Caton

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Caton

Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 10/01/2026

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Caton

Caton is a brand name for a fixed-dose combination medicine containing two distinct active substances: the non-opioid analgesic Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and the opioid analgesic Codeine. It is primarily used for its dual ability to relieve pain and reduce fever. Due to the presence of Codeine, this product is classified as a prescription-only analgesic.

Quick Facts

Property Description
Active ingredients Acetaminophen and Codeine
Form Tablet, Capsule, Oral Solution
Pharmacological class Analgesic and Antipyretic combination
Common use Relief of mild to moderate pain and fever
Rx Status Prescription-only (Rx)

What Type of Medicine is Caton?

Caton belongs to the pharmacological class of Analgesic and Antipyretic combinations. This classification is clinically recognized for providing effective symptomatic relief across various patient groups.

The two components are key to its efficacy. Acetaminophen acts as a non-opioid analgesic and helps reduce fever, while Codeine is an opiate analgesic that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to change how the body senses pain. This approach is often reserved for situations where pain is persistent, such as after a minor medical procedure or trauma, and standard over-the-counter medication is not sufficient. The product is designed for oral administration and is available in forms such as tablets, capsules, and liquids.

Composition and General Purpose

Caton is made of Acetaminophen (a synthetic compound) and Codeine (a semi-synthetic substance derived from opium alkaloids), confirming its status as a fixed-dose combination.

The Acetaminophen/Codeine combination is effective for treating moderate pain, which is achieved through the synergistic action of the two molecules. This conclusion indicates that the medicine is used for situations requiring comprehensive relief. The primary general purpose of Caton is therefore to provide enhanced pain relief and fever reduction through its unique combined mechanism.

What side effects are possible with Caton?

Caton: Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

The safety profile of Caton, a substance belonging to the synthetic cathinone class, is defined by its substantial risk for severe acute toxicity and abuse potential. Due to the high potential for abuse and lack of accepted medical use, this class of drugs is classified by governmental regulatory authorities as a Schedule I controlled substance.

Safety data is primarily compiled from clinical cases, emergency room admissions, and poison center reports, which frequently describe life-threatening adverse reactions across multiple body systems.

Key Adverse Reaction Categories

System-Organ Class Common Signs and Symptoms (as documented) Serious Adverse Reactions (as documented)
Nervous System Agitation, anxiety, paranoia, confusion, insomnia, tremors. Seizures, acute psychosis, hallucinations, delirium, aggression, and violent behavior.
Cardiovascular Tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension (elevated blood pressure), palpitations, chest pain. Myocarditis, severe hypertension, and cardiovascular complications that can lead to death.
Systemic/Renal Excessive sweating (diaphoresis), hyperthermia (severely increased body temperature). Rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle tissue breakdown), Acute Renal Failure (kidney failure).

Safety Restrictions and Monitoring

The regulatory classification as a Schedule I substance signifies that Caton has no currently accepted medical use and is associated with a high potential for abuse and dependence. The potential for excited delirium—a syndrome involving extreme agitation, hyperthermia, and possible severe dehydration—is a specific safety note emphasized in regulatory and medical literature.

Note: Safety information emphasizes that both acute use and chronic exposure are linked to unpredictable and potentially fatal toxicological effects, often necessitating immediate and tailored clinical management.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

Overdose of Caton is defined by the combined toxicity of both Acetaminophen and Codeine, posing a dual risk of organ damage and life-threatening central nervous system depression. The official regulatory profile describes the clinical presentation, required immediate actions, and necessary supportive procedures.

Documented Manifestations and Severe Outcomes

Overdose of the opioid component, Codeine, may result in profound respiratory depression, characterized by shallow or slow breathing, progressing to apnea and circulatory collapse. Other documented signs include extreme somnolence, stupor, and miosis (pinpoint pupils). Overdose of the Acetaminophen component is often insidious; early symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may be present but are frequently delayed for 12 to 24 hours post-ingestion. This toxicity carries a documented risk of hepatic necrosis and subsequent acute liver failure.

Required Emergency Action

Official regulatory guidance mandates that immediate medical attention must be sought for any suspected overdose, regardless of whether symptoms are currently visible. Individuals must contact emergency services immediately due to the high risk of life-threatening respiratory depression and delayed, fatal liver damage. The management procedures formally described include administering the specific antidotes: Naloxone to reverse opioid effects and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to counteract Acetaminophen toxicity. Hospital monitoring and continuous observation are officially required to track hepatic function and manage the two acute, severe toxicological pathways.

Therapeutic Uses of Caton

Caton: Main Uses and Benefits

Caton (onabotulinumtoxinA) is a medication utilized in the management of several specified medical conditions. Its use is clinically established for the prophylaxis of headaches in adult patients who experience chronic migraine (defined as 15 or more headache days per month). This treatment option is considered for individuals meeting these criteria.

Caton is also indicated for the management of spasticity in patients two years of age and older, addressing increased muscle stiffness that can affect function and positioning. For adults, it is a treatment for cervical dystonia, helping to support the reduction of the severity of abnormal head position and associated neck pain.

Furthermore, the medication has a role in managing bladder conditions. It is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) with symptoms such as urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency, when individuals have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of anticholinergic medications. This includes the management of urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition (e.g., spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis) in adults.


Quick Facts: Therapeutic Domains

  • Chronic Migraine: Used for headache prophylaxis in adult patients with chronic migraine.
  • Spasticity: Helps address increased muscle stiffness in patients aged two and older.
  • Cervical Dystonia: Indicated to support the reduction of abnormal head position and neck pain in adults.
  • Bladder Conditions: Manages symptoms of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence related to neurologic conditions.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Caton (Codeine) use is strictly governed by authoritative regulatory guidelines, which define specific populations for whom the medicine is either absolutely contraindicated or highly restricted.

Contraindicated Populations

Classification Who Must Not Use (Contraindicated)
Age Children under 12 years for all indications.
Surgery/Age Patients under 18 years following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
Physiological/Genetic Women who are breastfeeding; any patient known to be a CYP2D6 Ultra-Rapid Metabolizer.
Conditions Acute respiratory depression, acute bronchial asthma, paralytic ileus, or known hypersensitivity to codeine.

Restricted and Conditional Use

  • Adolescents (12–18 years): Use is generally restricted to the management of acute moderate pain that cannot be relieved by non-opioid analgesics (e.g., paracetamol, ibuprofen) alone.
  • Compromised Respiratory Function: Use is generally not recommended in adolescents (12–18 years) with pre-existing conditions that may increase the risk of serious breathing problems, such as severe lung disease or obesity.
  • Older Adults & Impairment: Patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment require caution, as official labeling may advise lower initial doses due to potential slower elimination from the body.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Interactions with other medicines and products

Caton (Codeine Sulfate) has significant potential for drug interactions, classified primarily by pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms.

High-Risk Combinations

Category Risk/Constraint
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Contraindicated. Must not be used concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing an MAOI (e.g., phenelzine, tranylcypromine, linezolid).
CNS Depressants & Alcohol Increased risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Includes benzodiazepines, other opioids, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, and alcohol.
Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Opioids May reduce analgesic effect or precipitate withdrawal symptoms (e.g., buprenorphine, butorphanol, pentazocine). Use is generally discouraged.

Mechanistic Interactions

Codeine is metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite, morphine, mainly by the CYP2D6 enzyme. It is also a substrate for CYP3A4.

  • CYP2D6 Inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, quinidine, paroxetine): These medicines can block the conversion of codeine to morphine, potentially leading to reduced or absent pain relief (lack of efficacy).
  • CYP3A4 Inhibitors/Inducers (e.g., ketoconazole, rifampin): These agents can alter codeine's plasma concentrations and response. Close patient monitoring is required.

Concomitant use with anticholinergics may increase the risk of severe constipation and urinary retention due to additive effects on gastrointestinal motility.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism begins with the drug's metabolic conversion in the liver, primarily via the CYP2D6 enzyme, to its active chemical form (morphine). This active form acts as an agonist by binding directly to mu-opioid receptors (mu-opioid receptors), which are inhibitory G-protein coupled receptors ( Gi-GPCRs). This receptor binding is the core event that initiates a cascade to modulate signal transmission within the nervous system. The activation of the Gi-coupled pathways reduces the release of key neurotransmitters from presynaptic nerve terminals. This central action modifies the processing of nociceptive signals in the spinal cord and suppresses the signaling cascade of the cough reflex in the medulla, elevating the excitability threshold. Furthermore, the drug's peripheral effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract act via the same receptors, resulting in increased smooth muscle tone and decreased peristalsis, which modifies gastrointestinal transit.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Caton is Used

Caton, a fixed-dose combination of Acetaminophen and Codeine, is administered through the oral route only, available as tablets or liquid solutions.

Official Administration Guidelines

Usage Constraint Details
Route and Forms Administered orally as tablets or oral solutions/suspensions.
Dosing Schedule Standard adult administration involves taking one to two dose units (e.g., tablets) every 4 hours as needed for relief.
Maximum Daily Limit The total intake of the Acetaminophen component from all sources must be strictly limited and must not exceed 4,000 mg over a 24-hour period.
Frequency Pattern Intended for short-term, intermittent use only. Dosing is based on clinical need (PRN), adhering to the 4-hour interval.

Population-Specific Use Rules

There are strict age restrictions for this medication. Caton is contraindicated for use in all children younger than 12 years of age. Furthermore, its use is prohibited for post-operative pain management following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in adolescents younger than 18 years. Use in older or debilitated adults requires caution due to potential differences in how the body processes the medication.

For liquid forms, the Administration Method requires the solution to be shaken well before use, and the dose must be measured precisely using a calibrated device. The overall use protocol strictly requires that the dose, frequency, and duration of use must not be exceeded.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Caton

The clinical research for Caton, a fixed-dose combination of Acetaminophen and Codeine, has primarily focused on its study in various pain conditions. This evidence is generally derived from formal clinical trials and systematic reviews, which help contextualize how patients reported their experience during defined study intervals. Research has explored what outcomes were measured and the limitations of the available data.


Evidence for Use in Acute Mild to Moderate Pain

The research base for Caton comes from numerous Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and large-scale systematic reviews that combine data from multiple trials. Research explored how symptoms change over time, focusing on outcomes related to physical discomfort in adults experiencing acute, short-term pain, including those in post-operative settings. In these trials, researchers monitored outcomes describing episodic changes by comparing the combination medicine against a placebo or against Acetaminophen alone. Research has explored short-term changes over very short intervals, typically a single dose or a few days. Follow-up durations were limited, meaning there is limited information for long-term outcomes after the acute pain subsides.

Evidence for Use in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain and Cancer Pain

Research has explored the use of Caton in conditions characterized by fluctuating manifestations, with key studies focusing on osteoarthritis of the knee or hip in adults, typically over four-week intervals. Studies monitored outcomes related to functional capacity and pain intensity. A key research limitation is that patterns of outcomes related to physical discomfort and daily functioning were not consistently maintained or documented beyond the initial weeks of treatment.

Research exploring the use of Caton for conditions where symptoms may vary in intensity, such as moderate cancer pain, is derived from a limited number of small, short-duration RCTs. Certainty remains low for this indication because the follow-up durations were limited, and comparative evidence is lacking regarding the specific contribution of the Acetaminophen component.

Long-Term Studies and Uncertainty

The body of evidence primarily reflects research exploring short-term symptom patterns; long-term effects are not fully established. Research does not determine whether an individual outside the primary adult study group will respond similarly. Dedicated large-scale research or evidence exploring comparative outcomes for groups defined by specific comorbidities remains limited in the published research.

