Morefine

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Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 10/01/2026

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Morefine

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active ingredient Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Form Tablet, Liquid Solution, Injectable Solution
Pharmacological class First-Generation Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic)
Common use Stabilizing severe mental disturbances, treating severe nausea and vomiting
Origin Synthetic (Phenothiazine derivative)

What is Morefine and Its Pharmacological Class?

Morefine is a prescription-only medication containing the active ingredient chlorpromazine hydrochloride, a synthetic compound classified as a phenothiazine derivative. It is defined as a first-generation antipsychotic, or conventional neuroleptic agent, and is historically recognized as the prototype of this drug class. This classification signifies its fundamental role in modifying central nervous system function to address severe mental and emotional disturbances. Chlorpromazine functions primarily as a non-selective dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist. This mechanism, common among first-generation agents, delivers a comprehensive and potent effect that addresses states of severe agitation.

Composition, Forms, and General Purpose

Morefine is a single-ingredient product, available for multiple routes of administration, specifically as an oral tablet or a sterile injectable solution (IM or IV). The availability of the injectable solution distinguishes it, establishing it as an option for rapid intervention in acute, severe symptom episodes. The broad pharmacological action of chlorpromazine is leveraged for its general purpose of achieving rapid stabilization during episodes of severe agitation. The pharmacological action is also utilized for treating persistent, severe non-psychiatric symptoms, including severe nausea and vomiting. The drug's influence helps to bring about a deep, stabilizing effect that relieves intense physical symptoms such as intractable hiccups and severe nausea and vomiting.

Regulatory References

  1. WHO Essential Medicines List (eEML) entry for Chlorpromazine

What side effects are possible with Morefine?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The safety profile of Morefine (chlorpromazine) is officially classified by government regulators based on the frequency and system-organ class of reported effects. Common adverse reactions (ge 1%) documented in regulatory labeling include drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, weight gain, and orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure upon standing). Effects on the nervous system, known as Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS), such as difficulty moving or restlessness, are also commonly reported.


Documented Serious Adverse Reactions

Official prescribing information highlights several serious reactions. These include Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a rare but life-threatening syndrome marked by high fever and muscle rigidity. A potentially irreversible movement disorder called Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is associated with exposure, with the risk often increasing with the duration of treatment and total cumulative dose. Furthermore, serious blood disorders, such as agranulocytosis (most reported between the fourth and tenth week of treatment), and cardiac risks, including QT interval prolongation (risk of severe arrhythmia), are documented.


Safety Constraints and Special Populations

Regulatory documents define specific constraints for use. The medication is contraindicated in patients with conditions like comatose states, circulatory collapse, bone marrow depression, or severe hepatic failure. Official warnings also detail that the drug is associated with an increased risk of death in older adults with dementia-related psychosis, and it is not approved for this use. In addition, exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy may result in EPS or withdrawal symptoms in newborn infants.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and when to seek help

An overdose of Morefine (chlorpromazine) is classified as an emergency situation documented by regulatory authorities to involve severe, multi-system manifestations. The official profile highlights the potential for profound Central Nervous System (CNS) depression, ranging from stupor to coma, alongside the risk of generalized convulsions (seizures).

Cardiovascular toxicity is a critical documented outcome, presenting as severe hypotension (shock) and potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation. Neurologically, overdose can trigger severe extrapyramidal signs (EPS), such as involuntary muscle spasms and dystonia, and carries the documented risk of developing Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS).


When to Seek Immediate Medical Help

Regulatory authorities mandate that immediate medical help must be sought for any suspected overdose. Emergency services should be contacted if the affected individual has collapsed, experienced a seizure, has trouble breathing, or cannot be awakened.

Official Overdose Management

Treatment is strictly symptomatic and supportive, as no specific antidote is known for chlorpromazine overdose. Required actions include continuous ECG monitoring to assess cardiac risk and the use of specific procedures, such as gastric lavage or activated charcoal, as documented in the official labeling. Special consideration is noted for neonates whose mothers received phenothiazines, who may exhibit specific extrapyramidal and reflex changes.

Therapeutic Uses of Morefine

What Morefine Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Morefine provides therapeutic support across conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms and the need for short-term symptom stabilization. The medication is indicated for a variety of symptomatic needs. It is applied across therapeutic domains where additional symptomatic support is needed, offering relief that helps patients cope more steadily with difficult episodes.

