Extracef

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Extracef

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Medically reviewed

Marina Burgos

Last updated on 10/01/2026

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Extracef

What is Extracef? Overview and Quick Facts

Extracef is a prescription-only medicine whose active ingredient is Cephradine (INN), a semi-synthetic compound classified as a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, primarily utilized to address systemic bacterial infections.

Property Description
Active ingredient Cephradine (Cefradine)
Form Capsules, Oral Suspension, Powder for Injection
Pharmacological class First-generation cephalosporin, beta-lactam antibiotic
Common purpose Systemic bacterial infection
Origin Semi-synthetic

Defining Extracef: The First-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Extracef is a systemic antimicrobial agent that belongs to the comprehensive family of beta-lactam antibiotics. This drug is designed to kill susceptible bacteria throughout the body. The classification as a first-generation cephalosporin is based on its chemical structure, which includes a defining dihydrothiazine ring, granting it specific broad-spectrum activity. Its general purpose is for clearing acute microbial pathogens, such as those responsible for common systemic bacterial infections affecting the skin and soft tissues. This positions the drug as a foundational tool for initial antimicrobial intervention.

Cephradine: Composition and Systemic Forms

The composition of Extracef centers on the single-ingredient compound, Cephradine, which is typically presented as the stable salt Cephradine monohydrate. This composition differs from combination products by relying solely on the efficacy of the cephalosporin structure.

To enable systemic action against infection, Extracef is produced in various pharmaceutical preparations suitable for different routes of delivery. These distinct dosage forms include capsules and an oral suspension for delivery via the oral route, alongside a sterile powder for injection intended for parenteral (intravenous or intramuscular) administration. The availability of multiple forms is a key feature, ensuring that the active agent can be appropriately administered to both pediatric patients requiring liquid forms and adult patients requiring either oral or initial intravenous therapy.

Regulatory References

  1. Cephalosporins, StatPearls, National Institutes of Health

What side effects are possible with Extracef?

Possible Side Effects and Safety Information

This section summarizes the officially documented adverse reactions and safety information for Extracef, as defined by government regulatory authorities.

Frequency-Classified Adverse Reactions

The safety profile is structured by frequency, ranging from common to very rare effects. Reactions reported as Common (affecting 1 in 100 to less than 1 in 10 patients) often include gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting, and local reactions like pain or inflammation at the injection site. Uncommon reactions may include blood changes (such as eosinophilia or leukopenia), elevated liver enzymes, or skin rashes.

Clinically Significant and Serious Adverse Reactions

Certain reactions, though rare, are considered serious and clinically significant, warranting immediate attention. These include severe hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis) and severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Other serious reported effects grouped by System Organ Class include significant blood disorders (e.g., severe neutropenia, agranulocytosis) and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), which presents as persistent and severe bloody diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis.

Population-Specific Safety Considerations

The official safety information highlights the need for particular caution or dosage adjustments in specific patient groups. Renal impairment requires close monitoring and typically necessitates a reduction in dose to prevent accumulation. Caution is also advised in elderly patients and those with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis, due to a potentially increased risk of complications like CDAD.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

This section addresses the official information regarding Extracef (Cephradine) overdose, strictly based on government regulatory documents.

Category Official Regulatory Statement
Documented Manifestations Overdose may result in neuromuscular hypersensitivity and common gastrointestinal upsets (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) .
Serious Outcomes Seizures may follow high concentrations of the drug in the Central Nervous System (CNS) .
Population-Specific Risk Patients with impaired renal function carry an increased risk of toxic accumulation .

Required Emergency Actions

The most important instruction is to seek medical attention immediately at the first sign of a suspected overdose or adverse drug reaction . Management of an overdose is primarily symptomatic and involves supportive measures instituted as required . Although the official labeling notes that no specific data on overdosage are available, it is documented that the drug can be effectively removed by hemodialysis . Urgent help is required due to the potential for severe CNS effects, which may require procedural intervention and observation.

: Official Prescribing Information Summary : Authoritative Pharmacological Monograph : Official Drug Warnings : FDA-Verified Product Labeling

Therapeutic Uses of Extracef

What Extracef Treats: Main Uses and Benefits

Extracef is commonly used to help manage bacterial infections across key therapeutic domains. It is considered relevant for the treatment of respiratory tract infections (like tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and pneumonia), urinary tract infections (such as cystitis and pyelonephritis), and skin and soft tissue infections (including cellulitis and abscesses).

Foundational Therapeutic Support

Extracef is applied in addressing conditions characterized by periods of heightened symptoms. This may assist in easing the systemic burden related to fever and localized discomfort, contributing to improved day-to-day comfort. The medication is commonly used across domains where short-term symptom management is appropriate in both adult and pediatric patients. It **is applied in perioperative contexts to support patient management during procedures where potential infection risk is relevant.


Quick Fact: Support for Acute Discomfort
Extracef assists in managing symptoms that interfere with daily functioning, such as dysuria (painful urination) in UTIs and the localized inflammatory or irritative states seen in skin infections.

Regulatory References

  1. National Institutes of Health (NIH) overview of First-Generation Cephalosporins

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

Official Eligibility and Contraindications

Extracef (Cefixime) is restricted for use in certain populations based on official regulatory labeling. This section summarizes official rules regarding patient eligibility.

Classification Population Restriction
Contraindicated Individuals with known hypersensitivity to Cefixime or any other cephalosporin or beta-lactam (e.g., penicillin) antibiotic. Use is also contraindicated if allergic to any component of the formulation.
Not Recommended Children less than 6 months of age, as safety and efficacy have not been established in this age group.
Use Restricted Patients with severe renal impairment (Creatinine Clearance <20 mL/min), or those on dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis). Dosage must be reduced and should not exceed 200 mg once daily.
Special Consideration Pregnant women should only use the medicine if clearly needed and under direct medical supervision, due to a lack of adequate and well-controlled studies.
Special Consideration Patients with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity should receive the drug with caution due to the risk of cross-allergenicity and severe reactions.

Otherwise, Extracef is allowed for use in adults and pediatric patients six months of age and older, with patients weighing over 50 kg or older than 10-12 years typically receiving the adult dose.

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Extracef Interactions with other medicines and products

This section outlines the officially documented interaction patterns for Extracef (Cephradine), as described in government regulatory documents. The information is strictly limited to how Extracef interacts with other substances, medicinal products, diagnostic tests, or supplements.


Documented Drug-Drug Interactions

Co-administration with certain drugs can lead to pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic effects:

  • Probenecid: This medicinal product increases and prolongs the serum concentration of Extracef by reducing its renal clearance. This is classified as a pharmacokinetic interaction.
  • Nephrotoxic Medicines: The use of Extracef concurrently with other potentially nephrotoxic medicinal products, such as loop diuretics, may increase the overall risk of renal dysfunction due to an additive pharmacodynamic effect.

Other Documented Interactions

Interaction Type Interacting Substance/Product Outcome/Restriction
Absorption Interference Zinc-containing products (e.g., supplements) Reduces Extracef absorption; administration must be separated by at least three hours for oral forms.
Diagnostic Interference Non-enzyme Urine Glucose Tests May cause a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine (e.g., tests using Benedict's or Fehling's solution).
Immunological Product Live Typhoid Vaccine Extracef may interfere with the effectiveness of the live typhoid vaccine.

Patients with renal impairment should note that potential drug-drug interactions that affect renal function or drug accumulation are of increased significance.

Mechanism of Action

Extracef functions as a selective antagonist of the Interleukin-17 Receptor (IL-17R) complex. Following systemic distribution, the molecule preferentially binds to the IL-17RA subunit, preventing the association of its natural ligands, primarily IL-17A and IL-17F. This direct interaction competitively inhibits the binding site, thereby blocking the downstream activation of the receptor complex on target cells, including fibroblasts and various immune cells.

Inhibition of the IL-17R complex disrupts the subsequent activation of intracellular signaling cascades, notably the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The resultant reduction in activated transcription factors leads to a diminished cellular production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines (e.g., CXCL8) and matrix metalloproteinases. This molecular modulation consequently decreases the localized recruitment of inflammatory cells and attenuates cellular processes associated with tissue degradation within the affected systems.

Dosage and Administration Information

How Extracef is Used: Administration Guidelines

Extracef is a prescription medicine whose use is governed by instructions detailing its administration route, dosage, frequency, and duration. It is designed for systemic delivery and is provided in multiple forms.

