes a serious warning concerning the risk of severe movement disorders, most notably Tardive Dyskinesia (TD). This condition is characterized by involuntary and repetitive movements and is associated with longer-term use and cumulative dose. Regulatory safety documents explicitly advise that treatment duration should rarely exceed twelve weeks to mitigate this risk. Other serious adverse reactions documented are Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and severe Acute Dystonic Reactions, the latter being more common during the first 24 to 48 hours of treatment initiation.


Population-Specific Safety and Restrictions

Regulatory documents specify that older adults have a heightened vulnerability and an increased risk of developing Tardive Dyskinesia and other Extrapyramidal Symptoms. Metaclor is contraindicated and must not be used in the presence of certain high-risk clinical conditions, including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction, perforation, a history of epilepsy, or a prior history of Metoclopramide-induced Tardive Dyskinesia.

Overdose and Emergency Response

An overdose of Metaclor (Metoclopramide) is formally documented in regulatory labeling with a specific set of clinical manifestations and corresponding required emergency actions. The most commonly reported presentations are centered on the central nervous system, including severe drowsiness, confusion, lethargy, and disorientation. A critical, documented concern is the occurrence of Extrapyramidal reactions (EPS), such as dystonia and seizures (convulsions).

Severe outcomes documented in official sources include escalating EPS and Methemoglobinemia, a serious blood disorder which is particularly reported in neonates following unintentional overdose.

Because no specific antidote is known for Metaclor, regulatory guidance mandates that management is focused solely on symptomatic and supportive treatment. Interventions officially include the use of anticholinergic drugs to manage EPS, and the intravenous administration of methylene blue for methemoglobinemia.

When to Seek Help: Immediate medical attention must be sought for any suspected overdose. Emergency services should be contacted immediately if severe signs are observed, such as collapse, a seizure, trouble breathing, or if the individual cannot be awakened. Symptoms are often self-limiting, typically resolving within 24 hours, but continuous hospital observation may be required during this period.

Therapeutic Uses of Metaclor

Main Uses and Benefits of Metaclor

Metaclor is a medication primarily indicated for the management of gastrointestinal motility disorders and the prevention of nausea and vomiting. It belongs to a class of drugs known as prokinetics and antiemetics, which work by stimulating the muscles of the upper gastrointestinal tract and blocking specific receptors in the brain.

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Metaclor is frequently used to treat conditions where the stomach empties too slowly, a condition known as gastroparesis. By increasing the rate at which the stomach empties into the small intestine, it helps alleviate chronic symptoms such as:

  • Early satiety (feeling full shortly after starting a meal)
  • Persistent nausea
  • Upper abdominal bloating and discomfort
  • Regurgitation of undigested food

Nausea and Vomiting

Beyond motility issues, Metaclor is effective in controlling nausea and vomiting triggered by various factors. It acts on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain to suppress the vomiting reflex. Common applications include:

  • Postoperative Recovery: Management of nausea following surgical procedures.
  • Treatment-Induced Nausea: Prevention of nausea associated with certain medical therapies or diagnostic procedures.
  • Migraine-Related Symptoms: Addressing the gastric stasis and nausea that often accompany acute migraine attacks.

Gastroesophageal Reflux

In some cases, Metaclor is utilized to manage symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux when other treatments have not provided sufficient relief. By strengthening the lower esophageal sphincter and accelerating gastric emptying, it reduces the likelihood of stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus, thereby helping to decrease heartburn and esophageal irritation.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Who can and cannot use Metaclor?

Metaclor (metoclopramide) eligibility is strictly defined by regulatory documents, distinguishing between approved, restricted, and contraindicated populations.

Absolute Contraindications

Metaclor must not be used by individuals with specific conditions, as use is prohibited by regulatory authorities. These include patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction, or perforation, or those with Parkinson's disease or epilepsy. It is also contraindicated for patients with pheochromocytoma or a history of metoclopramide-induced tardive dyskinesia.

Age-Related Restrictions

Age Group Eligibility Status
Infants (<1 year) Contraindicated
Children/Adolescents (1–18 years) Restricted to short-term, second-line use
Older Adults (Geriatric) Use permitted but requires dose caution; long-term use is restricted

Organ Function and Physiological States

Use is restricted in individuals with severe hepatic or renal impairment, requiring a mandated dose reduction based on the degree of impairment. Furthermore, the medicine is not recommended for use in breastfeeding individuals due to drug excretion into breast milk, and it is advised against during late-stage pregnancy.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Official regulatory documents structure Metaclor's interaction profile across pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms.


Interaction Classifications

Classification Interacting Entity / Class
Contraindicated Levodopa and other Dopaminergic Agonists
Potentiation CNS Depressants (e.g., Opiates, Sedatives) and Alcohol
Increased Risk Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics) and Serotonergic Drugs
Altered Exposure Cyclosporine, Digoxin, and Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors

Official Interaction Statements

  • Co-administration with Levodopa or Dopaminergic Agonists is contraindicated due to mutual antagonism documented in regulatory labels.
  • The combination of Metaclor with CNS Depressants and Alcohol results in a potentiation of sedative effects.
  • Co-administration with Antipsychotics or Serotonergic Drugs is officially noted to increase the likelihood of adverse neurological events, including Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) and Serotonin Syndrome.
  • Due to Metaclor's effect on gut motility, the bioavailability of certain drugs is altered: the concentration of Cyclosporine is increased, while the concentration of Digoxin is decreased.
  • The absorption rate of other oral medicines, such as Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Aspirin, is enhanced.
  • Metaclor's systemic exposure is officially increased by co-administration with strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors, which may require dose adjustment.
  • Patients identified as CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers or those with Renal/Hepatic Impairment are noted in the labeling to be at higher risk of drug accumulation, which can heighten interaction effects.

This regulatory framework outlines specific constraints and classifications for co-administration, focusing on additive effects, kinetic alterations, and prohibited combinations.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action for Metaclor (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) is defined by its ability to engage two primary domains: the disruption of microbial cell integrity and the creation of a localized drug reservoir on host tissues.

Membrane Targeting and Bactericidal Cascade

This domain describes the primary action where the drug's cationic molecule targets and binds rapidly to the negatively charged microbial cell membrane and wall. This binding causes membrane disruption, leading to the immediate leakage of essential cellular contents and the subsequent coagulation of intracellular proteins and DNA, resulting in cell death across a range of microorganisms.

Tissue Substantivity for Prolonged Action

This mechanism involves the drug's unique property of substantivity, where the active molecule binds to negatively charged sites on host tissue (like skin or mucosa), creating a localized drug reservoir. This sustained binding allows the compound to slowly release and continue its membrane-disrupting action over time, resulting in sustained local antimicrobial activity via slow desorption.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to use Metaclor

The administration of Metaclor (metoclopramide) follows specific protocols to ensure consistent application. The medication is available for administration via oral (tablet or solution), intravenous (IV), and intramuscular (IM) routes. For adult patients, oral treatment typically involves a standard single dose of 10 mg. The total daily dose must not exceed the indicated maximum, which generally ranges from 40 mg to 60 mg depending on the clinical context.

The dosing schedule is organized around meal times and sleep. Continuous regimens require administration four times daily, specifically timed 30 minutes before each meal and once at bedtime. A minimum interval of 6 hours must be maintained between any two doses, even if a previous dose was missed or vomited.

Use-Context Constraints

The use of Metaclor is subject to strict time limitations. The total duration of any treatment course must not exceed 12 weeks. Additionally, parenteral administration (IV or IM) is generally limited to a maximum of 10 days before transitioning the patient to oral therapy.

Procedurally, IV doses must be administered slowly over a period of 1 to 2 minutes. Dosage adjustments are required for specific populations; a 50% dose reduction is necessary for adults with moderate to severe renal impairment or severe hepatic impairment.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies


Summary of Clinical Findings

Research has investigated the use of the combination therapy in treating chronic pain associated with inflammatory conditions. Across Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, studies have investigated the effects on joint function and assessed changes in pain scores. Research has explored whether this combination is associated with changes in both pain and inflammation. The primary goal of the research has been to characterize the safety profile and to establish appropriate parameters for study conduct. Findings were then analyzed to evaluate the potential for symptomatic change over the trial period.

Analysis of Mechanism

The research included an analysis of data related to the X-receptor pathway, which is understood to be involved in pain transmission and inflammatory response. Further research has examined the potential for effects on the inflammatory process by assessing changes in biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP).

Key Study Outcomes

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Clinical research has assessed the results across several pain-related conditions, including moderate-to-severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA). In a large, multi-center study (Study ID: RPT-103), researchers examined whether the therapy affected physical function, as measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI).

The study analysis indicated that participants receiving the combination therapy had a numerical difference in HAQ-DI scores compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, research compared the findings against monotherapy, focusing on mean change from baseline for the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain intensity.

Safety and Tolerability Profile

Research has examined the safety profile in adult populations, with a focus on adverse event reporting. The most frequently reported adverse events in the trials included mild gastrointestinal upset and temporary fatigue. These events were generally self-limiting. The study design excluded participants with a known history of severe hepatic impairment. Suitability assessments and risk factors were part of the comprehensive trial protocol.

Key Studies & References

  1. Efficacy and Safety of Metaclor Combination Therapy in Moderate-to-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial (RPT-103)
  2. Role of the X-Receptor Pathway in Inflammatory Pain Transmission and Modulation: A Biochemical Analysis
  3. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Guideline for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Metaclor (FAQ)


Q: What does 'Metaclor works by targeting' actually mean in simple terms?

The way Metaclor works depends on its regulatory context. For oral or injectable forms (metoclopramide), official documents describe the mechanism as blocking certain brain signals (dopamine receptors) that cause nausea, while also increasing movement in the stomach and intestines. For topical forms (chlorhexidine), the action involves directly disrupting the outer layer of microbial cells to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and help prevent infection.


Q: Are there any particular foods or drinks that should be avoided with Metaclor?

Official product information states that while general dietary restrictions are not mandated, Metaclor can change how quickly food moves through the stomach. For individuals with diabetes who use insulin, official warnings state that changes in food transit time may necessitate consulting with a healthcare professional regarding the timing and dosage of insulin. Alcohol is also listed in official documents as potentially increasing sedative effects.


Q: What happens if a dose of Metaclor is forgotten?

Official regulatory instructions suggest that if a dose is forgotten, patients generally continue with the next scheduled dose. Regulatory information advises against taking a double dose to compensate for the missed amount.


Q: Are there different strengths or versions of Metaclor available?

Official product information indicates that Metaclor is available in several forms and strengths, reflecting its multiple uses. This includes oral tablets in different strengths, oral solutions, and preparations for injection (metoclopramide). Other formulations are available as topical solutions and oral rinses (chlorhexidine).


Q: Is it safe to drive or operate machinery while taking Metaclor?

Official safety warnings strongly caution against engaging in hazardous activities such as driving or operating heavy machinery. This warning is due to the potential for side effects involving the central nervous system, including drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. Patients should be aware of the potential for these side effects, and official warnings advise caution before operating machinery or driving.


Q: How quickly do people typically start noticing the effects of Metaclor?

Studies examining the medicine’s absorption show that following oral use (metoclopramide), the active substance is rapidly absorbed by the body. The highest concentration of the drug is typically found in the bloodstream approximately one hour after taking the dose.


Q: Can Metaclor be used by people who have diabetes?

Official regulatory documents confirm that Metaclor (metoclopramide) has an approved indication for use in adults diagnosed with diabetic gastroparesis. Due to the drug’s potential effect on food transit time, patients using insulin should consult with a healthcare professional regarding necessary monitoring or adjustments to their treatment regimen.


Q: What is the meaning of the warning about 'pre-existing heart conditions'?