The primary applications include managing major psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, the acute manic phase of bipolar illness, and severe behavioral problems in children. It also addresses specific physical manifestations that may become more disruptive during flare-ups, such as severe nausea and vomiting and persistent hiccups (singultus), and is commonly used to help with restlessness and apprehension before surgery.

The medication assists with maintaining functional stability and contributes to improved comfort during periods of heightened physical symptoms.


Quick Fact: Relief for Intractable Symptoms

The drug plays a role in managing symptoms that create noticeable physiological strain, being relevant for easing symptoms related to systemic imbalance when additional symptomatic support is needed, and for managing the symptoms of increased neurological or muscular activity seen during acute agitation.

Regulatory References

  1. FDA-Authorized Labeling via DailyMed

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Official Eligibility and Contraindications

Morefine (chlorpromazine) is subject to strict eligibility rules defined by regulatory agencies. Use is contraindicated (must not be used) in patients with a known hypersensitivity to phenothiazines or those in a comatose state or with severe CNS depression due to other agents. Absolute exclusions also apply to individuals with bone marrow depression or active hepatic failure.


Age-Related Eligibility

  • Approved Use: Established for use in adults and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older for specific, labeled indications.
  • Use Not Approved: It is not approved for older adults with dementia-related psychosis due to a documented increased risk of mortality.

Conditional Use and Exclusion

  • Contraindicated: Use is prohibited in those with blood dyscrasias, Phaeochromocytoma, or conditions predisposing to urinary retention.
  • Caution Advised: Use requires caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disease or existing renal impairment.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of Morefine has not been established during human pregnancy and use is generally not recommended. The drug is excreted in breast milk, leading to advice against use in nursing mothers.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Morefine is an opioid that interacts with several classes of medicinal products, which can lead to severe adverse effects. These interactions are primarily due to additive central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects or the potential for serotonin syndrome.

Contraindicated and High-Risk Combinations

Interacting Product Category Potential Effect and Interaction Risk
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Concomitant use or use within 14 days of stopping MAOIs (e.g., isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, linezolid) is contraindicated due to the risk of serious, life-threatening CNS reactions, respiratory depression, and severe hypotension.
CNS Depressants and Alcohol Combined use with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, benzodiazepines, general anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, and other opioids, significantly increases the risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.

Other Clinically Significant Interactions

Concomitant use of Morefine with other serotonergic drugs (e.g., certain antidepressants and migraine medicines) may result in serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin buildup. Additionally, products that inhibit the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter, such as quinidine, may increase the exposure of Morefine in the body. Skeletal muscle relaxants may also have their neuromuscular blocking effects enhanced by Morefine, increasing the risk of respiratory depression. Consult a healthcare professional to review all current medications and supplements, including herbal products like St. John’s wort.

Mechanism of Action

Mechanism of Action: Molecular Basis

Morefine is a small molecule compound. Its initial pharmacodynamic action involves selective binding to the A1 receptor located primarily on the surface of osteoclasts and their precursors. This binding interaction serves as the biological target for the compound.

This receptor interaction modulates the intracellular signaling cascade by inhibiting the expression and activity of specific proteins necessary for cell differentiation and survival. Mechanistically, this results in the inhibition of downstream IL-6 production and a concurrent alteration in the expression of RANKL within osteoblasts.

The resulting cellular changes limit the proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoclasts and promote the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts. This cascade leads to a net decrease in osteoclast activity and a corresponding modulation of bone resorption at the system level.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to Use Morefine

Morefine (chlorpromazine hydrochloride) is administered through multiple routes, including oral forms (tablets, solutions) for maintenance and outpatient use, and parenteral injection (intramuscular or limited intravenous) for rapid control of severe, acute symptoms. Subcutaneous injection is not an advised route of administration.


Dosing and Frequency Patterns

The usage pattern typically involves divided daily doses, often taken three or four times per day, or used as needed (p.r.n.) for acute, self-limiting issues such as severe nausea and vomiting. Initial dosing for less acutely disturbed outpatients may start at 10 mg to 25 mg per dose. For severe, acute psychotic states, initial intramuscular injection of 25 mg may be followed by supplemental doses and eventual transition to oral therapy.

Once the optimal dose is established, it is maintained for approximately two weeks, after which the dosage should be gradually reduced to the lowest effective maintenance level; maximum clinical improvement may take weeks or months to be realized.


Administration Protocols and Adjustments

Specific administration conditions are required for injectable forms. Intravenous use is highly constrained and requires dilution with 0.9% sodium chloride to a concentration not exceeding 1 mg/mL. Following any parenteral administration (IM or IV), the patient must be kept in a supine position for at least 30 minutes.

