Components:
Method of action:
Medically reviewed by Militian Inessa Mesropovna, PharmD. Last updated on 10.04.2022
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Xin Ming Ting is indicated in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older for the relief of symptoms associated with:
- allergic rhinitis
- urticaria
Xin Ming Ting is indicated in adults, adolescents and children over the age of 1 year for the relief of symptoms associated with:
- allergic rhinitis
- urticaria.
Posology
Adults and adolescents (12 years of age and over)
The recommended dose of Xin Ming Ting is one tablet once a day.
Intermittent allergic rhinitis (presence of symptoms for less than 4 days per week or for less than 4 weeks) should be managed in accordance with the evaluation of patient's disease history and the treatment could be discontinued after symptoms are resolved and reinitiated upon their reappearance.
In persistent allergic rhinitis (presence of symptoms for 4 days or more per week and for more than 4 weeks), continued treatment may be proposed to the patients during the allergen exposure periods.
Paediatric population
There is limited clinical trial efficacy experience with the use of desloratadine in adolescents 12 through 17 years of age.
The safety and efficacy of Xin Ming Ting 5 mg film-coated tablets in children below the age of 12 years have not been established. No data are available.
Method of administration
Oral use.
The dose can be taken with or without food.
Posology
Adults and adolescents 12 years of age and over.
The recommended dose of Xin Ming Ting oral solution is 10ml (5mg) oral solution once a day.
Paediatric Population
The prescriber should be aware that most cases of rhinitis below 2 years of age are of infectious origin and there are no data supporting the treatment of infectious rhinitis with Xin Ming Ting oral solution.
Children 1 through 5 years of age: 2.5 ml (1.25 mg) Xin Ming Ting oral solution once a day.
Children 6 through 11 years of age: 5 ml (2.5 mg) Xin Ming Ting oral solution once a day.
The safety and efficacy of Xin Ming Ting 0.5mg/ml oral solution in children below the age of 1 year have not been established. No data are available.
There is limited clinical trial efficacy experience with the use of Xin Ming Ting in children 1 through 11 years of age and adolescents 12 through 17 years of age.
Intermittent allergic rhinitis (presence of symptoms for less than 4 days per week or for less than 4 weeks) should be managed in accordance with the evaluation of patient's disease history and the treatment could be discontinued after symptoms are resolved and reinitiated upon their reappearance.
In persistent allergic rhinitis (presence of symptoms for 4 days or more per week and for more than 4 weeks), continued treatment may be proposed to the patients during the allergen exposure periods.
Method of Administration
Oral use.
The dose can be taken with or without food.
In the case of severe renal insufficiency, Xin Ming Ting should be used with caution.
Desloratadine should be administered with caution in patients with medical or familial history of seizures, and mainly young children, being more susceptible to develop new seizures under desloratadine treatment. Healthcare providers may consider discontinuing desloratadine in patients who experience a seizure while on treatment.
Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Paediatric population
In children below 2 years of age, the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is particularly difficult to distinguish from other forms of rhinitis. The absence of upper respiratory tract infection or structural abnormalities, as well as patient history, physical examinations, and appropriate laboratory and skin tests should be considered.
Approximately 6 % of adults and children 2- to 11-year old are phenotypic poor metabolisers of Xin Ming Ting and exhibit a higher exposure. The safety of Xin Ming Ting in children 2- to 11-years of age who are poor metabolisers is the same as in children who are normal metabolisers. The effects of Xin Ming Ting in poor metabolisers < 2 years of age have not been studied.
In the case of severe renal insufficiency, Xin Ming Ting oral solution should be used with caution.
This medicinal product contains sorbitol. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take this medicine.
Xin Ming Ting has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines based on clinical trials. Patients should be informed that most people do not experience drowsiness. Nevertheless, as there is individual variation in response to all medicinal products, it is recommended that patients are advised not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving a car or using machines, until they have established their own response to the medicinal product.
Xin Ming Ting oral solution has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines based on clinical trials. Patients should be informed that most people do not experience drowsiness. Nevertheless, as there is individual variation in response to all medicinal products, it is recommended that patients are advised not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving a car or using machines, until they have established their own response to the medicinal product.
