Nurofen Back Pain

Nurofen Back Pain 300mg Sustained Release Capsules

Nurofen Long Lasting Pain Relief 300mg Prolonged Release Capsules

Ibuprofen 300 mg/capsule

Excipient(s) with known effect:

Sucrose

Prolonged-release capsules, hard

Size 0, hard gelatin capsules with transparent, colourless caps and transparent colourless bodies, imprinted axially in red ink with "N 300", containing spherical white granules.

For the effective relief of backache, rheumatic pain and muscular pains.

During short-term use, if symptoms persist or worsen the patient should be advised to consult a doctor.

Adults, the elderly and children and adolescents between 12 and 18 years:

Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms.

If in children and adolescents this medicinal product is required for more than 3 days, or if symptoms worsen a doctor should be consulted.

If in adults the product is required for more than 10 days, or if the symptoms worsen, the patient should consult a doctor.

For oral administration.

Children and Adolescents between 12 and 18 years: One or two capsules taken twice daily.

Adults: One or two capsules taken twice daily.

The capsules should be taken together with water and swallowed whole. Do not chew or suck the capsules.

Do not take more than 4 capsules in 24 hours.

There should be at least 8 hours between doses.

Patients with a known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or any other constituent of the medicinal product.

Patients who have previously shown hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. asthma, rhinitis, angiodema, or urticaria) in response to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Active or history of recurrent peptic ulcer/haemorrhage (two or more distinct episodes of proven ulceration or bleeding.

History of gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, related to previous NSAIDS therapy.

Patients with severe hepatic failure, severe renal failure or severe heart failure (NYHA Class IV). During the last trimester of pregnancy as there is a risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus with possible persistent pulmonary hypertension. The onset of labour may be delayed and the duration increased with an increased bleeding tendency in both mother and child.

Severe heart failure.

).

The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal.

Respiratory:

Bronchospasm may be precipitated in patients suffering from, or with a history of, bronchial asthma or allergic disease.

Other NSAIDs:

The use of Nurofen long lasting pain relief 300mg sustained release capsules with concomitant NSAIDs, including cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors should be avoided

SLE and mixed connective tissue disease:

Systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease - increased risk of aseptic meningitis

Renal:

Renal impairment as renal function may further deteriorate

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents

Hepatic:

Hepatic dysfunction

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects:

Caution (discussion with doctor or pharmacist) is required prior to starting treatment in patients with a history of hypertension and/or heart failure as fluid retention, hypertension and oedema have been reported in association with

NSAID therapy

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at high dose (2400mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke). Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. ≤1200mg/day) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided.

Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking), particularly if high doses of ibuprofen (2400 mg/day) are required.

Impaired female fertility:

There is some evidence that drugs which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase/ prostaglandin synthesis may cause impairment of female fertility by an effect on ovulation. This is reversible on withdrawal of treatment.

Gastrointestinal:

NSAIDS should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) as these conditions may be exacerbated.

The elderly are at increased risk of the consequence of adverse reactions.

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.

Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly the elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as corticosteroids, or anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving ibuprofen, the treatment should be withdrawn.

Dermatological:

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk for these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Nurofen long lasting pain relief 300mg sustained release capsules should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other signs of hypersensitivity.

Advice for patients with sugar-related disorders:

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.

The leaflet will include:

If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product.

The label will include:

Read the enclosed leaflet before taking this product

Do not take if you:

o have (or have had two or more episodes of) a stomach ulcer, perforation or bleeding

o are allergic to ibuprofen, to any of the ingredients, or to aspirin or other painkillers

o are taking other NSAID pain killers, or aspirin with a daily dose above 75mg

o or the patient is under 12 years of age.

Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before use if you

o Have or have had asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, a stroke, heart, liver, kidney or bowel problems or are dehydrated

o Are a smoker

o Are pregnant

If symptoms persist or worsen, or if new symptoms occur, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Ibuprofen (like other NSAIDs) should be avoided in combination with:

- Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid): concomitant administration of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid is not generally recommended because of the potential of increased adverse effects, unless low-dose aspirin (not above 75mg daily) has been advised by a doctor as this may increase the risk of adverse reactions.

Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may competitively inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. Although there are uncertainties regarding extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation the possibility that regular, long-term use of ibuprofen may reduce the cardioprotective effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid cannot be excluded. No clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use.

- Other NSAIDS including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use of two or more NSAIDS as this may increase the risk of adverse effects

Ibuprofen should be used with caution in combination with:

- Corticosteroids: Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding.

- Antihypertensives and diuretics: since NSAIDs may diminish the effects of these drugs. In some patients with compromised renal function (e.g. dehydrated patients or elderly patients with compromised renal function) the co-administration of an ACE inhibitor or Angiotensin II antagonist and agents that inhibit cyclo-oxygenase may result in further deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure, which is usually reversible. These interactions should be considered in patients taking a coxib concomitantly with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists. Therefore, the combination should be administered with caution, especially in the elderly. Patients should be adequately hydrated and consideration should be given to monitoring of renal function after initiation of concomitant therapy, and periodically thereafter. Diuretics can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs.

- Anticoagulants: NSAIDs may enhance the effects of anti-coagulants, such as warfarin

- Anti-platelet agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding

- Cardiac glycosides: NSAIDs may exacerbate cardiac failure, reduced GFR and increased plasma glycoside levels.

- Lithium. There is evidence for potential increases in plasma levels of lithium.

- Methotrexate: There is evidence for the potential increase in plasma levels of methotrexate.

- Ciclosporin: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity

- Mifepristone: NSAIDs should not be used for 8-12 days after mifepristone administration as NSAIDs can reduce the effect of mifepristone.

- Tacrolimus: Possible increased risk of nephrotoxicity when NSAIDs are given with tacrolimus.

- Zidovudine: Increased risk of haematological toxicity when NSAIDs are given with zidovudine. There is evidence of an increased risk of haemarthroses and haematoma in HIV(+) haemophiliacs receiving concurrent treatment with zidovudine and ibuprofen.

- Quinolone antibiotics: Animal data indicate that NSAIDs can increase the risk of convulsions associated with quinolone antibiotics. Patients taking NSAIDs and quinolones may have an increased risk of developing convulsions.

Pregnancy:

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may adversely affect the pregnancy and/or the embryo/foetal development. Data from epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of miscarriage and of cardiac malformation and gastroschisis after use of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor in early pregnancy. The absolute risk for cardiovascular malformation was increased from less than 1%, up to approximately 1.5%. The risk is believed to increase with dose and duration of therapy. In animals, administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor has been shown to result in increased pre- and post-implantation loss and embryfoetal lethality. In addition, increased incidences of various malformations, including cardiovascular, have been reported in animals given a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor during the organogenetic period. During the first and second trimester of pregnancy, Nurofen should not be given unless clearly necessary. If Nurofen is used by a woman attempting to conceive, or during the first and second trimester of pregnancy, the dose should be kept as low and duration of treatment as short as possible.

During the third trimester of pregnancy, all prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors may expose the foetus to:

- cardiopulmonary toxicity (with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension);

- renal dysfunction, which may progress to renal failure with oligohydroamniosis;

the mother and the neonate, at the end of the pregnancy, to:

- possible prolongation of bleeding time, an anti-aggregating effect which may occur even at very low doses;

- inhibition of uterine contractions resulting in delayed or prolonged labour.

Consequently, Nurofen is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Lactation/Breastfeeding:

In limited studies, ibuprofen appears in the breast milk in very low concentration and is unlikely to affect the breast-fed infant adversely.

None expected at recommended doses and duration of therapy.

Adverse events which have been associated with Ibuprofen are given below, listed by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (>1/10), common (>1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (>1/1000 to <1/100), rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1000), very rare (<1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse events are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

The list of the following adverse events relates to those experienced with ibuprofen at OTC doses, for short-term use. In the treatment of chronic conditions, under long-term treatment, additional adverse events may occur.

The adverse events observed most often are gastrointestinal in nature. Adverse events are mostly dose-dependent, in particular the risk of occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding is dependent on the dosage range and duration of treatment.

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen (particularly at high doses 2400mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke),.

Description of Selected Adverse Reactions

¹ Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported following treatment with ibuprofen. These may consist of (a) non-specific allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, (b) respiratory tract activity comprising asthma, aggravated asthma, bronchospasm, dyspnoea or (c) assorted skin disorders, including rashes of various types pruritus, urticaria, purpura, angioedema and more rarely exfoliative and bullous dermatoses (including epidermal necrolysis and erythema multiforme).

²The pathogenic mechanism of drug-Induced aseptic meningitis is not fully understood. However, the available data on NSAID-related aseptic meningitis points to a hypersensitivity reaction (due to a temporal relationship with drug intake, and disappearance of symptoms after drug discontinuation). Of note, single cases of symptoms of aseptic meningitis (such as stiff neck, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever or disorientation) have been observed during treatment with ibuprofen, in patients with existing auto-immune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard

In children ingestion of more than 400mg/kg may cause symptoms. In adults the dose response effect is less clear cut. This product, sustained release capsules, has a half life of approximately 8 hours.

Symptoms:

Most patients who have ingested clinically important amounts of NSAIDs will develop no more than nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, or more rarely diarrhoea. Tinnitus, headache and gastrointestinal bleeding are also possible. In more serious poisoning, toxicity is seen in the central nervous system, manifesting as drowsiness, occasionally excitation and disorientation or coma. Occasionally patients develop convulsions. In serious poisoning metabolic acidosis may occur and the prothrombin time/ INR may be prolonged, probably due to interference with the actions of circulating clotting factors. Acute renal failure and liver damage may occur. Exacerbation of asthma is possible in asthmatics.

Management:

Management should be symptomatic and supportive and include the maintenance of a clear airway and monitoring of cardiac and vital signs until stable. Consider oral administration of activated charcoal if the patient presents within 1 hour of ingestion of a potentially toxic amount. If frequent or prolonged, convulsions should be treated with intravenous diazepam or lorazepam. Give bronchodilators for asthma.

ATC Code: M01AE01

Ibuprofen is a propionic acid derivative NSAID that has demonstrated its efficacy by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In humans, ibuprofen reduces inflammatory pain, swellings and fever. Furthermore, ibuprofen reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation.

Experimental data suggests that ibuprofen may competitively inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. Some pharmacodynamic studies show that when single doses of ibuprofen 400mg were taken within 8 h before or within 30 min after immediate release acetylsalicylic acid dosing (81mg), a decreased effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the formation of thromboxane of platelet aggregation occurred. Although there are uncertainties regarding extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation the possibility that regular, long-term use of ibuprofen may reduce the cardioprotective effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid cannot be excluded. No clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use.

The analgesic effects of a 2 capsule-dose (600mg) of sustained release ibuprofen last for up to 12 hours.

Ibuprofen is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Ibuprofen is extensively bound to plasma proteins.

Peak serum concentration occurs approximately 1-2 hours after administration.

Ibuprofen is metabolised in the liver to two major metabolites with primary excretion via the kidneys, either as such or as major conjugates, together with a negligible amount of unchanged ibuprofen. Excretion by the kidney is both rapid and complete.

Elimination half-life is approximately 2 hours.

T½ with this formulation is prolonged from 2 to 8 hours.

No significant differences in pharmacokinetic profile are observed in the elderly.

No relevant information, additional to that contained elsewhere in the SPC.

Sucrose and maize starch microgranules, polymers of methacrylic acid esters, povidone, polymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters, talc, colloidal silica.

Capsule Shells:

Gelatine, iron oxide ink (E172)

None

36 months

Do not store above 25°C

Blister packs composed of aluminium and opaque or clear PVC

Boxes of 12, 24, 28, 30, 36, 56 and 60 capsules

None stated

Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare (UK) Ltd

Slough

SL1 4AQ

PL 00063/0378

17/09/1997

18/09/2017