Dolac

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Dolac

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Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Dolac

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active ingredient Ketorolac tromethamine
Pharmacological class Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Primary Forms Tablets, Injectable Solution, Nasal Spray, Ophthalmic Solution
Origin Synthetic compound
General Purpose Short-term management of moderate-to-severe acute pain

What Type of Medicine is Dolac (Ketorolac)?

Dolac is a medicinal preparation whose active component is Ketorolac tromethamine, formally classified as a potent Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID). This medication is a synthetic compound reserved primarily for the management of moderate-to-severe acute pain. It is a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The drug belongs to the first-generation NSAID group, which is clinically recognized for its analgesic strength, often surpassing that of common non-prescription NSAIDs. This potency means it is typically designated as a prescription-only medication, frequently utilized as an opioid sparing agent in acute care settings.

Composition and Available Forms of Dolac

The core substance, Ketorolac tromethamine, is a single-ingredient product existing as a racemic mixture where the S-(-) enantiomer is responsible for the majority of its therapeutic effect. Dolac offers versatility across several dosage forms, including conventional oral tablets and a specialized solution for injection—used for intravenous or intramuscular administration. It is also uniquely available in non-systemic forms, such as a nasal spray and an ophthalmic solution (eye drops), enabling either systemic relief or highly targeted local administration, ensuring flexibility in the clinical route of administration.

What is the General Purpose of Dolac?

The general purpose of Dolac is to provide powerful pain relief and reduce inflammation. This effect is achieved through its mechanism as a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor. By blocking the COX enzymes, Ketorolac effectively inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are chemical mediators responsible for signaling pain and inflammation. Ketorolac tromethamine demonstrates both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This chemical action helps to alleviate discomfort and minimize the associated swelling, defining its medical use for the short-term management of intense, acute pain.

Regulatory References

  1. MedlinePlus Drug Information
  2. NIH Ketorolac Review

What side effects are possible with Dolac?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

Adverse reactions to Dolac (Ketorolac tromethamine) are formally documented by regulatory authorities, with risks increasing based on the dose and the duration of use. The following information is based strictly on official governmental prescribing information.


Official Adverse Reactions by Frequency and System

The most frequently reported adverse effects involve the gastrointestinal and nervous systems.

Frequency Classification Common Adverse Reactions
Very Common (>10%) Nausea, Dyspepsia, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Headaches
Common (1-10%) Drowsiness, Dizziness, Edema, Hypertension, Abnormal renal function

Serious adverse reactions, though less frequent, are explicitly documented in regulatory warnings.


Serious Adverse Reactions and Safety Constraints

The most clinically significant risks involve the potential for serious gastrointestinal events (e.g., ulceration, bleeding, or perforation) and serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which may be fatal.

Regulatory safety constraints explicitly define its use:

  • Duration Limit: Systemic use (oral/injectable) must not exceed five (5) days due to increased risk with prolonged exposure.
  • Contraindications: The medication is contraindicated in individuals with advanced renal impairment, those with a high risk of bleeding (including cerebrovascular bleeding), and those currently receiving other NSAIDs or aspirin.
  • Special Populations: It is formally contraindicated during pregnancy, labor, and lactation. Older adults are noted to have an increased frequency of adverse reactions, particularly serious GI events, according to official labeling.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

Overdose with Dolac (ketorolac) is primarily managed with symptomatic and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The symptoms following an acute overdose of this type of medication are usually reversible and limited to the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems.

Documented Overdose Presentations

System Common Manifestations Less Common/Serious Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain Gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers, erosive gastritis
Central Nervous System Lethargy, drowsiness Respiratory depression, coma
Renal Renal dysfunction Acute renal failure

Required Emergency Action

Immediate medical help is required if an overdose is suspected. You must contact a poison control center or emergency room at once, regardless of the severity of initial symptoms. Even if symptoms are mild or absent, prompt medical assessment is necessary.

For patients seen within 4 hours of ingestion of a large oral overdose, medical professionals may consider procedures like the administration of activated charcoal to limit absorption. Treatment is focused on stabilizing the patient and managing specific symptoms, such as addressing any significant gastrointestinal bleeding or supporting kidney function. Symptoms generally resolve after the medication is discontinued, but potential for serious complications necessitates urgent medical evaluation.

Therapeutic Uses of Dolac

What Dolac Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Dolac (Ketorolac) is commonly used to help with the short-term management of moderately severe acute pain, often in situations where the discomfort requires a potent level of symptomatic support. It is primarily applied across conditions presenting with acute episodes, notably postoperative pain, severe musculoskeletal pain, and pronounced acute symptomatic episodes.

Managing Intense, Acute Pain Symptoms

Dolac's core benefit is providing potent, short-term symptomatic relief for symptoms of moderate-to-severe acute pain, such as those that arise suddenly following trauma or painful medical procedures. It is applied across domains where symptoms related to physical discomfort may become intense or disruptive, supporting the patient during difficult episodes by easing distress.

The medication is also frequently applied in clinical settings that involve acute or unstable symptom patterns, such as in the peri-operative setting or the emergency department. This utilization is relevant when supportive symptom management is appropriate and assists with maintaining functional stability when symptoms interfere with routine activities. The medication may also be applied in addressing the symptom cluster that includes localized swelling and physical discomfort, which often accompany acute pain from conditions like musculoskeletal injuries, supporting general well-being during symptomatic phases.

Dolac is relevant in contexts involving heightened systemic burden, offering a potent option to help ease the overall symptom load.

Quick Fact: Relief for Acute Pain
Primary Symptom Focus Moderately severe acute pain
Core Therapeutic Benefit Potent, short-term symptomatic relief
Use Context Postoperative, acute trauma, episodic pain

Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus overview of Ketorolac

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Eligibility and Restrictions for Dolac (Ketorolac) Use

Dolac is approved for short-term use (maximum 5 days combined total) in adult patients for moderately severe acute pain. Eligibility is strictly limited by several absolute prohibitions defined by regulatory authorities.

Population Status Key Restriction or Contraindication
Absolute Prohibitions Active or history of gastrointestinal bleeding/ulcers, advanced renal impairment, known cerebrovascular bleeding, or allergic reactions to aspirin/NSAIDs.
Reproductive/Age Status Use is contraindicated in nursing mothers and pregnant women from 30 weeks gestation. The medication is not indicated for most pediatric patients (typically under 16 years of age).
Conditional Use Older adults (ge 65 years), patients weighing less than 50 kg, and those with mildly impaired renal function require the use of a reduced maximum daily dose and extreme caution.
Procedural/Drug Prohibitions Contraindicated for pain related to CABG surgery, as a prophylactic analgesic before surgery, or when used concurrently with other NSAIDs or anticoagulants.

The official eligibility profile establishes that the medicine is reserved exclusively for adults free of major contraindications, especially those involving bleeding risk and organ compromise, and requires adherence to strict duration limits.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Dolac Interactions with other medicines and products

The official regulatory profile for Ketorolac tromethamine is defined by critical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction patterns.


Contraindicated Combinations

Co-administration is strictly prohibited with several medicinal products due to the risk of severe adverse outcomes. These formally contraindicated combinations include other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Aspirin, Probenecid, Pentoxifylline, Lithium salts, and Anticoagulants such as Warfarin or full-dose Heparin. The use with Probenecid is prohibited because regulatory documents state it causes a significant increase in Ketorolac plasma concentrations by inhibiting its renal clearance. Similarly, combining with Lithium is contraindicated because Ketorolac decreases its clearance, leading to a risk of toxicity.


Other Clinically Significant Interactions

Official labeling requires caution and monitoring when Ketorolac is co-administered with other agents. Ketorolac may reduce the effectiveness of ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, and Diuretics by antagonizing their effects on renal function. There is an additive risk of hemorrhage when used with Antiplatelet agents or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Co-administration with Methotrexate increases its toxicity due to officially documented decreased renal clearance. Additionally, Alcohol consumption increases the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. Regulatory notes advise that Elderly patients are at greater risk for certain adverse events, and volume-depleted patients face an increased risk of renal failure when combining with specific antihypertensives.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of Dolac (Ketorolac tromethamine) is centered on the competitive blockade of enzyme activity across key physiological pathways, resulting in modulation of mediator-driven signaling.

Non-Selective Cyclooxygenase Inhibition

The mechanism involves the non-selective inhibition of the Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes. This molecular interaction interrupts the initial step in the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway, preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostanoids like prostaglandins. This action suppresses the formation of chemical mediators that perpetuate specific physiological responses.

Dual-Site Pain Signal Modulation

Dolac's mechanism exerts influence at both peripheral sites of tissue disturbance and centrally within the spinal cord and brain. By suppressing the synthesis of prostaglandins (like PGE₂) locally, it dampens the chemical sensitization of nociceptors. Simultaneously, central COX inhibition modulates pain signal amplification, leading to a dual functional outcome characterized by the attenuation of nociceptive signal transmission.

Functional Constraints on Homeostasis

The non-selective action inherently extends the mechanism to the constitutive COX-1 enzyme, which regulates essential physiological housekeeping functions. This leads to the functional consequence of suppressing the synthesis of thromboxane A₂ in platelets and specific renal prostaglandins, thereby modulating mechanisms influencing hemostasis and renal vascular tone regulation.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to Use Dolac (Ketorolac): Official Administration Guidelines

Dolac is approved for short-term systemic use, with a strict limit on the total treatment duration across all formulations.

Administration Scope Official Regulatory Guideline
Routes of Administration Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Oral (Tablet), Intranasal (Nasal Spray).
Course Duration / Schedule The total combined duration of use for all systemic formulations (IV, IM, Oral) must not exceed 5 days in adults.
Oral Use Protocol The oral 10 mg tablet is indicated only as continuation therapy following initial IV or IM dosing and should not be given as an initial dose.
Standard Adult Dosing The maximum dose for the injectable solution (IV/IM) is 120 mg per day, while the maximum for the oral tablet is 40 mg per day. Multiple doses are generally administered at 4- to 6-hour intervals.
Population Adjustments Patients 65 years or older, those weighing less than 50 kg (110 lbs), and individuals with renal impairment require a reduced maximum daily dose for the injectable form, not to exceed 60 mg.
Procedural Conditions Intravenous bolus doses must be administered slowly, over no less than 15 seconds, and the intramuscular injection should be delivered slowly and deeply into the muscle.

This protocol establishes a mandatory sequence where the injectable route initiates therapy, followed by a time-limited transition to oral continuation, ensuring the overall systemic exposure remains within the five-day regulatory constraint.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research evidence / Overview of studies for Dolac (Ketorolac)


Evidence for Short-Term Postoperative Acute Pain Management

Ketorolac was evaluated in research exploring physical discomfort that arises suddenly following surgical procedures, which is a condition characterized by periods of heightened symptom activity. The core research includes many short-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews that compile the data from these trials. Researchers primarily evaluated the medication in adult patients following different types of surgery.

Studies report patterns where patients receiving Ketorolac were monitored regarding the total measured amounts of opioid pain medication used, compared to those in placebo groups over the initial post-operative period. Reports of pain intensity scores showed differing patterns across various time points and study populations. Research so far describes that the observed patterns were based on very short-term data, usually collected within the first two days of treatment, reflecting the short duration studied.

Study Focus: Pain Intensity and Opioid Use

This section describes the specific outcomes that researchers measured in the clinical trials, such as changes in patient-reported outcomes describing perceived discomfort and how the medication was studied by measuring the total opioid dose used. These findings contribute to the broader evidence landscape by helping to contextualize how patients reported their experience during periods of increased symptom activity.


Evidence for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain and Trauma

Studies examined the use of Ketorolac in conditions characterized by acute or disruptive episodes, such as sudden musculoskeletal pain or pain following trauma, which are often managed in emergency care settings. The studies utilized were typically short-term RCTs that focused on the outcomes of adult patients with these acute conditions.

The evidence derived from these acute care settings describes the short-term pain score data collected. However, these studies often have limited follow-up durations and modest sample sizes, meaning the results apply only to the populations studied and the specific conditions under which the research was conducted.


What Research Shows About Evidence Gaps

One significant limitation in the overall research landscape is the limited follow-up duration of most trials, meaning that long-term effects are not fully established and long-term outcomes are not well characterized. Additionally, data for certain groups remain insufficient, especially for pediatric patients (children), making it difficult to draw broad conclusions about their observed responses. Comparative evidence is limited in some areas regarding outcomes when the study monitored Ketorolac against other standard treatments.

Key Studies & References

  1. Intramuscular Ketorolac vs Oral Ibuprofen in Emergency Department Patients with Acute Pain
  2. Ketorolac - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf (Review on use, dosing, and risks)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Dolac (FAQ)


Q: Is Dolac the same type of medicine as ibuprofen or naproxen?

A: The active ingredient in Dolac, Ketorolac, belongs to the same pharmacological class as ibuprofen and naproxen—they are all Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).

Official labeling specifies that Dolac is reserved for the short-term management of moderately severe acute pain, distinguishing its intended use from that of common over-the-counter NSAIDs.


Q: How quickly does Dolac start to work after I take it?

A: According to official product information, the pain-relieving effects usually begin approximately 30 minutes after the medication is administered by injection (intravenous or intramuscular).

The maximum level of pain relief is typically achieved within the first one to two hours following administration.


Q: How long does the effect of a single dose of Dolac usually last?

A: Official data regarding the injectable form indicates that the duration of the analgesic effect from a single dose typically lasts for about four to six hours.

This duration is a factor considered when establishing the overall treatment schedule.


Q: Can Dolac cause stomach upset, and is there a way to avoid it?

A: Stomach upset, including symptoms like nausea and indigestion (dyspepsia), is noted in regulatory documents as a very common side effect.

Information in the official labeling indicates that the oral tablets can be taken with food, such as a meal or snack, or with an antacid, which may help mitigate this common side effect.


Q: What is the difference between Dolac and other common pain relievers?

A: Dolac is characterized in official documents as a potent NSAID indicated specifically for the short-term management of moderately severe acute pain.

This means it is used in clinical settings for pain levels that often require stronger, opioid-level pain relief.


Q: Can I take Dolac if I have high blood pressure?

A: Regulatory warnings indicate that all NSAIDs, including Dolac, may lead to the development of new high blood pressure or worsen existing hypertension.

Official documentation notes that patients with high blood pressure should be monitored closely when this class of medication is used.


Q: Does Dolac interact with common over-the-counter supplements like vitamins?

A: Official documents primarily detail drug-to-drug interactions. Information on non-medication supplements like vitamins is not fully characterized.

However, clinical reports suggest possible interaction risks with certain supplements, such as those containing Potassium or White Willow bark. Concerns regarding non-medication supplements are best addressed by consulting official information or a healthcare professional.


Q: Can Dolac affect my sleep?

A: Yes, official prescribing information lists effects on the central nervous system, which can include changes to sleep patterns.

Reported side effects include both somnolence (feeling drowsy) and insomnia (difficulty sleeping).


Q: Why do doctors prescribe Dolac for dental pain?

A: Dolac’s official purpose is the short-term management of moderately severe acute pain and inflammation.

Severe dental pain is one example of an acute pain condition for which a physician may consider this medication.


Q: Are there different strengths or dosages of Dolac available?

A: Yes, the medication is available in different strengths and forms, such as 10 mg oral tablets and injectable solutions in concentrations like 15 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL.

The availability of multiple forms and strengths supports different clinical routes of administration.


Q: Does Dolac have a withdrawal period if stopped suddenly?

A: Dolac is classified as a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and is not a narcotic.