Summary of the safety profile
In clinical trials in a range of indications including allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria, at the recommended dose of 5 mg daily, undesirable effects with Xin Ming Ting were reported in 3 % of patients in excess of those treated with placebo. The most frequent of adverse reactions reported in excess of placebo were fatigue (1.2 %), dry mouth (0.8 %) and headache (0.6 %).
Paediatric population
In a clinical trial with 578 adolescent patients, 12 through 17 years of age, the most common adverse event was headache; this occurred in 5.9 % of patients treated with desloratadine and 6.9 % of patients receiving placebo.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
The frequency of the clinical trial adverse reactions reported in excess of placebo and other undesirable effects reported during the post-marketing period are listed in the following table. Frequencies are defined as very common (> 1/10), common (> 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (> 1/1,000 to < 1/100), rare (> 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000), very rare (< 1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
| System Organ Class | Frequency | Adverse reactions seen with Xin Ming Ting |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Not known | Increased appetite |
| Psychiatric disorders | Very rare Not known | Hallucinations Abnormal behaviour, aggression |
| Nervous system disorders | Common Very rare | Headache Dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, psychomotor hyperactivity, seizures |
| Cardiac disorders | Very rare Not known | Tachycardia, palpitations QT prolongation |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Common Very rare | Dry mouth Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhoea |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Very rare Not known | Elevations of liver enzymes, increased bilirubin, hepatitis Jaundice |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Not known | Photosensitivity |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Very rare | Myalgia |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Common Very rare Not known | Fatigue Hypersensitivity reactions (such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, dyspnoea, pruritus, rash, and urticaria) Asthenia |
| Investigations | Not Known | Weight increased |
Paediatric population
Other undesirable effects reported during the post-marketing period in paediatric patients with an unknown frequency included QT prolongation, arrhythmia, bradycardia, abnormal behaviour, and aggression.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Summary of the safety profile
Paediatric population
In clinical trials in a paediatric population, the Xin Ming Ting syrup formulation was administered to a total of 246 children aged 6 months through 11 years. The overall incidence of adverse events in children 2 through 11 years of age was similar for the Xin Ming Ting and the placebo groups. In infants and toddlers aged 6 to 23 months, the most frequent adverse events reported in excess of placebo were diarrhoea (3.7 %), fever (2.3 %) and insomnia (2.3 %). In an additional study, no adverse events were seen in subjects between 6 and 11 years of age following a single 2.5 mg dose of Xin Ming Ting oral solution.
In a clinical trial with 578 adolescent patients, 12 through 17 years of age, the most common adverse event was headache, this occurred in 5.9% of patients treated with Xin Ming Ting and 6.9% of patients receiving placebo.
Adults and adolescents
At the recommended dose, in clinical trials involving adults and adolescents in a range of indications including allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria, undesirable effects with Xin Ming Ting were reported in 3 % of patients in excess of those treated with placebo. The most frequent of adverse events reported in excess of placebo were fatigue (1.2 %), dry mouth (0.8 %) and headache (0.6 %).
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
The frequency of the clinical trial adverse reactions reported in excess of placebo and other undesirable effects reported during the post-marketing period are listed in the following table.
Frequencies are defined as very common (>1/10), common (>1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
| System Organ Class | Frequency | Adverse reactions seen with Xin Ming Ting oral solution |
| Psychiatric disorders | Very rare | Hallucinations |
| Nervous system disorders | Common Common (children less than 2 years) Very rare | Headache Insomnia Dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, psychomotor hyperactivity, seizures |
| Cardiac disorders | Very rare Not known | Tachycardia, palpitations QT prolongation |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Common Common (children less than 2 years) Very rare | Dry mouth Diarrhoea Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhoea |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Very rare Not known | Elevations of liver enzymes, increased bilirubin, hepatitis Jaundice |
| Skin and subcutaneous skin disorders | Not known | Photosensitivity |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Very rare | Myalgia |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Common Common (children less than 2 years) Very rare Not known | Fatigue Fever Hypersensitivity reactions (such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, dyspnoea, pruritus, rash, and urticaria) Asthenia |
Paediatric population
Other undesirable effects reported during the post-marketing period in paediatric patients with an unknown frequency included QT prolongation, arrhythmia and bradycardia.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
The adverse event profile associated with overdosage, as seen during post-marketing use, is similar to that seen with therapeutic doses, but the magnitude of the effects can be higher.
