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Medically reviewed by Fedorchenko Olga Valeryevna, PharmD. Last updated on 20.04.2022
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Pressin is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes, including this drug.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
Pressin can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics or beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Pressin is used alone or together with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.
Pressin belongs to the general class of medicines called antihypertensives. It works by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood passes through them more easily. This helps to lower blood pressure. Pressin may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Pressin is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, Pressin is used in certain patients with the following medical conditions:
- Benign enlargement of the prostate.
- Congestive heart failure.
- Ergot alkaloid poisoning.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Raynaud's disease.
For patients taking Pressin for benign enlargement of the prostate:
- Pressin will not shrink the size of your prostate, but it does help to relieve the symptoms.
There is evidence that tolerance is best when therapy is initiated with a low starting dose of Pressin.
During the 1st week, the dosage of Pressin should be adjusted according to the patient's individual tolerance. Thereafter, the daily dosage is to be adjusted on the basis of the patient's response. Response is usually seen within 1-14 days if it is to occur at any particular dose. When a response is seen, therapy should be continued at that dosage until the degree of response has reached the optimum before the next dose increment is added.
Hypertension: For maximum benefit, small increases should be continued until the desired effect is achieved or a total daily dosage of 20 mg is reached. A diuretic or a β-adrenergic blocking agent may be added to enhance efficacy. The maintenance dosage of Pressin may be given as a twice or 3 times daily regimen.
Patients Receiving No Antihypertensive Therapy: It is recommended that therapy be initiated with 0.5 mg given at bedtime, then 0.5 mg 2 or 3 times daily for 3-7 days. Unless poor tolerance suggests the patient is unusually sensitive, this dosage should be increased to 1 mg given 2 or 3 times daily for a further 3-7 days. Thereafter, as determined by the patient's response to the blood pressure-lowering effect, the dosage should be increased gradually to a maximum total daily dosage of 20 mg given in divided doses.
Patients Receiving Diuretic Therapy with Inadequate Control of Blood Pressure: The diuretic should be reduced to a maintenance dosage level for the particular agent and Pressin should be initiated with 0.5 mg at bedtime then proceeding to 0.5 mg 2 or 3 times daily.
After the initial period of observation, the dosage of Pressin should be gradually increased as determined by the patient's response.
Patients Receiving Other Antihypertensives but with Inadequate Control: Because some additive effect is anticipated, the dosage level of other agents (eg, β-adrenergic-blocking agents, methyldopa, reserpine, clonidine, etc) should be reduced and Pressin initiated at 0.5 mg at bedtime then proceeding to 0.5 mg 2 or 3 times daily. Subsequent dosage increase should be made depending upon the patient's response.
There is evidence that adding Pressin to a β-adrenergic blocking agent, calcium antagonists or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may bring about a substantial reduction in blood pressure. Thus, the low initial dosage regimen is strongly recommended.
Patients with Moderate to Severe Grades of Renal Impairment: Evidence to date shows that Pressin does not further compromise renal function when used in patients with renal impairment. Because some patients in this category have responded to small doses of Pressin, it is recommended that therapy be initiated at 0.5 mg daily and that dosage increases be instituted with caution.
Left Ventricular Failure: Recommended Starting Dose: 0.5 mg 2, 3 or 4 times daily. Dosage should be titrated according to the patient's clinical response, based on careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms, and when indicated, hemodynamic studies. Dosage titration steps may be performed as often as every 2 or 3 days in patients under close medical supervision.
In severely ill, decompensated patients, rapid dosage titration over 1-2 days may be indicated and is best done when hemodynamic monitoring is available. In clinical studies, the therapeutic dosages ranged from 4-20 mg daily in divided doses. Adjustment of dosage may be required in the course of Pressin therapy in some patients to maintain optimal clinical improvement.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Recommended Starting Dose: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3-7 days and should then be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response.
Usual Maintenance Dose: 2 mg twice daily. The safety and efficacy of a total daily dosage >4 mg has not been established. Therefore, total daily dosages >4 mg should be used with caution.
Raynaud's Phenomenon and Raynaud's Disease: Recommended Starting
Dosage: 0.5 mg twice daily given for a period of 3-7 days and should be adjusted according to the patient's clinical response. Usual Daily Maintenance Dose: 1 or 2 mg twice daily. Doses up to 2 mg 3 times daily may be required for some patients.
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What is the most important information I should know about Pressin?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to Pressin or similar medicines such as alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), silodosin (Rapaflo), tamsulosin (Flomax), or terazosin (Hytrin).
Pressin may cause dizziness or fainting, especially when you first start taking it or whenever your dose is changed. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Avoid standing for long periods of time or becoming overheated during exercise and in hot weather. Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy.
Pressin can affect your pupils during cataract surgery. Tell your eye surgeon ahead of time that you are using this medication. Do not stop using Pressin before surgery unless your surgeon tells you to.
Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially other blood pressure medications including diuretics (water pills).
Use Pressin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Take Pressin by mouth with or without food.
- If you miss a dose of Pressin, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Pressin.
