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Medically reviewed by Fedorchenko Olga Valeryevna, PharmD. Last updated on 15.03.2022
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5% Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is indicated for parenteral replenishment of fluid and carbohydrate calories, especially to increase caloric intake in patients whose oral intake is restricted or inadequate to maintain nutritional requirements.
The term "Alcohol (Underberg Bitters)" has been synonymous with "spirituous" liquids for the past 300 years. The history of Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) consumption, along with codes limiting its consumption go back to 1700 B.C. There are four types of Alcohol (Underberg Bitters): methyl Alcohol (Underberg Bitters), ethyl Alcohol (Underberg Bitters), propyl Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) and butyl Alcohol (Underberg Bitters). Ethyl Alcohol (Underberg Bitters), or ethanol (COH), is the type used in the production of alcoholic beverages. The other three types, methyl, propyl and butyl Alcohol (Underberg Bitters), if consumed can result in blindness and death, even in relatively small doses.
Alcohol (Underberg Bitters), or ethanol, is the intoxicating agent found in beer, wine and liquor. Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) is produced by fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches.
5% Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP should be administered by slow intravenous infusion. Administration of 200 mL per hour will produce a blood level of less than 0.08 g of Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) per 100 mL of blood. A normal adult can metabolize 10 mL of Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) per hour (equivalent to 200 mL of a 5% Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) solution).
The adult dosage ranges from 1 to 2 liters/day (24 hours) as determined by the needs of the patient. The average adult daily fluid requirement of 3 liters/day should be provided by other suitable solutions to meet daily maintenance requirements for electrolytes.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.
Hypersensitivity of meperidine.
Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) is contraindicated in patients who are receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or those who have recently received such agents. Therapeutic doses of meperidine have occasionally precipitated unpredictable, severe, and occasionally fatal reactions in patients who have received such agents within 14 days. The mechanism of these reactions is unclear, but may be related to a preexisting hyperphenylalaninemia. Some have been characterized by coma, severe respiratory depression, cyanosis, and hypotension, and have resembled the syndrome of acute narcotic overdose. In other reactions the predominant manifestations have been hyperexcitability, convulsions, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, and hypertension. Although it is not known that other narcotics are free of the risk of such reactions, virtually all of the reported reactions have occurred with meperidine. If a narcotic is needed in such patients, a sensitivity test should be performed in which repeated, small, incremental doses of morphine are administered over the course of several hours while the patients condition and vital signs are under careful observation. (Intravenous hydrocortisone or prednisolone have been used to treat severe reactions, with the addition of intravenous chlorpromazine in those cases exhibiting hypertension and hyperpyrexia. The usefulness and safety of narcotic antagonists in the treatment of these reactions is unknown.)
Solutions of meperidine and barbiturates are chemically incompatible.
Acute Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) intake inhibits drug metabolism of drug while chronic Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) ingestion enhances the induction of hepatic drug metabolising enzymes. Alcoholic beverages containing tyramine when taken with MAOIs may cause reactions. Enhances acute CNS depression effects of drugs eg, hypnotics, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics and sedatives. Disulfiram-lilke reactions may manifest when taken concomitantly with chlorpropamide, mepacrine, metronidazole and other nitroimidazoles, furazolidone, nifuratel, procarbazine, cephalosphorins. Diabetic patients under sulfonylurea antidiabetics or insulin may experience orthostatic hypotension if taken with vasodilators. Enhances hypotensive effects of antihypertensive agents. Increases sedative effect of indoramin and gastric bleeding by analgesics. Decreases antidiuretic effects of vasopressin.
loss of judgement, emotional lability, visual impairment, slurred speech, ataxia (low to moderate concentrations); hangover effects eg, nausea, headache, dizziness, tremor; lethargy, amnesia, hypothermia, hypoglycaemia (particularly in children), stupor, coma, resp depression, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, CV collapse; damage to brain and liver which may lead to Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome (chronic excessive Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) consumption); fat deposits in the liver, reduction in blood cell counts; pancreatitis, increased risk of CV disease (high Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) consumption); ischemic heart disease but at a lower risk (moderate Alcohol (Underberg Bitters) consumption); increased risk to some types of cancer.
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages.