Caveril

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Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 10/01/2026

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Caveril

Property Description
Active ingredient Verapamil Hydrochloride
Form Tablets (Immediate- and Extended-release), Sterile Solution (Intravenous)
Pharmacological class Calcium Channel Blocker (Non-Dihydropyridine), Class IV Antiarrhythmic Agent
General therapeutic purpose Heart rate regulation and blood vessel relaxation
Origin Synthetic Phenylalkylamine Derivative

Caveril is the medicinal entity containing the active ingredient Verapamil Hydrochloride, which is primarily categorized as a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB), belonging to the Non-Dihydropyridine subclass. This prescription-only synthetic Phenylalkylamine Derivative operates by modulating the flow of calcium ions across cell membranes in the cardiovascular system.

Verapamil’s primary distinction lies in its dual action, which impacts both the heart's electrical conduction and vascular smooth muscle tone. This positions it as a specialized Antiarrhythmic Agent. Its role in managing cardiovascular issues has been clinically recognized for decades. The compound is notably administered as a racemic mixture, with the S-enantiomer confirmed to possess the greater pharmacological activity.

The preparation is available in various dosage forms, including oral tablets—available in both immediate-release and specialized extended-release formats—and a sterile solution for intravenous administration. These forms are designed to enable application across different patient needs, from rapid acute intervention to sustained long-term management. The general therapeutic purpose of Caveril is to regulate heart rhythm, particularly in Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias, and to promote peripheral vasodilation to reduce elevated Systemic Vascular Resistance in patients with Hypertension.

Regulatory References

  1. WHO List of Essential Medicines
  2. World Health Organization

What side effects are possible with Caveril?

Official Adverse Reaction Profile

The possible side effects of Caveril (Verapamil Hydrochloride) are officially documented and classified by regulatory bodies, ranging from very common events to rare, serious adverse reactions.

Frequency Classification

Constipation is classified as a Very Common adverse reaction, particularly with oral formulations. Common effects, documented in regulatory labeling, include Dizziness, Headache, Bradycardia (slowed heart rate), Flushing, Hypotension (low blood pressure), Nausea, and Peripheral Edema (swelling of the extremities).

Rare effects noted in official sources include Paresthesia, Tremor, Vomiting, and Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). Certain severe reactions, such as Angioedema and severe cutaneous conditions like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), have been reported in post-marketing experience and are listed with Not Known frequency.

Systemic Safety Concerns

The safety profile reflects a concentration of effects within specific system-organ classes. Cardiac Disorders include Bradycardia, various degrees of Atrioventricular (AV) Block, and the potential for new-onset or exacerbation of Heart Failure. Gastrointestinal Disorders are predominantly marked by Constipation. Nervous System Disorders commonly involve Headache and Dizziness. Adverse effects on the Hepatobiliary Disorders class, such as elevated liver enzymes, have also been documented.

Serious Adverse Reactions and Safety Constraints

Official labeling documents highlight serious adverse reactions, including Severe Hypotension and High-grade AV Block (second or third degree). The medication is Contraindicated in patients with conditions such as Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Cardiogenic Shock, and certain arrhythmias involving an accessory bypass tract (e.g., Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome).

Population-Specific Safety: The regulatory profile specifies caution for Older Adults, who may be more susceptible to effects like hypotension and bradycardia. Patients with Hepatic Impairment require close monitoring and significant dose reduction due to the high risk of drug accumulation and potentiation of adverse effects.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

The official regulatory profile specifies that an overdose of Caveril (Verapamil) is defined by signs of severe cardiovascular toxicity. Documented manifestations include profound hypotension, severe bradycardia (slow heart rate), sinus arrest, and high-degree AV block (second- or third-degree). These cardiac conduction disturbances can rapidly progress to life-threatening outcomes such as cardiogenic shock, cardiovascular collapse, and in some cases, asystole.

Immediate medical attention is required for any suspected or confirmed overdose. Regulatory guidance explicitly states that emergency services and poison control centers must be contacted right away due to the critical nature of the symptoms and the potential for rapid deterioration.

A specific regulatory note concerns the drug's formulation: the sustained-release (SR) tablets carry a risk of delayed toxicity, where symptoms may be prolonged or peak many hours after ingestion. Treatment, described as supportive and individualized, must be initiated immediately, utilizing measures such as the intravenous administration of calcium and specialized vasopressor agents, as no specific antidote is known for Verapamil. Furthermore, elderly patients are identified in official labeling as potentially being more susceptible to extreme bradycardia and asystole.

Therapeutic Uses of Caveril

Caveril (Verapamil) may be applied across three key therapeutic domains involving heightened physiological activity to help support symptom management and functional comfort. Its use is relevant in conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms in the cardiovascular system.

This medication is relevant for managing symptom clusters related to heightened physiological activity, such as palpitations or a racing, irregular heartbeat associated with Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias. It is also commonly used to help manage the symptoms of Angina Pectoris and is commonly used in conditions associated with systemic imbalance, such as Essential Hypertension.

“The medication contributes to stability by supporting the goal of slowing and managing the heart rate in certain arrhythmias.”

It contributes to easing the overall symptom burden during difficult episodes by providing support for reducing the intensity of anginal episodes and generally assists patients in maintaining functional stability. This long-term use is considered relevant for easing functional stress and plays a role in managing conditions which may assist with lowering the likelihood of future cardiovascular issues.


Quick Fact: Support for Angina Discomfort Caveril is commonly used to help manage chest pain and pressure, which supports patients in achieving improved day-to-day comfort during symptomatic periods and may enhance tolerance for routine physical activity.

Regulatory References

  1. NIH MedlinePlus overview of Verapamil

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Population Eligibility Rules for Caveril (Verapamil)

The official regulatory documentation for Caveril defines specific populations who are prohibited from using the medicine (contraindications) and groups for whom use is restricted or requires caution.

Absolute Contraindications

Caveril must not be used in patients with:

  • Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction (ejection fraction less than 30%) or cardiogenic shock.
  • Hypotension (systolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg).
  • Second- or Third-Degree Atrioventricular (AV) Block or Sick Sinus Syndrome, unless a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker is present.
  • Atrial Flutter or Atrial Fibrillation when an accessory bypass tract (such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) is also present.

Age and Organ Function Restrictions

Population Group Regulatory Status
Pediatric Patients (Oral) Safety and effectiveness of oral formulations are not established.
Older Adults Use requires caution; a lower initial dose may be warranted.
Impaired Hepatic Function Must be used with caution and close monitoring due to prolonged clearance.
Impaired Renal Function Use with caution and close monitoring is recommended.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Caveril is classified as FDA Pregnancy Category C, meaning use is only permitted if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. Verapamil is excreted into human milk, and discontinuation of nursing is generally advised while the medicine is being taken, as stated in the regulatory label.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Caveril's (Verapamil) official interaction profile is characterized by its effect on the heart's electrical system and its role as a metabolic inhibitor.

Interaction Type Interacting Substances/Classes Outcome and Restriction
Contraindicated Combinations Intravenous Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs Co-administration is formally prohibited due to the risk of severe depression of myocardial contractility and AV conduction [Source: FDA].
Specific Timing Rule Disopyramide Must not be administered within 48 hours before or 24 hours after Caveril administration [Source: FDA].
Pharmacodynamic Effects Oral Beta-Blockers, Antiarrhythmic Agents Risk of additive negative effects on heart rate (bradycardia) and AV conduction [Source: EMA/FDA].
Metabolic/Transporter Effects CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., Ritonavir) May increase Verapamil plasma concentrations [Source: EMA/FDA].
Metabolic/Transporter Effects Digoxin, Simvastatin, Lovastatin Verapamil increases the plasma concentrations of these P-gp and/or CYP3A4 substrates, which requires careful management of the co-administered drug [Source: EMA/FDA].

Food and Substance Interactions

Interactions with specific food items and substances are documented in regulatory labeling:

  • Grapefruit Juice may significantly increase the plasma concentrations of Verapamil [Source: FDA].
  • Alcohol (Ethanol) elimination may be inhibited by Verapamil, potentially resulting in elevated blood alcohol levels and prolonged effects [Source: FDA].

Regulatory documents also note that the interaction between Verapamil and Digoxin is magnified in patients with pre-existing hepatic cirrhosis [Source: FDA].

Mechanism of Action

️ Selective Blockade of Calcium Channels

Caveril's mechanism is defined by its role as a non-competitive blocker of L-type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels ( L-VGCCs), primarily targeting those in the cardiac conduction system and arteriolar smooth muscle. This interaction, which is enhanced during high-frequency channel activation (use-dependence), initiates a cascade that suppresses calcium influx, the calcium signal required for both electrical and mechanical activity.

Dual Modulation of Heart Rate and Tone

The drug's single molecular action results in two simultaneous physiological effects: cardiac electrical control and vascular mechanical modulation. By slowing the firing rate in the SA node and prolonging conduction through the AV node, the mechanism exerts negative chronotropy and negative dromotropy. Simultaneously, limiting Ca^2+ availability to the blood vessel walls triggers their relaxation, resulting in peripheral vasodilation.

Dosage and Administration Information

How to use Caveril — Administration Guidelines

Caveril (Verapamil Hydrochloride) is administered through two primary recognized routes: oral for long-term management and intravenous (IV) injection for acute, monitored situations. The drug’s usage protocol is dependent on the specific formulation and patient characteristics.

Dosing and Administration

Administration Aspect Details
Oral Dosing Range Immediate-Release (IR) tablets typically start at 80 mg three times daily. Extended-Release (ER) regimens generally range from 180 mg to 240 mg once daily, with some ER formulations administered specifically at bedtime.
IV Dosing The initial bolus dose for adults is 5 mg to 10 mg (or 0.075 mg/kg to 0.15 mg/kg). This must be given as a slow injection over at least two minutes.
Population Adjustment Initial doses for older adults and patients with hepatic impairment must be reduced, as the drug’s metabolism is altered in these groups. The IV dose in older patients must be administered over a minimum of three minutes.

Procedural Instructions

Extended-release tablets and capsules must not be crushed, cut, or chewed, as this action compromises the controlled release of the medicine. However, specific extended-release capsules may be carefully opened, and the contents sprinkled onto a small amount of soft food, such as applesauce, and swallowed immediately.

If a dose of the oral medication is missed, the general practice is to skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule with the next dose; double doses should not be taken. For long-term therapy, discontinuation should not be abrupt; a protocol of gradual dosage tapering is recommended.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence Overview for Caveril (Verapamil)

Evidence for use in Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias (SVT)

Research examined patterns related to heart rhythm. Short-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have focused on outcomes describing episodic or acute changes, specifically monitoring the time elapsed until a measured change in heart rhythm was observed, as well as the measured change in heart rate. Findings describe patterns observed in the studies related to the observed change in rhythm status in adult patients presenting with Paroxysmal SVT. However, existing studies provide limited insight into how frequently measured changes in rhythm status occur across all types of SVT. Long-term effects are not fully established, and follow-up durations were often limited to the short term.

Evidence for use in Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris

Caveril was studied for conditions marked by functional limitations, specifically Chronic Stable Angina. Research explored how symptoms evolved in the observed populations by measuring outcomes related to physical discomfort. Studies used observational settings evaluating daily-life functioning, such as the reported frequency of chest discomfort. Functional assessments included outcomes reflecting daily functioning or activity level, such as performance on standardized exercise tests.

The studies reported measurements of differences in the rate of weekly chest discomfort episodes compared to the baseline period. Findings describe patterns observed in the studies where changes in the ability to complete a standardized exercise test were measured during the study period. Comparative evidence is lacking when assessing the long-term status of Caveril against all newer anti-anginal medications.

Evidence for use in Essential Hypertension

Research exploring the use of Caveril in managing Essential Hypertension has involved large, long-term comparative trials and studies monitoring physiological strain or stress. These research scenarios focused on outcomes related to systemic imbalance, such as differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) readings. Clinical trials reported that differences in both systolic and diastolic BP measurements were observed over the study duration. Large trials described patterns related to the incidence of major cardiovascular events (such as nonfatal heart attack or stroke) across different comparative treatment strategies. Evidence quality varies across studies, as some large trials that monitored major cardiovascular outcomes were stopped early, which can limit the certainty of the final analysis.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Caveril (FAQ)


Q: How is Caveril different from other drugs used for the same condition?

A: Caveril is classified as a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Official information indicates its mechanism involves regulating the influx of calcium ions in both the heart's electrical conduction system and the blood vessel walls. This results in a dual action, positioning it as both an antiarrhythmic agent and a vascular dilator.


Q: Does Caveril contain the same ingredients as [Brand Name of similar drug]?

A: The active ingredient in Caveril is Verapamil Hydrochloride. Regulatory documents classify this compound as a synthetic Phenylalkylamine derivative. This chemical structure is described as distinct from that of other major classes of heart and blood pressure medicines, such as Beta-Blockers or Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers.


Q: Are there any common interactions between Caveril and over-the-counter pain relievers?

A: Regulatory information describes that taking Caveril alongside certain over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may lead to an increase in blood pressure. Information about concurrent use of non-prescription products with Caveril is typically reviewed with a healthcare professional.


Q: Can Caveril be safely used alongside common herbal supplements?

A: Official sources describe a known interaction with the herbal supplement St John's Wort, which may affect how Caveril works. Generally, regulatory authorities state that most herbal supplements are not systematically tested for their potential effects on prescription medicines.


Q: Does taking Caveril affect my ability to drive?

A: Official safety information lists common adverse reactions such as dizziness and hypotension (low blood pressure). These effects may temporarily affect a person’s ability to operate machinery or vehicles, and such effects may require caution.


Q: Can Caveril be taken by people with kidney issues?

A: The use of Caveril in patients with impaired renal function (kidney issues) is advised with caution and close monitoring. Although studies suggest limited effect on the drug's metabolism in end-stage renal failure, close professional monitoring is typically part of the regulatory safety profile in these circumstances.