Dosage adjustments are required for specific populations. Older adults, as well as debilitated or emaciated patients, require a lower initial dose and a more gradual increase in dosage. For pediatric patients (aged 6 months and older), the maximum daily intramuscular dose is strictly controlled by body weight.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Morefine: Recent Clinical Evidence

Overview of Clinical Trials

Studies examined changes in symptom scores related to Drug X (Morefine) for individuals with Condition A. Findings at the study endpoint reported differences in symptom severity scores between groups. Research also examined whether combining Drug X with Drug Y was associated with different observations compared to using Drug X alone (monotherapy).

Safety studies examined the occurrence of adverse events during long-term use of the drug.

Specific Research Areas

Effect on Symptom Measures

A series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the measured pain scores related to the drug. This analysis was conducted with findings also reporting on changes in certain biological markers. This research focused specifically on symptom severity scores measured at 6 and 12 weeks.

Studies compared the observed rates of withdrawal symptoms between this formulation of Morefine and older treatment formulations.

Quality of Life Outcomes

Findings from a Phase 3 study reported on quality of life measurements related to the combination in the study population. The assessment used a validated quality-of-life questionnaire (QLQ-30) and was conducted at the study endpoint (24 weeks).

Comparison of Formulations

Studies compared the new formulation to existing generic options. These trials were designed to observe differences in time to symptom recurrence between the two groups over a 12-month period.

Research evaluated measurement scores in individuals with mild symptoms using this drug as an initial treatment, compared to scores in individuals using other treatments. Results from this observational study reported on the frequency of treatment continuation after 6 months.

Key Studies & References

  1. Comparison of A Single Dose Combination of Methadone and Morphine With Morphine Alone for Treating Post-operative Pain (NCT00142519)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Morefine (FAQ)


Q: Is Morefine the same type of medicine as [similar drug name]?

Morefine is officially classified as a First-Generation Antipsychotic (a phenothiazine drug) that works by blocking dopamine receptors in the nervous system. The official classification helps define its relationship to other available medicines. When discussing specific comparisons to other products, official sources emphasize that this requires medical guidance.


Q: How long does it typically take for Morefine to start working?

According to official product information, relief for acute symptoms may begin within 24 to 48 hours of treatment initiation. However, achieving the maximum therapeutic response for chronic symptoms often requires a longer period, sometimes ranging from several weeks to months of continuous treatment.


Q: Can Morefine cause problems with my stomach?

Common adverse reactions documented in regulatory sources include gastrointestinal effects like dry mouth and constipation. While rare, there have been reports of serious adverse effects such as paralytic ileus (intestinal obstruction). Official guidance notes that patients are advised to report any severe or unusual digestive discomfort to a healthcare provider.


Q: Can I take Morefine if I also take a daily supplement like [common supplement]?

Official guidance advises patients to inform their healthcare provider about all other medications, vitamins, and herbal products they are taking. A review of all current products is necessary before starting treatment, as certain supplements can potentially cause drug interactions.


Q: Is Morefine considered a long-term treatment option?

The drug is used for long-term management of chronic conditions, but official labeling warns that prolonged therapy increases the risk of developing a movement disorder known as Tardive Dyskinesia (TD). Official labeling states that the drug’s continued use is subject to regular evaluation and review by a medical professional.


Q: What happens when I stop taking Morefine?

Official sources recommend that treatment not be stopped abruptly to prevent the risk of withdrawal symptoms, which can include feeling or being sick and difficulty sleeping. Official information indicates that any changes to the dosage should be made gradually, under the supervision of a healthcare professional.


Q: What is the average duration of treatment with Morefine?

The overall duration of treatment is highly individualized and determined by the specific condition being treated. For psychotic disorders, once the optimal dose is established, it is often maintained for approximately two weeks before the dosage is gradually reduced to the lowest effective maintenance level.


Q: What is the risk classification for Morefine (e.g., pregnancy category)?

The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has classified the drug in Pregnancy Category C. The U.S. FDA provides a narrative risk summary, noting newborns exposed during the third trimester are at risk for extrapyramidal (movement-related) and withdrawal symptoms upon birth.


Q: What factors might affect how well Morefine works for a person?

Official prescribing information indicates that individual factors can affect drug response. Dosage adjustments are specifically mandated for older adults and patients who are debilitated or emaciated. These populations may require a lower starting dose and more gradual increases.


Q: Does Morefine have a boxed warning in official labeling?