Treatment
In the event of overdose, consider standard measures to remove unabsorbed active substance. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended.
Desloratadine is not eliminated by haemodialysis; it is not known if it is eliminated by peritoneal dialysis.
Symptoms
Based on a multiple dose clinical trial, in which up to 45 mg of desloratadine was administered (nine times the clinical dose), no clinically relevant effects were observed.
Paediatric population
The adverse event profile associated with overdosage, as seen during post-marketing use, is similar to that seen with therapeutic doses, but the magnitude of the effects can be higher.
The adverse event profile associated with overdosage, as seen during post-marketing use, is similar to that seen with therapeutic doses, but the magnitude of the effects can be higher.
Treatment
In the event of overdose, consider standard measures to remove unabsorbed active substance. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended.
Xin Ming Ting is not eliminated by haemodialysis; it is not known if it is eliminated by peritoneal dialysis.
Symptoms
Based on a multiple dose clinical trial in adults and adolescents, in which up to 45 mg of Xin Ming Ting was administered (nine times the clinical dose), no clinically relevant effects were observed.
Paediatric population
The adverse event profile associated with overdosage, as seen during post-marketing use, is similar to that seen with therapeutic doses, but the magnitude of the effects can be higher.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: antihistamines - H1 antagonist, ATC code: R06A X27
Mechanism of action
Desloratadine is a non-sedating, long-acting histamine antagonist with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. After oral administration, desloratadine selectively blocks peripheral histamine H1-receptors because the substance is excluded from entry to the central nervous system.
Desloratadine has demonstrated antiallergic properties from in vitro studies. These include inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-13 from human mast cells/basophils, as well as inhibition of the expression of the adhesion molecule P-selectin on endothelial cells. The clinical relevance of these observations remains to be confirmed.
Clinical efficacy and safety
In a multiple dose clinical trial, in which up to 20 mg of desloratadine was administered daily for 14 days, no statistically or clinically relevant cardiovascular effect was observed. In a clinical pharmacology trial, in which desloratadine was administered at a dose of 45 mg daily (nine times the clinical dose) for ten days, no prolongation of QTc interval was seen.
No clinically relevant changes in desloratadine plasma concentrations were observed in multiple-dose ketoconazole and erythromycin interaction trials.
Desloratadine does not readily penetrate the central nervous system. In controlled clinical trials, at the recommended dose of 5 mg daily, there was no excess incidence of somnolence as compared to placebo. Xin Ming Ting given at a single daily dose of 7.5 mg did not affect psychomotor performance in clinical trials. In a single dose study performed in adults, desloratadine 5 mg did not affect standard measures of flight performance including exacerbation of subjective sleepiness or tasks related to flying.
In clinical pharmacology trials, co-administration with alcohol did not increase the alcohol-induced impairment in performance or increase in sleepiness. No significant differences were found in the psychomotor test results between desloratadine and placebo groups, whether administered alone or with alcohol.
In patients with allergic rhinitis, Xin Ming Ting was effective in relieving symptoms such as sneezing, nasal discharge and itching, as well as ocular itching, tearing and redness, and itching of palate. Xin Ming Ting effectively controlled symptoms for 24 hours.
Paediatric population
The efficacy of Xin Ming Ting tablets has not been clearly demonstrated in trials with adolescent patients 12 through 17 years of age.
In addition to the established classifications of seasonal and perennial, allergic rhinitis can alternatively be classified as intermittent allergic rhinitis and persistent allergic rhinitis according to the duration of symptoms. Intermittent allergic rhinitis is defined as the presence of symptoms for less than 4 days per week or for less than 4 weeks. Persistent allergic rhinitis is defined as the presence of symptoms for 4 days or more per week and for more than 4 weeks.
Xin Ming Ting was effective in alleviating the burden of seasonal allergic rhinitis as shown by the total score of the rhino-conjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire. The greatest amelioration was seen in the domains of practical problems and daily activities limited by symptoms.