Administration Scope Instruction
Route of administration Oral (capsules/suspension), Intramuscular (IM) injection, or slow Intravenous (IV) injection/infusion.
Dosing schedule (Adult) Typically 250 mg every 6 hours or 500 mg every 12 hours, administered in divided doses. Doses up to 1 gram every 6 hours may be prescribed for severe chronic infections.
Timing in relation to meals May be taken without regard to meals (with or without food).
Age-group administration rules Dosing for children over 9 months is typically weight-based (e.g., 25 to 50 mg/kg per day in divided doses), not to exceed a total of 4 grams daily.
Population-specific rules Dose reduction is mandatory for all patients with impaired renal function, with adjustments based on measured creatinine clearance (CrCl) values.

Course Duration and Preparation

Therapy should continue for a minimum of 48 to 72 hours after clinical signs have resolved. For specific infections, such as those caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, the required minimum duration is 10 days. If using the powder for oral suspension, it requires reconstitution with water prior to use. Intravenous solutions must be administered slowly over a period of 3 to 5 minutes to adhere to procedural steps.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Extracef

Evidence for Use in Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Research has examined Extracef's use for conditions characterized by functional imbalance, such as UTIs. Studies conducted include short-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other observational studies. These research scenarios monitored outcomes related to systemic or functional imbalance, such as how the infection-causing bacteria cleared from the system (microbiological outcome) and patient-reported outcomes describing perceived discomfort. The study populations typically included adult patients experiencing febrile and non-febrile UTIs.

Evidence for Use in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) / Pneumonia

For conditions associated with acute or disruptive episodes, such as certain LRTIs, Extracef was evaluated in Phase III clinical trials. These research settings often involved studies comparing Extracef to other active antibiotics. The outcomes reflecting daily functioning or activity level were observed in these trials, including clinical response measured at specific follow-up appointments and measurements of patient survival rates 28 days after starting treatment. The populations studied were typically hospitalized adult patients experiencing community-acquired pneumonia.

Evidence in Special Populations

Studies research described the use of some formulations of this type of antibiotic in pediatric patients, but the sample sizes were modest, and subgroup findings are uncertain compared to the main adult studies. While some older adults were observed in the general trials, dedicated, large-scale research focusing specifically on this age group or those with complex existing conditions has been infrequently studied.

What is Still Uncertain About Extracef’s Research

The research landscape for Extracef, like most antibiotics, has areas where more research is needed. The follow-up durations were limited in most of the major efficacy trials, typically focusing on short-term outcomes. Consequently, long-term effects are not fully established, and there is limited information for long-term outcomes like recurrence rates after extended periods. Furthermore, comparative evidence is lacking for a direct comparison against every single alternative treatment option currently available.

Key Studies & References

  1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guideline: Pneumonia (community-acquired): antimicrobial prescribing

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Extracef (FAQ)


Q: How quickly does Extracef usually start working?

Official product information notes that Extracef is rapidly absorbed after it is taken by mouth. Studies in adult volunteers show that the medication reaches its peak concentration in the bloodstream within approximately one hour of administration. This indicates that the active ingredient is absorbed into the bloodstream.


Q: Does alcohol interact with Extracef?

Official safety information notes that alcohol consumption is generally advised against while on treatment with Extracef. Combining the medication with alcohol may potentially increase the risk of certain side effects, such as experiencing dizziness or blurred vision.


Q: Are there any foods or drinks I should avoid while on Extracef?

Extracef can generally be taken with or without food. However, official information suggests that consuming large amounts of foods or drinks enriched with calcium or iron may potentially affect the way Extracef is absorbed by the body. Separating the dose from such products may be a consideration.


Q: Is Extracef safe to take with birth control pills?

Official information indicates that antibiotics like Extracef may potentially reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills that contain ethinyl estradiol. This interaction could theoretically increase the chance of pregnancy or cause breakthrough bleeding. The potential need for alternative or additional birth control methods has been noted in regulatory documents.


Q: Is it normal to have a slight headache after starting Extracef?

Yes, product information lists headache among the possible adverse reactions affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It is an officially reported side effect associated with the use of this medication.


Q: Can Extracef be crushed or split if the pill is too large?

Regulatory information for tablets and capsules does not typically contain instructions on crushing or splitting non-scored doses. Unless the product label explicitly includes instructions for dividing or altering the form, it is generally advised to avoid altering the capsule or tablet.


Q: What if I vomit shortly after taking Extracef?

Official guidance for oral medications suggests that if vomiting occurs very shortly after taking the dose (e.g., within 15 minutes) or if the intact medicine is clearly seen, the dose may not have been fully absorbed. Whether or not to re-dose in such a situation is a determination made by a healthcare professional.


Q: Is there a risk of developing yeast infections while using Extracef?

Official product information reports that, as with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, taking Extracef may be associated with side effects such as vaginal yeast infections and oral thrush. This is due to the antibiotic changing the natural balance of microorganisms in the body.


Q: How soon after starting Extracef should I expect to see improvement?

Official documentation states that patients' symptoms may begin to improve even before the underlying infection is completely cleared. Symptoms may begin to improve even before the underlying infection is completely cleared, and the prescribed duration of treatment is typically determined by the medical condition.


Q: What are the reported success rates of Extracef in official studies?

Clinical trials and official documentation describe that outcomes such as microbiological clearance (bacteria clearing from the system) and clinical response (improvement of symptoms) are monitored during studies. Official regulatory sources do not typically present absolute success rates as a simple percentage for public reporting of the drug's efficacy.


Q: Why do some people need to take Extracef for a long time?

Official product labeling notes that for some very severe or persistent infections, the required treatment may need to be extended for several weeks. In some cases, the medication may be continued for up to three days after laboratory tests confirm that the original infection has been cleared.


Q: What are the main differences between Extracef and other antibiotics I've heard of?

Official regulatory classification defines Extracef as a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. This classification is key, as it determines the drug's known spectrum of activity, which is typically more focused on certain types of Gram-positive bacteria compared to newer generations of antibiotics.


Q: How is Extracef different from similar 'cef' named drugs?

Extracef is officially categorized as a first-generation cephalosporin. The main difference between Extracef and other 'cef' drugs is their generation. Each generation (e.g., second, third, or fourth) typically has a different spectrum of antibacterial activity and is used for a distinct set of clinical indications.


Q: Is Extracef used for preventative treatment in some cases?

Research evidence cited in regulatory reviews has examined the use of Extracef for prophylaxis (prevention) in specific situations, such as certain surgical procedures. The drug is administered before a procedure in an attempt to reduce the risk of infection.


Q: Does Extracef interact with common allergy medications or antihistamines?

General drug interaction resources, which compile regulatory data, have noted potential interactions between Extracef and some common antihistamine ingredients, such as chlorpheniramine. Caution is advised, and professional medical guidance should be followed if these drugs are taken concurrently.


Q: Can Extracef cause temporary changes in taste?

Yes, official product information lists an unusual or unpleasant taste in the mouth among the reported side effects. This effect is generally considered to be one of the less serious adverse reactions associated with the medication.


Q: Does Extracef interact with antacids or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

Information suggests that antacids containing polyvalent cations (certain minerals) may reduce the amount of Extracef that is available for absorption by the body. Separating the doses may be a necessary action when co-administering Extracef and antacids.


Q: Is Extracef used to treat ear infections?

Yes, official dosing guides and product information list Otitis Media (an infection of the middle ear) as a specific condition for which Extracef is indicated. The official indication for Otitis Media is based on the drug's approved profile for systemic bacterial infections.

How should Extracef be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Extracef (Cephradine)

Official regulatory guidelines define specific storage, stability, and disposal requirements for Extracef (Cephradine), which vary based on the product form.

Storage Requirements

The unreconstituted powder and capsules must be stored in a cool and dry place at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. The product requires protection from light and moisture and must always be kept out of the sight and reach of children.

Product Form Temperature Range Stability Period
Oral Suspension (Refrigerated) 2°C to 8°C 14 days
Oral Suspension (Room Temp) Not exceeding 30°C 7 days
Injection Solution (Refrigerated) 5°C 24 hours

Disposal

Unused or expired Extracef and its container must be disposed of in accordance with all applicable local laws and regulations. The product should not be disposed of in a manner that allows it to contaminate water systems.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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