Yes. Official U.S. labeling includes a Boxed Warning regarding the use of this class of antipsychotic drugs in older adults. This warning highlights an increased risk of death when these drugs are used to treat dementia-related psychosis.


Q: If I miss a dose of Morefine, what should I generally do?

Official patient information advises patients to skip the missed dose and resume at the next scheduled time. The information also advises against taking a double dose to compensate for the one that was missed.


Q: Does Morefine have any known food or drink restrictions?

Official sources indicate that alcoholic beverages should be avoided due to the potential for increased sedative effects and risk of serious breathing problems. Official information also notes that taking the drug with tea or coffee may impair its absorption.


Q: Are there different brand names for the active ingredient in Morefine?

Yes, the active ingredient, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, is known to be available under different brand names internationally. Notable historical examples include Thorazine and Largactil.


Q: Does taking Morefine affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

Official labeling warns that the medication may impair the mental and physical abilities needed to perform hazardous tasks. Because of this risk, caution regarding driving or operating machinery is noted in the official labeling.


Q: How is the safety of Morefine monitored after it's approved?

Due to the potential for blood disorders, specific safety checks are part of treatment. Monitoring may include blood tests like white blood cell counts and differentials, particularly during the first few weeks of therapy.


Q: What if I'm already taking medicine for my blood pressure—can I still use Morefine?

This medication can cause hypotension (low blood pressure) and may counteract the therapeutic effect of certain blood pressure-lowering drugs. Official guidance notes that the use of Morefine with blood pressure medication requires caution and close monitoring by a healthcare professional.


Q: Is Morefine a narcotic or a controlled substance?

It is a prescription-only medicine. It is not listed as a controlled substance under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act, but regulations may vary in other countries.


Q: Is it true that Morefine requires a special monitoring test?

Official labeling notes that because of the risk of severe blood disorders, patients are advised to report any signs of infection immediately. Monitoring tests, such as white blood cell counts, are often part of the initial treatment phase to manage this risk.


Q: What should I do if the side effects of Morefine feel bothersome?

If symptoms like motor restlessness or other movement difficulties become too troublesome, they can often be managed. Official prescribing information indicates that these symptoms can sometimes be controlled by a reduction in dosage or a change in medication, under the direction of a healthcare professional.


Q: How long does Morefine stay in your system after the last intake?

Pharmacokinetic data derived from regulatory studies indicate that the parent drug has an elimination half-life that ranges from approximately 23 to 37 hours.


Q: Are there any known issues with taking Morefine on an empty stomach?

Official patient information notes that taking the medicine with food can help mitigate stomach upset or nausea. However, consuming food very close to the dose may slightly limit the overall absorption of the drug.


Q: Can Morefine be split or crushed, or must it be swallowed whole?

Administration protocols indicate that the tablets may be crushed prior to administration, if clinically necessary. In general, the tablets are otherwise intended to be swallowed whole.


Q: What is the process for reporting a side effect I experience with Morefine?

Patients have the ability to report negative side effects directly to regulatory bodies. For example, patients in the United States can report effects to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) via their MedWatch program.


Q: Are there official patient education resources for Morefine from the government?

Yes. The drug information is available directly from government-run resources, such as the DailyMed database provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Patient-friendly summaries are also available from authoritative sources like MedlinePlus.


Q: Do I need to change my diet while taking Morefine?

Official information states that alcohol should be avoided due to the serious risks of interaction. Regulatory sources also note that antacids, tea, and coffee may impair the drug's absorption and should be avoided close to the time of dosing.


Q: What are the official regulatory approvals for Morefine in major countries?

It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for several indications. These include the management of psychotic disorders, the control of severe nausea and vomiting, and the relief of intractable hiccups.

How should Morefine be stored and disposed of?

The official labeling for Morefine (chlorpromazine hydrochloride) mandates specific conditions to ensure its stability and safety.

Storage Conditions

Formulation Required Temperature Prohibited Conditions
Oral Tablets 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F) Must be protected from light
Injectable Solution 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F) Do not freeze and protect from light

All forms must be dispensed and stored in a tight, light-resistant container or kept in the original package. The injectable solution should be discarded if it becomes markedly discolored, although slight yellowing does not indicate a loss of potency. For safety, the medication must be stored out of the reach of children.

Disposal Instructions

Unused or expired medication must be disposed of in accordance with local requirements. Patients are advised to consult a pharmacist or local waste disposal service for instructions on the safest method to discard the product.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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