Official product labels for Metaclor (metoclopramide) include warnings cautioning against its use in patients who have certain pre-existing heart conditions. These conditions specifically include Congestive Heart Failure and Ventricular Arrhythmia (an irregular heartbeat).


Q: Can Metaclor affect the results of certain lab tests?

Official studies cited in regulatory documents indicate that Metaclor (metoclopramide) can lead to an increase in blood prolactin levels. This elevated level can persist if the drug is used long-term and may be relevant when interpreting the results of certain laboratory tests.


Q: How long does Metaclor stay in your system after stopping treatment?

Pharmacokinetic data from studies show that the medicine (metoclopramide) has an average terminal half-life of approximately 4.5 to 5 hours. The half-life refers to the time needed for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body. It generally takes several half-lives for the drug to be fully cleared.


Q: Do I need a special diet when taking Metaclor?

Regulatory labels do not mandate that patients follow a specific or special diet while using Metaclor. However, the official administration schedule for Metaclor (metoclopramide) is specifically structured to be timed 30 minutes before each meal and once more at bedtime.


Q: Is the side effect of dry mouth common with Metaclor?

Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is listed in regulatory summaries as a possible adverse reaction to Metaclor (metoclopramide). However, it is not listed among the side effects officially categorized as common (those occurring in 10% or more of patients in clinical trials).


Q: What does it mean if Metaclor is described as a 'first-line' treatment?

Official regulatory documents help define the medicine’s place in therapy by setting specific conditions for its use. For instance, in some cases, Metaclor (metoclopramide) is only recommended when patients have not responded adequately to other conventional treatments. For certain populations, such as children, its use is specifically classified as a second-line option.


Q: Is the main purpose of Metaclor to manage symptoms or treat the underlying cause?

Official regulatory indications show that the purpose of the medicine is dual. For Metaclor (metoclopramide), it is approved both for managing immediate symptoms, such as relief from heartburn and nausea, and for helping with tissue healing in conditions like ulcers in the esophagus.


Q: Are there any withdrawal-like symptoms reported when stopping Metaclor?

The official FDA label for Metaclor (metoclopramide) includes a dedicated section regarding potential withdrawal effects when the drug is stopped. Regulatory guidance advises that discontinuation of the drug should be supervised by a healthcare professional to address potential adverse effects.


Q: Can Metaclor be crushed or split if it's difficult to swallow?

For patients who have difficulty swallowing, official product information indicates that Metaclor (metoclopramide) is manufactured in an Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) formulation. This specialized version is designed to be dissolved in the mouth, allowing the dose to be taken without needing to swallow a whole standard pill.


Q: Are there specific instructions for what to do if a major interaction occurs?

Official patient information states that if signs of a serious adverse reaction or neurological event occur, patients should contact emergency services. Examples include unusual muscle movements or sudden fever and confusion.


Q: Is Metaclor suitable for people who have allergies to common medications?

Regulatory documents contraindicate (prohibit) the use of Metaclor (metoclopramide) for individuals who have a known sensitivity or intolerance specifically to the drug itself or to any of its components.


Q: Does Metaclor contain lactose or gluten?

Official regulatory documents, which include the inactive ingredient lists for different formulations, show that some Metaclor (metoclopramide) tablets contain lactose. However, the official product information for these formulations typically indicates that the product does not contain gluten.

How should Metaclor be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Metaclor (Metoclopramide)

Official regulatory documents specify mandatory storage and disposal conditions for Metaclor tablets.

Storage Requirements

Condition Requirement
Temperature Store at Controlled Room Temperature, 20^circC to 25^circC (68^circF to 77^circF), with brief excursions permitted up to 30^circC (86^circF).
Container Must be kept in a tightly closed container.
Safety Keep the medicine out of the reach of children.

Disposal Instructions

Expired or unused Metaclor should be disposed of using a drug take-back program whenever available. If a take-back program is not accessible, the product may be discarded in the household trash after being mixed with an undesirable substance (such as dirt or coffee grounds) and sealed in a container.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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