Chronic idiopathic urticaria was studied as a clinical model for urticarial conditions, since the underlying pathophysiology is similar, regardless of etiology, and because chronic patients can be more easily recruited prospectively. Since histamine release is a causal factor in all urticarial diseases, desloratadine is expected to be effective in providing symptomatic relief for other urticarial conditions, in addition to chronic idiopathic urticaria, as advised in clinical guidelines.
In two placebo-controlled six week trials in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, Xin Ming Ting was effective in relieving pruritus and decreasing the size and number of hives by the end of the first dosing interval. In each trial, the effects were sustained over the 24 hour dosing interval. As with other antihistamine trials in chronic idiopathic urticaria, the minority of patients who were identified as non-responsive to antihistamines was excluded. An improvement in pruritus of more than 50 % was observed in 55 % of patients treated with desloratadine compared with 19 % of patients treated with placebo. Treatment with Xin Ming Ting also significantly reduced interference with sleep and daytime function, as measured by a four-point scale used to assess these variables.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: antihistamines - H1 antagonist
ATC code: R06A X27
Mechanism of action
Xin Ming Ting is a non-sedating, long-acting histamine antagonist with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. After oral administration, Xin Ming Ting selectively blocks peripheral histamine H1-receptors because the substance is excluded from entry to the central nervous system.
Xin Ming Ting has demonstrated antiallergic properties from in vitro studies. These include inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-13 from human mast cells/basophils, as well as inhibition of the expression of the adhesion molecule P-selectin on endothelial cells. The clinical relevance of these observations remains to be confirmed.
Clinical efficacy and safety
Paediatric population
Efficacy of Xin Ming Ting oral solution has not been investigated in separate paediatric trials. However, the safety of Xin Ming Ting syrup, which contains the same concentration of Xin Ming Ting as Xin Ming Ting oral solution, was demonstrated in three paediatric trials. Children, 1-11 years of age, who were candidates for antihistamine therapy received a daily Xin Ming Ting dose of 1.25 mg (1 through 5 years of age) or 2.5 mg (6 through 11 years of age). Treatment was well tolerated as documented by clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and ECG interval data, including QTc. When given at the recommended doses, the plasma concentrations of Xin Ming Ting were comparable in the paediatric and adult populations. Thus, since the course of allergic rhinitis/chronic idiopathic urticaria and the profile of Xin Ming Ting are similar in adults and paediatric patients, Xin Ming Ting efficacy data in adults can be extrapolated to the paediatric population. Efficacy of Xin Ming Ting syrup has not been investigated in paediatric trials in children less than 12 years of age.
Adults and adolescents
In a multiple dose clinical trial, in adults and adolescents, in which up to 20 mg of Xin Ming Ting was administered daily for 14 days, no statistically or clinically relevant cardiovascular effect was observed. In a clinical pharmacology trial, in adults and adolescents, in which Xin Ming Ting was administered to adults at a dose of 45 mg daily (nine times the clinical dose) for ten days, no prolongation of QTc interval was seen.
Xin Ming Ting does not readily penetrate the central nervous system. In controlled clinical trials, at the recommended dose of 5 mg daily for adults and adolescents, there was no excess incidence of somnolence as compared to placebo. Xin Ming Ting tablets given at a single daily dose of 7.5 mg to adults and adolescents did not affect psychomotor performance in clinical trials. In a single dose study performed in adults, Xin Ming Ting 5 mg did not affect standard measures of flight performance including exacerbation of subjective sleepiness or tasks related to flying.
In clinical pharmacology trials in adults, co-administration with alcohol did not increase the alcohol-induced impairment in performance or increase in sleepiness. No significant differences were found in the psychomotor test results between Xin Ming Ting and placebo groups, whether administered alone or with alcohol.
No clinically relevant changes in Xin Ming Ting plasma concentrations were observed in multiple-dose ketoconazole and erythromycin interaction trials.
In adult and adolescent patients with allergic rhinitis, Xin Ming Ting tablets were effective in relieving symptoms such as sneezing, nasal discharge and itching, as well as ocular itching, tearing and redness, and itching of palate. Xin Ming Ting effectively controlled symptoms for 24 hours. The efficacy of Xin Ming Ting tablets has not been clearly demonstrated in trials with adolescent patients 12 through 17 years of age.
