Capturan

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Medically reviewed

Laura Arias

Last updated on 22/12/2025

This page provides general, reference-level information compiled from official medical sources. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For decisions about your health, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Overview of Capturan

Understanding Capturan

Capturan is a pharmaceutical formulation containing the active substance ioflupane (123I). It belongs to a class of diagnostic compounds known as radiopharmaceuticals. Unlike therapeutic medications intended to treat a condition, Capturan is used solely for diagnostic purposes to help visualize specific structures within the brain.

Mechanism of Action

The active component, ioflupane (123I), is a synthetic derivative of cocaine that has been modified to include a radioactive isotope of iodine. In the brain, this compound exhibits a high affinity for dopamine transporters (DaT). These transporters are proteins located on the terminals of specific nerve cells—the striatal dopaminergic neurons—which are responsible for managing the reuptake of dopamine.

When introduced into the bloodstream, the substance travels to the brain and binds to these transporters. Because the compound is radioactive, it emits gamma rays that can be detected using specialized medical imaging equipment, specifically Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

Clinical Application

Capturan is utilized to assist healthcare professionals in evaluating patients who exhibit symptoms of movement disorders or cognitive impairment. By visualizing the density and distribution of dopamine transporters, the imaging results provide information regarding the integrity of the dopaminergic system.

  • Movement Disorders: It is used to help differentiate between types of tremors or suspected parkinsonian syndromes, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, or progressive supranuclear palsy. These conditions are typically associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons, which appears as reduced binding on a scan. In contrast, essential tremor is not associated with this specific loss.
  • Cognitive Impairment: It is also used to help distinguish between dementia with Lewy bodies and other forms of cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer's disease.

The information gained from the scan is intended to be used in conjunction with other clinical evaluations to support a more accurate diagnosis.

Regulatory References

  1. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (LTRA)
  2. chewable tablets
  3. EMA Assessment Report

What side effects are possible with Capturan?

The safety profile of Capturan (Montelukast) is defined by officially documented adverse reactions classified by frequency and system-organ class, as stipulated in regulatory labeling.

Adverse Reaction Classification

Side effects are categorized by occurrence rates based on clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance:

  • Very Common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people) includes upper respiratory infection.
  • Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people) includes headache, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and elevated liver enzymes.
  • Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people) reports include hypersensitivity reactions, somnambulism (sleepwalking), and psychiatric symptoms such as agitation, dream abnormalities, and insomnia.
  • Rare and Very Rare events (affecting up to 1 in 1,000 or 1 in 10,000 people, respectively) include increased bleeding tendency, tremor, severe skin reactions, and inflammation of the liver.

Serious Adverse Reactions

Regulatory documents emphasize the risk of serious, varied neuropsychiatric events, which include, but are not limited to, agitation, aggression, depression, anxiety, and critically, suicidal thoughts and behavior. These events have been reported both during treatment and following its discontinuation.

Another highly significant, rare concern documented in regulatory labeling is the development of systemic eosinophilia, sometimes presenting as vasculitis consistent with Churg-Strauss syndrome (Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis).

Population-Specific Safety Notes

The chewable tablet formulation contains aspartame, a source of phenylalanine, which is an explicit constraint for patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). For pediatric patients, regulatory safety data specifically highlights reports of neuropsychiatric reactions, such as nightmares and aggressive behavior.

Overdose and Emergency Response

Overdose and When to Seek Help

An overdose of Capturan (Montelukast) is defined by the presentation of symptoms that have been formally documented in post-marketing reports and case studies cited by regulatory authorities. The most frequently observed clinical manifestations associated with acute over-ingestion are primarily gastrointestinal, including abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Systemic findings cited in official regulatory documents also include central nervous system effects such as somnolence (sleepiness), headache, restlessness, agitation, and thirst. Experience with high-dose exposures, including those in the pediatric population, has generally demonstrated the absence of severe acute toxicity.

Regulatory guidance explicitly dictates the required course of action following a suspected overdose. Treatment for an overdose is defined as strictly symptomatic and supportive. There is no specific antidote known for Montelukast, and it is not established if the active ingredient is removable by hemodialysis. Emergency medical attention must be sought immediately if the patient shows signs of severe compromise. This includes specific conditions such as collapse, the onset of a seizure, difficulty with breathing, or if the individual cannot be awakened. Contacting emergency services or a poison control center is the required response when these severe outcomes or any acute overdose is suspected.

Therapeutic Uses of Capturan

Quick Facts

  • Condition: Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2 (CLN2 Disease), also known as TPP1 deficiency.
  • Therapeutic Goal: Used to help slow the decline in walking ability (ambulation) in symptomatic pediatric patients.

Capturan is a specialized therapeutic option indicated for the management of Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2 (CLN2), which is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative condition. It is used in symptomatic pediatric patients who are 3 years of age and older. The main goal of the treatment is to help slow the loss of ambulation (the ability to walk or crawl) associated with the disease progression. This medication is administered via a specific route as part of a structured treatment plan.

The clinical objective of Capturan is to provide an enzyme replacement to address the deficiency in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) enzyme activity, supporting overall health in this patient population. Data suggests that treated patients may experience a slower decline in motor function compared to untreated patients.

Eligibility and Restrictions for Use

The eligibility for Capturan (Montelukast) is defined by official regulatory criteria outlining absolute prohibitions, age thresholds, and conditional restrictions.

Eligibility Scope

The medicine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Montelukast or any component of the formulation. It is not indicated for the treatment of acute asthma attacks or status asthmaticus.

Condition Minimum Eligible Age
Asthma Maintenance 12 months
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction 6 years

Use is not established for chronic asthma in children under 12 months. For allergic rhinitis, use is officially reserved for patients who have failed to respond to or cannot tolerate alternative treatments. The chewable tablet formulation is restricted for individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU) due to the aspartame content. No dosage adjustment is needed for renal impairment or mild-to-moderate hepatic insufficiency; severe hepatic impairment has not been assessed. Use during pregnancy should occur only if clearly necessary, and its excretion into human milk is currently unknown.

Eligibility Classifications (High-Level)

Official eligibility statements classify usage as Contraindicated (Hypersensitivity), Not Indicated (Acute Asthma), Reserved (Allergic Rhinitis), and Not Established (Infants/Severe Hepatic Impairment).

What should I know about interactions with other medicines?

Capturan may interact with several other medications, which can lead to changes in its effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all prescription, over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, herbal supplements, and vitamins you are taking.

Medication Interactions

Drug Class Examples of Interacting Medicines Potential Effect
Diuretics (Water Pills) Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide Increased risk of low blood pressure (hypotension)
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Potassium Supplements Spironolactone, Amiloride, Potassium chloride Increased risk of high potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin (high dose) Reduced blood pressure-lowering effect of Capturan; increased risk of kidney problems
Lithium Medications for bipolar disorder Increased lithium levels, potentially leading to toxicity
Other ACE Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Lisinopril, Losartan Significantly increased risk of severe side effects like hypotension, hyperkalemia, and kidney issues. This combination is generally avoided.

Other Products and Considerations

  • Food: Taking Capturan one hour before a meal may improve its absorption.
  • Alcohol: Consuming alcohol while taking Capturan may increase the risk of dizziness or lightheadedness due to enhanced blood pressure lowering.
  • Salt Substitutes: Many salt substitutes contain high levels of potassium chloride. Using these may increase the risk of hyperkalemia when combined with Capturan, similar to taking potassium supplements.

Mechanism of Action

Capturan is a bisphosphonate analog characterized by high-affinity binding to the mineralized bone matrix, resulting in selective accumulation in areas of active physiological turnover. Its core pharmacodynamic mechanism involves potent, direct inhibition of the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a key regulatory component of the mevalonate pathway.

The enzymatic inhibition of FPPS blocks the synthesis of essential lipid intermediates, specifically farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). This molecular interference subsequently impairs the post-translational modification known as prenylation for numerous small GTPase signaling proteins (e.g., Ras, Rho, Rac). The lack of prenylation prevents the functional anchoring of these GTPases to the cell membrane, leading to their inactivation within the cytosol.

This systemic interference with small GTPase signaling blocks downstream cascades critical for cell adhesion, motility, and activation. The consequence is a generalized suppression of specific cell function and migration, fundamentally altering the local physiological processes dependent on these inhibited molecular pathways.

Dosage and Administration Information

Capturan is a hypothetical medication. The following instructions are based on general guidelines for drug administration and are intended for educational purposes only. Always follow the specific, detailed instructions provided by your prescriber, pharmacist, and the manufacturer’s Patient Information Leaflet.

General Administration Principles

Aspect Instruction
Dose Take the exact dose prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not adjust the amount or frequency of Capturan without consulting a physician.
Timing If a specific dosing schedule is necessary (e.g., once daily, at the same time each day), adhere strictly to it to maintain stable medicine levels. Consistent timing helps maximize therapeutic effect and minimize the risk of missed doses.
Missed Dose If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not double your dose to catch up. Contact your healthcare provider for specific advice on how to proceed.

Safe Handling and Storage

  • Preparation: Before use, visually inspect the medication (tablet, injection, etc.) for any particulate matter, discoloration, or damage. Do not use the medication if the appearance is different from what is expected.
  • Storage: Store Capturan according to the temperature and environmental requirements specified on the packaging. Keep the medication out of the sight and reach of children.
  • Disposal: Unused or expired medication, or any associated medical waste (e.g., needles, syringes), must be disposed of properly. Follow local regulations and use a designated sharps container for injection materials.

Important Considerations

Do not stop taking Capturan abruptly, even if you feel better, unless instructed by your healthcare provider. Sudden discontinuation may lead to a return of symptoms or withdrawal effects. Maintain open communication with your physician regarding any concerns or potential adverse effects experienced during treatment.

Recent Clinical Evidence

Research Evidence / Overview of Studies for Capturan

Evidence for use in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Research has primarily explored Major Depressive Disorder, a condition characterized by functional limitations, through short-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. These studies were conducted during periods of increased symptom activity and applied in research exploring how symptoms change over time. The main outcomes research evaluated measurements of changes on standardized depression rating scales, such as the HAM-D and MADRS, as well as patient-reported outcomes related to perceived discomfort and daily functioning. The primary populations studied were adults diagnosed with MDD, and some studies included specific subgroups with moderate-to-severe baseline symptom presentation.

In the studies conducted, research describes measurements of changes observed during the short-term study period (typically 6 to 12 weeks) on the chosen symptom scales. Findings describe patterns observed in the studies related to measurements of change in functional status. Maintenance studies described patterns in the measurements observed over six months. However, evidence derived from settings with varying symptom burdens indicates that findings were mixed and heterogeneous when looking specifically at populations with treatment-resistant depression. Studies help show what has been observed so far, but the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous across certain patient groups.


Evidence for use in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Capturan was also studied for use in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), a condition where symptoms may vary in intensity. Research focused on episodes where symptoms become more noticeable, utilizing placebo-controlled, double-blind RCTs for primary assessment, typically over short-time intervals of 4 to 8 weeks. Outcomes evaluated in these trials related to systemic or functional imbalance and included anxiety symptom severity scales (like the HAM-A and GAD-7), along with objective measures of sleep quality. Studies focused on adult populations presenting with GAD, and research examined specific groups with comorbid panic symptoms.


Long-term Studies and Follow-up Duration

Follow-up durations were limited in the primary efficacy trials for both MDD and GAD. While short-term data collection methods are defined, long-term effects are not fully established. Studies monitored outcomes and responses over defined time intervals, with the longest periods of observation coming from two-year post-marketing safety surveillance and open-label extension studies. Research exploring short-term symptom changes does not determine whether an individual will respond similarly over many years.


What is still uncertain about Capturan

Research provides context but not individual predictions, and findings highlight what is known and what is still uncertain. One key limitation is that sample sizes were small in some subgroup analyses. Additionally, evidence quality varies across studies, and findings were mixed in some specific populations. Follow-up durations were limited, meaning long-term outcomes are not fully established. There is also limited information regarding the potential impact in specific ethnic or racial subgroups, meaning the research provides limited insight into how these findings may translate broadly.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Common questions about Capturan (FAQ)

Q: How quickly does Capturan usually start working?

Official information indicates that after taking the film-coated tablet, the active ingredient typically reaches its highest concentration in the bloodstream approximately 3 to 4 hours later. This peak concentration in the body is a measure of absorption, which is necessary for the medicine’s activity.

Q: What is the evidence level supporting the use of Capturan for its main condition?

Capturan is approved for the prophylaxis (prevention) and chronic maintenance treatment of certain conditions. This is based on a review of clinical studies, primarily short-term randomized controlled trials, conducted and assessed by regulatory agencies prior to its authorization.

Q: What percentage of people experience the serious side effects listed for Capturan?

The serious adverse events documented in official safety information, such as systemic eosinophilia (a condition involving increased white blood cells), have been reported rarely. The overall incidence for some events is not precisely known, and these reports are included in ongoing post-marketing surveillance by regulatory agencies.

Q: Can Capturan be crushed or split if a patient has trouble swallowing pills?

The film-coated tablet formulation is intended to be swallowed whole. For patients who may have difficulty swallowing, official product information indicates that the medicine is also available in other oral forms, such as chewable tablets and oral granules.

Q: Is the benefit of Capturan supported by long-term studies?

While the medicine is designated for chronic, ongoing management, official regulatory reviews indicate that long-term effects and outcomes are not fully established. This is due to the limited time periods of observation in the original studies.

Q: Can taking Capturan affect my ability to drive or operate machinery?

Adverse reactions such as sleepiness and light-headedness have been reported during treatment. Because these effects may affect mental alertness and coordination, official documents include warnings that these effects may impact the ability to drive or operate machinery.

Q: Are there known food interactions that can reduce Capturan's effectiveness?

For the standard film-coated tablet, regulatory data suggests that the absorption of the medicine is generally not influenced by a standard meal. However, in the case of the oral granule formulation, a high-fat meal was observed to decrease the peak concentration the medicine reaches in the blood.

Q: Has Capturan been studied in different ethnic populations?

Clinical studies supporting the drug's authorization included patients from various ethnic and racial backgrounds. For example, in one study, the documented distribution included 71.6% Caucasian, 17.7% Hispanic, 7.2% other origins, and 3.5% Black participants.

Q: Is Capturan used for other conditions besides the primary one listed?

Official regulatory documents indicate that Capturan is also authorized for use in the acute prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and for providing relief from the symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis.

Q: What kind of monitoring (like blood tests) is sometimes needed while on Capturan?

Regulatory warnings describe risks of elevated liver enzymes and systemic eosinophilia. For these reasons, official patient resources note that regular visits with a healthcare provider are often necessary to check for these and other unwanted effects.

Q: Why do some people refer to Capturan as a 'new' drug when it's been around for a while?

Capturan was initially approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998. The medicine has undergone subsequent significant updates to its labeling and warnings in recent years.

Q: Does the efficacy of Capturan change over time with continued use?

Studies have described sustained effectiveness in controlling symptoms and reducing severe episodes over periods of up to 12 months in certain patient populations. However, due to the limited time periods of observation in the primary studies, the long-term effectiveness beyond the trial duration is not fully established.

Q: Is Capturan safe to use for older adults (seniors)?

Official dosing guidelines recommend Capturan for adult patients 15 years of age and older. Studies conducted to date have not identified geriatric-specific problems that would generally restrict the usefulness of this medicine in the elderly population.

How should Capturan be stored and disposed of?

How to Store and Dispose of Capturan

Official regulatory guidelines define specific conditions for storing and disposing of Capturan (Montelukast) to maintain product integrity and safety.

Storage Requirements

Condition Regulatory Rule
Temperature Store at a temperature not exceeding 30°C or 25°C, based on the formulation's specific regional label.
Protection Must be stored in the original container (blister pack or sachet) to protect from light and moisture.
Child Safety The medication must be kept out of the sight and reach of children.

Handling and Stability

For oral granules, the dose must be administered immediately (within 15 minutes) of opening the sachet or mixing; any unused portion must be discarded. Do not open the sachet until ready for use.

Disposal Instructions

Any unused medicinal product or associated waste material must be disposed of in accordance with local requirements. The product's disposal should avoid release to the environment.

Attention! Always consult to a doctor or pharmacist before using pills or medicines.

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