Key Studies & References

  1. Codeine for Pain Related to Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Hip: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
  2. WHO Analgesic Ladder (StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf)
  3. Label: ACETAMINOPHEN AND CODEINE tablet (DailyMed / FDA)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Caton (FAQ)

Q: How quickly should someone expect Caton to start working?

A: According to official product information, pain relief from the active opioid component of Caton is generally noted to occur within approximately 30 minutes following oral administration. This relatively quick onset is documented in clinical pharmacology data for this type of medication.

Q: Is it common to feel tired after starting Caton?

A: Official regulatory labeling documents drowsiness (somnolence), dizziness, and lightheadedness as possible side effects. These effects are related to the way the opioid component of Caton acts on the central nervous system.

Q: Does Caton usually cause weight gain?

A: Official regulatory documentation does not typically list weight gain as a common side effect of Caton. However, general physical changes are advised to be noted in medical documentation, as certain rare serious effects have been associated with symptoms like unusual tiredness and weight loss.

Q: Are there any major food or drink restrictions while taking Caton?

A: Official product information states that Caton can be taken with or without food. However, official labeling advises that alcoholic beverages should be avoided, as combining them with Caton significantly increases the risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, and other serious central nervous system effects.

Q: Is Caton safe to use long-term?

A: Official guidelines state the medication is intended for short-term, intermittent use to manage pain. Long-term use is associated with regulatory warnings regarding risks of tolerance, dependence, misuse, and addiction.

Q: What is the risk of dependence or withdrawal with Caton?

A: As an opioid-containing product, Caton has a documented high potential for abuse and can produce physical and psychological dependence. Regulatory documents detail the signs and symptoms associated with both early and late physical withdrawal.

Q: Why is Caton sometimes prescribed with other medications?

A: Caton is often prescribed when single-agent pain relievers are insufficient. Scientific reviews confirm the combined use provides enhanced pain relief, leveraging the synergistic action between the Acetaminophen and Codeine components.

Q: Can you take Caton if you have [Common Organ] issues?

A: Official documents indicate that caution is advised when the medication is considered for patients who have severe impairment of hepatic (liver) or renal (kidney) function. In these cases, official labeling may advise a lower initial dose due to potential changes in how the body processes the medication.

Q: Does Caton affect blood pressure readings?

A: Official labeling states that the medication may cause hypotension (low blood pressure) and syncope (fainting). Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is also noted as a possible, though less common, serious adverse reaction.

Q: What should a patient do if they notice a potential interaction?

A: Regulatory patient information states the importance of sharing a complete list of all medicines, substances, and supplements with the healthcare team. Official documents indicate the need to seek medical attention immediately if any serious side effects or signs of an allergic reaction occur.

Q: How long does Caton stay in the system?

A: Official clinical information states that the Codeine component has a plasma half-life of approximately 2.9 hours, and the Acetaminophen component is typically between 1.25 to 3 hours. This data indicates the drug and its active components are rapidly eliminated from the body.

Q: Does Caton show up on drug tests?

A: As Caton contains Codeine, which is an opiate, the substance itself or its metabolites—such as morphine—can be detected in standard opioid drug screening tests.

Q: Is Caton available in a generic version?

A: The fixed-dose combination of Acetaminophen and Codeine is widely available from multiple generic manufacturers, as documented in various regulatory and governmental product registries.

Q: Are there different strengths of Caton tablets available?

A: Official product details confirm the medication is available in various tablet and solution strengths. These formulations combine a fixed amount of the Acetaminophen component with different dose levels of the Codeine component.

Q: When was Caton first approved by the FDA or another agency?

A: The combination product, Acetaminophen with Codeine Phosphate, has a long history, with an initial New Drug Application (NDA) approval by the FDA dating back several decades.

Q: Is it true that Caton works differently for every person?

A: Regulatory reviews acknowledge that individual response can vary significantly. This is primarily due to differences in a person's ability to metabolize Codeine to its active form (morphine) via the CYP2D6 enzyme.

Q: Can Caton affect mood or cause emotional changes?

A: Official labeling notes that mental and mood changes are possible side effects. These can include feelings of irritability, anxiety, and nervousness.

Q: Why does the packaging list [Specific Inactive Ingredient]?

A: Official labeling lists inactive ingredients, which are components added to the formulation that do not have a therapeutic effect. They are necessary for the drug's manufacturing, stability, shape, or color.

Q: Is it normal to feel a mild effect when first starting Caton?

A: Clinical studies indicate the intended analgesic effect begins quickly, typically within 30 minutes of dosing. This suggests a noticeable initial effect is intended by the product's design.

Q: Does Caton contain lactose or gluten?

A: The presence of specific excipients like lactose or gluten can vary depending on the product's manufacturer and specific formulation. Official labeling indicates the need to consult the list of inactive ingredients found in the patient information leaflet for the specific product being used.

Q: Why do some people stop taking Caton?

A: Common reasons documented in clinical literature include the development of side effects or a lack of desired analgesic efficacy. Additionally, concerns related to long-term use, such as the potential for tolerance and dependence, are factors for discontinuation.

Q: How is the effectiveness of Caton measured in studies?

A: Efficacy is typically measured in clinical trials by monitoring patient-reported outcomes related to physical discomfort. Researchers assess changes in pain intensity over short periods when comparing the product against a placebo or its single components.

Q: Can Caton be taken before driving or operating machinery?

A: Official labeling contains warnings about performing hazardous tasks due to the risk of impairment. The medication may affect the mental and/or physical abilities required for safe driving or operating machinery due to the potential for dizziness or drowsiness.

Q: Do I need to store Caton in the refrigerator?

A: Most consumer tablet and oral solution forms are generally stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. However, specific liquid or vial forms may have unique requirements for refrigeration or freezing as outlined in the official storage instructions.

Q: What should I tell a new doctor about Caton?

A: Official patient guidance emphasizes the importance of sharing information about the use of this opioid-containing medicine with all healthcare providers. This includes the current dose, duration of use, and any related side effects, to help mitigate risks of interactions and potential dependency issues.

Q: What evidence supports the use of Caton for its main condition?

A: Evidence derived from randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews supports the short-term efficacy of the product for reducing mild to moderate acute pain compared to placebo.

Q: Is Caton approved for use in children?

A: Official regulatory warnings strictly contraindicate the use of Caton in children younger than 12 years for any indication. Its use is also prohibited for post-operative pain management following certain throat surgeries in adolescents under 18 years.

Q: Is Caton in the same class of drugs as [General Class Name]?

A: Caton is broadly classified as an Analgesic and Antipyretic combination. More specifically, due to the presence of Codeine, it belongs to the pharmacological class of opioid analgesics.

Q: What is the difference between Caton and a supplement?

A: Caton is a prescription-only drug regulated by government bodies that mandate comprehensive testing to prove safety and effectiveness before it can be legally marketed. Dietary supplements are subject to a different set of, generally less stringent, rules and do not require pre-market proof of efficacy.

How should Caton be stored and disposed of?

Storage Requirements

Official regulatory documentation details specific storage conditions based on the product state. The unreconstituted vial of Caton must be protected from light and stored either frozen at or below -5 C or refrigerated between 2 C to 8 C. The product must be kept in its original carton.

Once the vial is reconstituted, the solution must be stored in a refrigerator between 2 C to 8 C and must be used within 24 hours. The vial must not be shaken during preparation. As with all medicines, the product must be kept out of the sight and reach of children.

Disposal Instructions

Due to the nature of the product, disposal must comply with local and national medical waste regulations. Unused portions and all used materials must be placed in a sharps container and not disposed of in household trash or poured down the drain.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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