In addition to the established classifications of seasonal and perennial, allergic rhinitis can alternatively be classified as intermittent allergic rhinitis and persistent allergic rhinitis according to the duration of symptoms. Intermittent allergic rhinitis is defined as the presence of symptoms for less than 4 days per week or for less than 4 weeks. Persistent allergic rhinitis is defined as the presence of symptoms for 4 days or more per week and for more than 4 weeks.
Xin Ming Ting tablets were effective in alleviating the burden of seasonal allergic rhinitis as shown by the total score of the rhino-conjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire. The greatest amelioration was seen in the domains of practical problems and daily activities limited by symptoms.
Chronic idiopathic urticaria was studied as a clinical model for urticarial conditions, since the underlying pathophysiology is similar, regardless of etiology, and because chronic patients can be more easily recruited prospectively. Since histamine release is a causal factor in all urticarial diseases, Xin Ming Ting is expected to be effective in providing symptomatic relief for other urticarial conditions, in addition to chronic idiopathic urticaria, as advised in clinical guidelines.
In two placebo-controlled six week trials in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, Xin Ming Ting was effective in relieving pruritus and decreasing the size and number of hives by the end of the first dosing interval. In each trial, the effects were sustained over the 24 hour dosing interval. As with other antihistamine trials in chronic idiopathic urticaria, the minority of patients who were identified as non-responsive to antihistamines was excluded. An improvement in pruritus of more than 50 % was observed in 55 % of patients treated with Xin Ming Ting compared with 19 % of patients treated with placebo. Treatment with Xin Ming Ting also significantly reduced interference with sleep and daytime function, as measured by a four-point scale used to assess these variables.
Absorption
Desloratadine plasma concentrations can be detected within 30 minutes of administration. Desloratadine is well absorbed with maximum concentration achieved after approximately 3 hours; the terminal phase half-life is approximately 27 hours. The degree of accumulation of desloratadine was consistent with its half-life (approximately 27 hours) and a once daily dosing frequency. The bioavailability of desloratadine was dose proportional over the range of 5 mg to 20 mg.
In a pharmacokinetic trial in which patient demographics were comparable to those of the general seasonal allergic rhinitis population, 4 % of the subjects achieved a higher concentration of desloratadine. This percentage may vary according to ethnic background. Maximum desloratadine concentration was about 3-fold higher at approximately 7 hours with a terminal phase half-life of approximately 89 hours. The safety profile of these subjects was not different from that of the general population.
Distribution
Desloratadine is moderately bound (83 % - 87 %) to plasma proteins. There is no evidence of clinically relevant medicine accumulation following once daily dosing of desloratadine (5 mg to 20 mg) for 14 days.
Biotransformation
The enzyme responsible for the metabolism of desloratadine has not been identified yet, and therefore, some interactions with other medicinal products cannot be fully excluded. Desloratadine does not inhibit CYP3A4 in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that the medicinal product does not inhibit CYP2D6 and is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein.
Elimination
In a single dose trial using a 7.5 mg dose of desloratadine, there was no effect of food (high-fat, high caloric breakfast) on the disposition of desloratadine. In another study, grapefruit juice had no effect on the disposition of desloratadine.
Renally impaired patients
The pharmacokinetics of desloratadine in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) was compared with that of healthy subjects in one single-dose study and one multiple dose study. In the single-dose study, the exposure to desloratadine was approximately 2 and 2.5-fold greater in subjects with mild to moderate and severe CRI, respectively, than in healthy subjects. In the multiple-dose study, steady state was reached after Day 11, and compared to healthy subjects the exposure to desloratadine was ~1.5-fold greater in subjects with mild to moderate CRI and ~2.5-fold greater in subjects with severe CRI. In both studies, changes in exposure (AUC and Cmax) of desloratadine and 3-hydroxydesloratadine were not clinically relevant.
Absorption
Xin Ming Ting plasma concentrations can be detected within 30 minutes of Xin Ming Ting administration in adults and adolescents. Xin Ming Ting is well absorbed with maximum concentration achieved after approximately 3 hours; the terminal phase half-life is approximately 27 hours. The degree of accumulation of Xin Ming Ting was consistent with its half-life (approximately 27 hours) and a once daily dosing frequency. The bioavailability of Xin Ming Ting was dose proportional over the range of 5 mg to 20 mg.