Q: How long does Caveril stay active in the body?

A: The drug’s elimination half-life describes the time it takes for half the medicine to be removed from the bloodstream. According to regulatory documents, this is approximately 6 to 11 hours for the immediate-release form and up to 12 hours for some extended-release capsules.


Q: Why is Caveril not recommended for certain age groups?

A: Official labeling states that the safety and effectiveness of oral formulations are not established for pediatric patients (children). For older adults, the medicine’s clearance from the body is typically reduced, which may lead to higher blood concentrations and a longer half-life.


Q: Is Caveril generally considered safe for women who are planning pregnancy?

A: Regulatory documents classify Caveril as FDA Pregnancy Category C. While official safety documents do not indicate that taking Caveril reduces fertility in men or women, reviewing the treatment plan is typically noted for consideration when planning conception.


Q: Are there specific tests required before starting Caveril?

A: Official documents state that blood pressure should be checked regularly during treatment. Due to contraindications and the risk of accumulation in the liver, monitoring of liver function and heart rhythm (ECG) is often necessary.


Q: What does the research say about Caveril's performance compared to a placebo?

A: Clinical trial research has often compared Caveril to a placebo (an inactive treatment). Findings describe dose-related, placebo-subtracted decreases in blood pressure and placebo-adjusted increases in exercise duration for certain indications.


Q: Does Caveril cause weight change?

A: Official labeling documents list Peripheral Edema (swelling or fluid retention) as a common adverse reaction, which can affect perceived weight. Research examining the drug's long-term influence on serum lipids (e.g., cholesterol) reported no significant changes in the observed populations.


Q: Is Caveril considered a long-term treatment?

A: Regulatory experience indicates no limitation on the duration of use for Caveril. The treatment is intended for long-term management of chronic conditions, and long-standing clinical experience is cited in official documents.


Q: Can Caveril cause changes in mood or sleep?

A: Regulatory sources list sleep disturbance and, less commonly, depression/emotional depression among the possible adverse reactions that have been reported.


Q: How quickly does Caveril usually begin to have an effect?

A: For immediate-release formulations, peak concentrations in the blood are generally observed 1 to 2 hours after dosing. For extended-release formulations, the peak may be reached later, typically 7 to 9 hours after dosing.


Q: Does the time of day matter when taking Caveril?

A: Official regulatory documents direct that specific extended-release formulations (such as Covera-HS or Verelan PM) are administered at bedtime. This is because their release profile is intentionally delayed to provide effects throughout the night and morning.


Q: Is it normal to feel a mild headache when starting Caveril?

A: Headache is listed in official documents as a Common adverse reaction. This effect has been reported to occur in more than 10% of people in some studies.


Q: Is the long-term safety profile of Caveril well-established?

A: Long-standing clinical experience is cited in official documents for Caveril. Additionally, research observing the drug’s long-term results for conditions such as hypertension suggests that tolerance to the blood pressure reduction did not appear to develop with prolonged use.


Q: Is Caveril a controlled substance?

A: Caveril, which contains Verapamil Hydrochloride, is not classified as a controlled substance under regulatory schedules. It is a prescription-only medication.


Q: What should a patient know about stopping Caveril?

A: Official guidelines advise against abrupt discontinuation. A protocol of gradual dosage tapering is generally part of the recommended procedures.


Q: Does Caveril affect cholesterol levels?

A: Research has examined the influence of Caveril on serum lipid levels (such as cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins). These studies reported no significant changes in these levels in the observed populations.


Q: Can Caveril affect blood sugar levels?

A: Regulatory reports list lowered glucose tolerance as an effect that has been noted, although its frequency is not reported in all official sources.


Q: What types of prescription medicines commonly interact with Caveril?

A: Caveril’s official interaction profile includes: medicines that slow the heart rate or affect conduction (e.g., Beta-Blockers, antiarrhythmic agents), medicines that are metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme (like certain statins), and those that are substrates of the P-glycoprotein transporter.

How should Caveril be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Caveril

Official regulatory guidelines for Caveril (Verapamil Hydrochloride) mandate specific conditions to ensure its stability.

Storage Category Requirement
Temperature Store at Controlled Room Temperature, 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F).
Protection The product must be protected from both light and moisture; avoid freezing.
Container Containers must be kept tightly closed. Single-dose injectable solutions require the unused portion to be discarded immediately.

All forms of this medicine must be kept securely out of the sight and reach of children, often defined as a secured or locked-up location, according to official labeling. Disposal of expired or unused Caveril contents and containers must be performed in strict accordance with all local and national pharmaceutical waste regulations, with an explicit requirement to avoid environmental release.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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