Official prescribing information indicates that it is not associated with the same risks of physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms linked to opioid pain medications.


Q: Can Dolac be crushed or chewed?

A: Official patient instructions advise taking the oral tablet whole with a full glass of water.

Regulatory documentation does not provide instructions or clearance for crushing or chewing the tablet before swallowing.


Q: Why is Dolac not recommended for children?

A: The oral tablet is officially not approved for use in patients under 17 years of age.

Use in the pediatric population is generally restricted to very short-term post-operative pain management in specific, older pediatric patients under strict clinical circumstances.


Q: Does Dolac affect liver function?

A: Official safety information reports that elevation of liver enzymes is a possible side effect.

As with other NSAIDs, rare but serious adverse events, including liver failure, have been associated with its use.


Q: How is Dolac processed by the body (metabolism)?

A: Official pharmacokinetic data describes the process by which the body handles the drug.

Dolac is processed, or extensively conjugated, in the liver, and the principal route of elimination for the drug and its metabolites is renal (through the kidneys) in the urine.


Q: Is there a generic version of Dolac available?

A: Yes, the active ingredient, Ketorolac tromethamine, which is the chemical name for the drug, is widely available from multiple manufacturers as a generic drug product.


Q: What should I do if I accidentally take too much Dolac?

A: Official regulatory information emphasizes that the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest possible time.

Taking more than the recommended amount increases the risk for unwanted and potentially serious effects, particularly in older adults.


Q: Does Dolac make you feel 'high' or change your mood?

A: Central nervous system side effects are documented in official prescribing information and include changes in mood and thinking.

These can manifest as confusion, anxiety, depression, abnormal dreams, and in rare cases, euphoria or hallucinations.


Q: What is the recommended approach if I experience stomach discomfort while taking Dolac?

A: Regulatory warnings advise patients to be alert for any signs of serious stomach irritation or bleeding, such as persistent pain or dark stools.

In situations where a serious gastrointestinal adverse event is suspected, regulatory documentation indicates that immediate consultation with a healthcare professional or discontinuation of the medication may be required.


Q: Can people with diabetes safely take Dolac?

A: Official documentation notes that people with diabetes may be at an increased risk for serious cardiovascular events when using NSAIDs.

Additionally, there is a potential for drug interaction with certain oral medications used to manage diabetes.


Q: Is Dolac used for reducing fever?

A: Regulatory indications state that Dolac is primarily intended for the short-term management of moderate-to-severe pain.

It is generally not recommended or officially indicated for the specific purpose of managing or reducing fever.


Q: What is the half-life of Dolac?

A: Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that the half-life of the medication's racemic mixture (the time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body) has been reported to be approximately five to six hours.


Q: Is Dolac commonly associated with changes in blood sugar?

A: Dolac is not typically associated with changes in blood sugar levels by itself.

However, official warnings describe an increased risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) when this medication is used at the same time as insulin or certain other diabetes medications.


Q: Does taking Dolac with food change how it works?

A: Regulatory studies show that consuming the oral tablet with a high-fat breakfast can slow the rate at which the medication is absorbed by about one hour.

This change in timing does not significantly affect the total amount of the drug absorbed into the body.

How should Dolac be stored and disposed of?

Storage and Disposal Requirements for Dolac (Ketorolac Tromethamine)

The official storage conditions for Dolac are strictly regulated to maintain its stability and effectiveness, according to governmental labeling.

Storage Conditions

Requirement Details (Regulatory Standard)
Temperature Store at controlled room temperature, typically 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F).
Protection Must be protected from light and not allowed to freeze. Containers should be kept tightly closed in the original packaging.
Safety The medicine must be stored out of the sight and reach of children.
Stability Note Any unused portion of single-dose forms, such as the injectable solution, must be discarded immediately after administration.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired Dolac and related waste material must be disposed of in accordance with local requirements or national guidelines. It is officially instructed that the product must not be disposed of via wastewater or household trash to prevent environmental contamination.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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