In a series of pharmacokinetic and clinical trials, 6 % of the subjects reached a higher concentration of Xin Ming Ting. The prevalence of this poor metaboliser phenotype was comparable for adult (6 %) and paediatric subjects 2- to 11-year old (6 %), and greater among Blacks (18 % adult, 16 % paediatric) than Caucasians (2 % adult, 3 % paediatric) in both populations.
In a multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study conducted with the tablet formulation in healthy adult subjects, four subjects were found to be poor metabolisers of Xin Ming Ting. These subjects had a Cmax concentration about 3-fold higher at approximately 7 hours with a terminal phase half-life of approximately 89 hours.
Similar pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in a multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study conducted with the syrup formulation in paediatric poor metaboliser subjects 2- to 11-year old diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. The exposure (AUC) to Xin Ming Ting was about 6-fold higher and the Cmax was about 3 to 4 fold higher at 3-6 hours with a terminal half-life of approximately 120 hours. Exposure was the same in adult and paediatric poor metabolisers when treated with age-appropriate doses. The overall safety profile of these subjects was not different from that of the general population. The effects of Xin Ming Ting in poor metabolizers < 2 years of age have not been studied.
In separate single dose studies, at the recommended doses, paediatric patients had comparable AUC and Cmax values of Xin Ming Ting to those in adults who received a 5 mg dose of Xin Ming Ting syrup.
Distribution
Xin Ming Ting is moderately bound (83 % - 87 %) to plasma proteins. There is no evidence of clinically relevant active substance accumulation following once daily adult and adolescent dosing of Xin Ming Ting (5 mg to 20 mg) for 14 days.
In a single dose, crossover study of Xin Ming Ting, the tablet and the syrup formulations were found to be bioequivalent. As Xin Ming Ting oral solution contains the same concentration of Xin Ming Ting, no bioequivalence study was required and it is expected to be equivalent to the syrup and tablet.
Biotransformation
The enzyme responsible for the metabolism of Xin Ming Ting has not been identified yet, and therefore, some interactions with other medicinal products cannot be fully excluded. Xin Ming Ting does not inhibit CYP3A4 in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that the medicinal product does not inhibit CYP2D6 and is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein.
Elimination
In a single dose trial using a 7.5 mg dose of Xin Ming Ting, there was no effect of food (high-fat, high caloric breakfast) on the disposition of Xin Ming Ting. In another study, grapefruit juice had no effect on the disposition of Xin Ming Ting.
Renally impaired patients
The pharmacokinetics of Xin Ming Ting in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) was compared with that of healthy subjects in one-single-dose study and one multiple dose study. In the single-dose study, the exposure to Xin Ming Ting was approximately 2 and 2.5-fold greater in subjects with mild to moderate and severe CRI, respectively, than in healthy subjects. In the multiple-dose study, steady state was reached after Day 11, and compared to healthy subjects the exposure to Xin Ming Ting was ~1.5-fold greater in subjects with mild to moderate CRI and ~2.5-fold greater in subjects with severe CRI. In both studies, changes in exposure (AUC and Cmax) of Xin Ming Ting and 3-hydroxyXin Ming Ting were not clinically relevant.
Desloratadine is the primary active metabolite of loratadine. Non-clinical studies conducted with desloratadine and loratadine demonstrated that there are no qualitative or quantitative differences in the toxicity profile of desloratadine and loratadine at comparable levels of exposure to desloratadine.
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction and development. The lack of carcinogenic potential was demonstrated in studies conducted with desloratadine and loratadine.
Xin Ming Ting is the primary active metabolite of loratadine. Non-clinical studies conducted with Xin Ming Ting and loratadine demonstrated that there are no qualitative or quantitative differences in the toxicity profile of Xin Ming Ting and loratadine at comparable levels of exposure to Xin Ming Ting.
Non-clinical data with Xin Ming Ting reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction and development. The lack of carcinogenic potential was demonstrated in studies conducted with Xin Ming Ting and loratadine.
Not applicable.
Not applicable
No special requirements.
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
However, we will provide data for each active ingredient