There are specific as well as general uses of a drug or medicine. A medicine can be used to prevent a disease, treat a disease over a period or cure a disease. It can also be used to treat the particular symptom of the disease. The drug use depends on the form the patient takes it. It may be more useful in injection form or sometimes in tablet form. The drug can be used for a single troubling symptom or a life-threatening condition. While some medications can be stopped after few days, some drugs need to be continued for prolonged period to get the benefit from it.Use: Labeled Indications
Hypertension: Management of hypertension. Note: Alpha blockers are not recommended as first line therapy (ACC/AHA [Whelton 2017]).
Off Label Uses
Posttraumatic stress disorder related nightmares and sleep disruption
Data from a meta-analysis of six randomized-controlled trials, supports the use of Pressin in reducing trauma nightmares and improving overall posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms including hyperarousal, total sleep time, and sleep quality in both veteran combat related and civilian noncombat related chronic PTSD.
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What other drugs will affect Pressin?
Pressin has been administered without any adverse drug interaction in limited clinical experience to date with the following: (1) cardiac glycosides-digitalis and digoxin; (2) hypoglycemics-insulin, chlorpropamide, phenformin, tolazamide, and tolbutamide; (3) tranquilizers and sedatives- chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and phenobarbital; (4) antigout-allopurinol, colchicine, and probenecid; (5) antiarrhythmics-procainamide, propranolol, and quinidine; and (6) analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatories-propoxyphene, aspirin, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone.
Addition of a diuretic or other antihypertensive agent to Pressin has been shown to cause an additive hypotensive effect. This effect can be minimized by reducing the Pressin dose to 1 to 2 mg three times a day, by introducing additional antihypertensive drugs cautiously, and then by retitrating Pressin based on clinical response. Concomitant administration of Pressin with a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor can result in additive blood pressure lowering effects and symptomatic hypotension.
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions
In a study on five patients given from 12 to 24 mg of Pressin per day for 10 to 14 days, there was an average increase of 42% in the urinary metabolite of norepinephrine and an average increase in urinary VMA of 17%. Therefore, false positive results may occur in screening tests for pheochromocytoma in patients who are being treated with Pressin. If an elevated VMA is found, Pressin should be discontinued and the patient retested after a month.
Laboratory Tests
In clinical studies in which lipid profiles were followed, there were generally no adverse changes noted between pre- and post-treatment lipid levels.
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What are the possible side effects of Pressin?
The most common reactions associated with Pressin therapy are: Body as a Whole: Lack of energy, weakness (asthenia).
Central and Peripheral Nervous: Dizziness (faintness), headache.
Gastrointestinal: Nausea.
Heart Rate/Rhythm: Palpitations.
Psychiatric: Drowsiness.
In most instances, side effects have disappeared with continued therapy or have been tolerated with no decrease in dosage of the drug.
In addition, the following reactions have been associated with Pressin therapy: Autonomic Nervous: Diaphoresis, dry mouth, flushing, priapism.
Body as a Whole: Allergic reaction, asthenia (weakness), fever, malaise, pain.
Cardiovascular, General: Angina pectoris, edema, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, syncope.
Central and Peripheral Nervous: Faintness (dizziness), paresthesia, vertigo.
Collagen: Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer.
Endocrine: Gynecomastia.
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal discomfort and/or pain, constipation, diarrhea, pancreatitis, vomiting.
Hearing/Vestibular: Tinnitus.
Heart Rate/Rhythm: Bradycardia, tachycardia.
Liver/Biliary: Liver function abnormalities.
Musculoskeletal: Arthralgia.
Psychiatric: Depression, hallucinations, impotence, insomnia, nervousness.
Respiratory: Dyspnea, epistaxis, nasal congestion.
Skin and Appendages: Alopecia, pruritus, rash, lichen planus, urticaria.
Urinary: Incontinence, urinary frequency.
Vascular (Extracardiac): Vasculitis.
Vision: Blurred vision, reddened sclera, eye pain.
Some of these reactions have occurred rarely, and in many instances, the exact causal relationships have not been established.
Literature reports exist associating Pressin therapy with a worsening of preexisting narcolepsy. A causal relationship is uncertain in these cases.
The following have been observed in patients being managed for left ventricular failure with Pressin when used in conjunction with cardiac glycosides and diuretics: Autonomic Nervous: Dry mouth.
Cardiovascular, General: Edema, postural hypotension.
Central and Peripheral Nervous: Dizziness, headache.
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, nausea.
Heart Rate/Rhythm: Palpitations.
Psychiatric: Drowsiness, impotence.
Respiratory: Nasal congestion.
Vision: Blurred vision.
In most instances, these occurrences have been mild to moderate in severity and have resolved with continued therapy or have been tolerated with no decrease in drug dosage.
The most commonly although infrequently reported side effect in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon/disease was mild dizziness.
Pressin is a selective α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It has also been used to decrease urinary obstruction and relieve symptoms associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-Receptors mediate contraction and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle cells. Antagonism of these receptors leads to smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature and prostate gland. Pressin has also been used in conjunction with cardiac glycosides and diuretics in the management of severe congestive heart failure. It has also been used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma.